Exercise to treat psychopathology and other clinical outcomes in schizophrenia : A systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal article

Gallardo-Gómez, Daniel, Noetel, Michael, Álvarez Barbosa, Francisco, Alfonso-Rosa, Rosa M., Munell, Javier Ramos, del Pozo Cruz, Borja and Del Pozo-Cruz, Jesús. (2023). Exercise to treat psychopathology and other clinical outcomes in schizophrenia : A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Psychiatry. 66(1), pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.24
AuthorsGallardo-Gómez, Daniel, Noetel, Michael, Álvarez Barbosa, Francisco, Alfonso-Rosa, Rosa M., Munell, Javier Ramos, del Pozo Cruz, Borja and Del Pozo-Cruz, Jesús
Abstract

Background
Psychopathology and side effects of antipsychotic drugs contribute to worsening physical health and long-term disability, and increasing the risk of mortality in these patients. The efficacy of exercise on these factors is not fully understood, and this lack of knowledge may hamper the routine application of physical activity as part of the clinical care of schizophrenia.

Aims
To determine the effect of exercise on psychopathology and other clinical markers in patients with schizophrenia. We also looked at several moderators.

Method
MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched from inception to October 2022. Randomized controlled trials of exercise interventions in patients 18–65 years old diagnosed with schizophrenia disorder were included. A multilevel random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to pool the data. Heterogeneity at each level of the meta-analysis was estimated via Cochran’s Q, I2, and R2.

Results
Pooled effect estimates from 28 included studies (1,460 patients) showed that exercise is effective to improve schizophrenia psychopathology (Hedges’ g = 0.28, [95% CI 0.14, 0.42]). Exercise presented stronger effects in outpatients than inpatients. We also found exercise is effective to improve muscle strength and self-reported disability.

Conclusions
Our meta-analysis demonstrated that exercise could be an important part in the management and treatment of schizophrenia. Considering the current evidence, aerobic and high-intensity interval training exercises may provide superior benefits over other modalities. However, more studies are warranted to determine the optimal type and dose of exercise to improve clinical outcomes in people with schizophrenia.

Keywordsexercise; meta-analysis; psuchopathology; schizophrenia
Year01 Jan 2023
JournalEuropean Psychiatry
Journal citation66 (1), pp. 1-12
PublisherCambridge University Press
ISSN0924-9338
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.24
Web address (URL)https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/european-psychiatry/article/exercise-to-treat-psychopathology-and-other-clinical-outcomes-in-schizophrenia-a-systematic-review-and-metaanalysis/C938714DFC2B8E21DAF60335351F7969
Open accessOpen access
Research or scholarlyResearch
Page range1-12
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Open
Output statusPublished
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Online25 Apr 2023
Publication process dates
Accepted10 Apr 2023
Deposited24 Jul 2024
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© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the European Psychiatric Association

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.

Place of publicationUnited Kingdom
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Eather, Narelle, Beauchamp, Mark R., Rhodes, Ryan E., Diallo, Thierno M. O., Smith, Jordan J., Jung, Mary E., Plotnikoff, Ronald C., Noetel, Michael, Harris, Nigel, Graham, Emily and Lubans, David R.. (2020). Development and evaluation of the high-intensity interval training self-efficacy questionnaire. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 42(2), pp. 114-122. https://doi.org/10.1123/JSEP.2019-0166
Can a before-school physical activity program decreasebullying victimization in disadvantaged children? The Active-Start Study
Hormazábal-Aguayo, Ignacio, Fernández-Vergara, Omar, González-Calderón, Nicole, Vicencio-Rojas, Francisca, Russell-Guzmán, Javier, Chacana-Cañas, Cesar, del Pozo Cruz, Borja and García-Hermoso, Antonio. (2019). Can a before-school physical activity program decreasebullying victimization in disadvantaged children? The Active-Start Study. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology. 19(3), pp. 237-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2019.05.001
The impact of physical activity on brain structure and function in youth : A systematic review
Valkenborghs, Sarah Ruth, Noetel, Michael, Hillman, Charles H., Nilsson, Michael, Smith, Jordan J., Ortega, Francisco B. and Lubans, David Revalds. (2019). The impact of physical activity on brain structure and function in youth : A systematic review. Pediatrics. 144(4), p. e20184032. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-4032
School-based physical activity intervention for older adolescents: Rationale and study protocol for the Burn 2 Learn cluster randomised controlled trial
Angus A. Leahy, Narelle Eather, Jordan Smith, Charles H. Hillman, P J Morgan, Michael Nilsson, Chris Lonsdale, Ron C Plotnikoff, Michael Noetel, Elizabeth G. Holliday, Tatsuya T. Shigeta, Sarah A. Costigan, Frederick Rohan Walker, Sarah Young, Sarah R. Valkenborghs, Prajwal Gyawali, Nigel Harris, Sarah G. Kennedy and David Lubans. (2019). School-based physical activity intervention for older adolescents: Rationale and study protocol for the Burn 2 Learn cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 9(5), pp. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026029
Integrating physical activity into the primary school curriculum: rationale and study protocol for the "Thinking while Moving in English" cluster randomized controlled trial
Myrto F. Mavilidi, David Lubans, P J Morgan, Andrew Miller, Narelle Eather, Frini Karayanidis, Chris Lonsdale, Michael Noetel, Kylie Shaw and Nicholas Riley. (2019). Integrating physical activity into the primary school curriculum: rationale and study protocol for the "Thinking while Moving in English" cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health. 19(1), pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6635-2
Can physical activity offset the detrimental consequences of sedentary time on frailty? A moderation analysis in 749 older adults measured with accelerometers
Mañas, Asier, del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, Rodríguez-Gómez, Irene, Losa-Reyna, José, Rodriguez Mañas, Leocadio, García-García, Francisco J. and Ara, Ignacio. (2019). Can physical activity offset the detrimental consequences of sedentary time on frailty? A moderation analysis in 749 older adults measured with accelerometers. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 20(5), pp. 634 - 638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2018.12.012
Associations between physical activity intensity and well-being in adolescents
Costigan, Sarah A., Lubans, David R., Lonsdale, Chris, Sanders, Taren and del Pozo Cruz, Borja. (2019). Associations between physical activity intensity and well-being in adolescents. Preventive Medicine. 125, pp. 55 - 61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.05.009
Does fitness attenuate the relationship between changes in sitting time and health-related quality of life over time in community-dwelling older adults? Evidence from the EXERNET multicenter longitudinal study
López-Torres, O., del Pozo-Cruz, B., Maroto‑Sánchez, B., Vila-Maldonado, S., Gómez-Cabello, A., Martín-García, M., González-Agüero, A., Gusi, N., Espino, L., Casajús, J. A., González-Gross, M., Ara, Ignacio and Pedrero-Chamizo, . (2019). Does fitness attenuate the relationship between changes in sitting time and health-related quality of life over time in community-dwelling older adults? Evidence from the EXERNET multicenter longitudinal study. Quality of Life Research. 28(12), pp. 3259 - 3266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-019-02252-3
Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a teacher-facilitated high-intensity interval training intervention for older adolescents
Leahy, Angus A., Eather, Narelle, Smith, Jordan J., Hillman, Charles H., Morgan, Philip J., Plotnikoff, Ronald C., Nilsson, Michael, Costigan, Sarah A., Noetel, Michael and Lubans, David R.. (2019). Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a teacher-facilitated high-intensity interval training intervention for older adolescents. Pediatric Exercise Science. 31(1), pp. 107 - 117. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2018-0039
The intersection of gender, social class, and cultural context: a meta-analysis
Parker, Philip D., Van Zanden, Brooke, Marsh, Herbert W., Owen, Katherine, Duineveld, Jasper J. and Noetel, Michael. (2019). The intersection of gender, social class, and cultural context: a meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review. 31(3), pp. 1 - 32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-019-09493-1
Using genetic algorithms to abbreviate the mindfulness inventory for sport: A substantive-methodological synthesis
Noetel, Michael, Ciarrochi, Joseph, Sahdra, Baljinder and Lonsdale, Chris. (2019). Using genetic algorithms to abbreviate the mindfulness inventory for sport: A substantive-methodological synthesis. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 45(101545), pp. 1 - 11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.101545
The effects of vigorous intensity exercise in the third trimester of pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Beetham, Kassia S., Giles, Courtney, Noetel, Michael, Clifton, Vicki, Jones, Jacqueline C. and Naughton, Geraldine. (2019). The effects of vigorous intensity exercise in the third trimester of pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 19, pp. 1 - 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2441-1
Dose-response association between physical activity and sedentary time categories on ageing biomarkers
Mañas, Asier, del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, Rodríguez-Gómez, Irene, Leal-Martín, Javier, Losa-Reyna, José, Rodriguez Mañas, Leocadio, García-García, Francisco J. and Ara, Ignacio. (2019). Dose-response association between physical activity and sedentary time categories on ageing biomarkers. BMC Geriatrics. 19(1), pp. 1 - 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1284-y
Joint physical-activity/screen-time trajectories during early childhood: Socio-demographic predictors and consequences on health-related quality-of-life and socio-emotional outcomes
del Pozo Cruz, Borja, Perales, Francisco, Parker, Phil, Lonsdale, Chris, Noetel, Michael, Hesketh, Kylie D. and Sanders, Taren. (2019). Joint physical-activity/screen-time trajectories during early childhood: Socio-demographic predictors and consequences on health-related quality-of-life and socio-emotional outcomes. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 16(55), pp. 1 - 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-019-0816-3
Type of screen time moderates effects on outcomes in 4013 children: Evidence from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children
Sanders, Taren, Parker, Philip D., del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, Noetel, Michael and Lonsdale, Chris. (2019). Type of screen time moderates effects on outcomes in 4013 children: Evidence from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 16(1), pp. 1 - 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-019-0881-7
Ahead of the game protocol: a multi-component, community sport-based program targeting prevention, promotion and early intervention for mental health among adolescent males
S. A. Vella, Christian Swann, Marijka J. Batterham, Katherine M. Boydell, Simon Eckermann, Andrea Fogarty, Diarmuid Hurley, Sarah K. Liddle, Chris Lonsdale, Andrew Miller, Michael Noetel, A. D. Okely, Taren Sanders, Joanne Telenta and Frank P. Deane. (2018). Ahead of the game protocol: a multi-component, community sport-based program targeting prevention, promotion and early intervention for mental health among adolescent males. BMC Public Health. 18(390), pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5319-7
Converting Parkinson-specific scores into health state utilities to assess cost-utility analysis
Chen, Gang, García-Gordillo, Miguel Ángel, Collado-Mateo, Daniel, del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, Adsuar, José C., Cordero-Ferrera, José Manuel, Abellán-Perpiñán, José María and Sánchez-Martínez, Fernando Ignacio. (2018). Converting Parkinson-specific scores into health state utilities to assess cost-utility analysis. Patient. 11(6), pp. 665 - 675. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40271-018-0317-5
Are changes in occupational physical activity level compensated by changes in exercise behavior?
Nooijen, Carla F. J., del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, Nyberg, Gisela, Sanders, Taren, Galanti, Maria R. and Forsell, Yvonne. (2018). Are changes in occupational physical activity level compensated by changes in exercise behavior? European Journal of Public Health. 28(5), pp. 940 - 943. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky007
Reallocating accelerometer-assessed sedentary time to light or moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity reduces frailty levels in older adults: An isotemporal substitution approach in the TSHA Study
Mañas, Asier, del Pozo Cruz, Borja, Guadalupe-Grau, Amelia, Marín-Puyalto, Jorge, Alfaro-Acha, Ana, Rodríguez-Mañas, Leocadio, García-García, Francisco J. and Ara, Ignacio. (2018). Reallocating accelerometer-assessed sedentary time to light or moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity reduces frailty levels in older adults: An isotemporal substitution approach in the TSHA Study. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association (JAMDA): long-term care: management, applied research and clinical issues. 19(2), pp. 185.e1 - 185.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2017.11.003
Ideal cardiovascular health and incident cardiovascular disease among adults : A systematic review and meta-analysis
Ramírez-Vélez, Robinson, Saavedra, José M., Lobelo, Felipe, Celis-Morales, Carlos A., del Pozo Cruz, Borja and García-Hermoso, Antonio. (2018). Ideal cardiovascular health and incident cardiovascular disease among adults : A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 93(11), pp. 1589-1599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.05.035
Replacing sedentary time: Meta-analysis of objective-assessment studies
del Pozo-Cruz, Jesús, García-Hermoso, Antonio, Alfonso-Rosa, Rosa M., Barbosa, Francisco Álvarez, Owen, Neville, Chastin, Sebastien F. M. and del Pozo-Cruz, Borja. (2018). Replacing sedentary time: Meta-analysis of objective-assessment studies. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 55(3), pp. 395 - 402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2018.04.042
The relationship between exercise dose and health-related quality of life with a phase III cardiac rehabilitation program
del Pozo Cruz, Borja, Carrick-Ranson, Graeme, Reading, Stacey, Nolan, Paul and Dalleck, Lance C.. (2018). The relationship between exercise dose and health-related quality of life with a phase III cardiac rehabilitation program. Quality of Life Research. 27(4), pp. 993 - 998. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-018-1784-9
Healthcare access and quality index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015: a novel analysis from the global burden of disease study 2015
GBD 2015 Healthcare Access and Quality Collaborators* and del Pozo-Cruz, Borja. (2017). Healthcare access and quality index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015: a novel analysis from the global burden of disease study 2015. The Lancet. 390(10091), pp. 231 - 266. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30818-8
Sedentary Behaviour Research Network (SBRN): Terminology Consensus Project process and outcome
Tremblay, Mark S., Aubert, Salomé, Barnes, Joel D., Saunders, Travis J., Carson, Valerie, Latimer-Cheung, Amy E., Chastin, Sebastien F. M., Altenburg, Teatske M., Chinapaw, Mai J. M., SBRN Terminology Consensus Project Participants, del Pozo Cruz, Borja, Hnatiuk, Jill and SBRN Terminology Consensus Project Participants. (2017). Sedentary Behaviour Research Network (SBRN): Terminology Consensus Project process and outcome. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 14(1), pp. 1 - 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-017-0525-8
Mindfulness and acceptance approaches to sporting performance enhancement : A systematic review
Noetel, Michael, Ciarrochi, Joseph, Van Zanden, Brooke and Lonsdale, Chris. (2017). Mindfulness and acceptance approaches to sporting performance enhancement : A systematic review. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 12(1), p. 139–175. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2017.1387803
A systematic review of the exercise effect on bone health: The importance of assessing mechanical loading in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women
Sañudo, Borja, de Hoyo, Moisés, del Pozo-Cruz, Jesús, Carrasco, Luis, del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, Tejero, Sergio and Firth, Elwyn. (2017). A systematic review of the exercise effect on bone health: The importance of assessing mechanical loading in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Menopause. 24(10), pp. 1208 - 1216. https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000000872
Whole body vibration in institutionalized older people over the age of 80 to improve static balance
Francisco Alvarez Barbosa, Jesús del Pozo-Cruz and Borja del Pozo-Cruz. (2016). Whole body vibration in institutionalized older people over the age of 80 to improve static balance. Retos. (29), pp. 38-41.
Identifying the features of an exercise addiction: A Delphi study
Lucy MacFarlane, Glynn Owens and Borja del Pozo Cruz. (2016). Identifying the features of an exercise addiction: A Delphi study. Journal of Behavioral Addictions. 5(3), pp. 474-484. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.5.2016.060
Assessing the 'active couch potato' phenomenon in cardiac rehabilitation: Rationale and study protocol
Freene, Nicole, del Pozo Cruz, Borja and Davey, Rachel. (2016). Assessing the 'active couch potato' phenomenon in cardiac rehabilitation: Rationale and study protocol. BMC Health Services Research. 16(1), pp. 1 - 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-016-1313-x
Factors associated with the risk of falls of nursing home residents aged 80 or older
Barbosa, Francisco Álvarez, del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, del Pozo-Cruz, Jesús, Alfonso-Rosa, Rosa M., Corrales, Borja Sañudo and Rogers, Michael E.. (2016). Factors associated with the risk of falls of nursing home residents aged 80 or older. Rehabilitation Nursing. 41(1), pp. 16 - 25. https://doi.org/10.1002/rnj.229
Scaling-up an efficacious school-based physical activity intervention: Study protocol for the 'Internet-based Professional Learning to help teachers support Activity in Youth' (iPLAY) cluster randomized controlled trial and scale-up implementation evaluation
Lonsdale, Christopher S., Sanders, Taren G., Cohen, Kristen E., Parker, Philip, Noetel, Michael, Hartwig, Timothy Bryan, Vasconcellos, Diego, Kirwan, Morwenna, Morgan, Philip, Salmon, Jo, Moodie, Marj, McKay, Heather A., Bennie, Andrew, Plotnikoff, Ron C., Cinelli, Renata, Greene, David Anthony, Peralta, Louisa R., Cliff, Dylan, Kolt, Gregory S., ... Lubans, David. (2016). Scaling-up an efficacious school-based physical activity intervention: Study protocol for the 'Internet-based Professional Learning to help teachers support Activity in Youth' (iPLAY) cluster randomized controlled trial and scale-up implementation evaluation. BMC Public Health. 16(873), pp. 1 - 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3243-2
Validation of a video analysis software package for quantifying movement velocity in resistance exercises
Sañudo, Borja, Rueda, David, del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, De Hoyo, Moisés and Carrasco, Luis. (2016). Validation of a video analysis software package for quantifying movement velocity in resistance exercises. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 30(10), pp. 2934 - 2941. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000563
Cost-utility analysis of a 12-week whole-body vibration based treatment for people with type 2 diabetes: Reanalysis of a RCT in a primary care context
Alfonso-Rosa, Rosa M., del Pozo-Cruz, Jesús, del Pozo Cruz, Borja, Sañudo, Borja and Abellán-Perpiñán, Jose M.. (2015). Cost-utility analysis of a 12-week whole-body vibration based treatment for people with type 2 diabetes: Reanalysis of a RCT in a primary care context. Public Health. 129(7), pp. 993 - 995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2015.02.025
Long-term dynamics in physical activity behaviour across the transition to parenthood
Perales, Francisco, del Pozo-Cruz, Jesús and del Pozo-Cruz, Borja. (2015). Long-term dynamics in physical activity behaviour across the transition to parenthood. International Journal of Public Health. 60(3), pp. 301 - 308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-015-0653-3
Effects of whole-body vibration therapy in patients with fibromyalgia: A systematic literature review
Collado-Mateo, Daniel, Adsuar, Jose C., Olivares, Pedro R., del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, Parraca, Jose A., del Pozo-Cruz, Jesús and Gusi, Narcis. (2015). Effects of whole-body vibration therapy in patients with fibromyalgia: A systematic literature review. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2015, pp. 1 - 11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/719082
Reliability of spirometric tests during the different menstrual cycle phases in healthy women
Timon, Rafael, Ramirez-Balas, Almudena, Adsuar, Jose C., del Pozo-Cruz, Borja and Maynar, Marcos. (2014). Reliability of spirometric tests during the different menstrual cycle phases in healthy women. Iranian Journal of Public Health. 43(7), pp. 1009 - 1010.
Effects of a 12-wk whole-body vibration based intervention to improve type 2 diabetes
del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, Alfonso-Rosa, Rosa M., del Pozo-Cruz, Jesús, Sañudo, Borja and Rogers, Michael E.. (2014). Effects of a 12-wk whole-body vibration based intervention to improve type 2 diabetes. Maturitas. 77(1), pp. 52 - 58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.09.005
Relationship between functional capacity and body mass index with plasma coenzyme Q10 and oxidative damage in community-dwelling elderly-people
del Pozo-Cruz, Jesús, Rodríguez-Bies, Elizabeth, Navas-Enamorado, Ignacio, del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, Navas, Plácido and López-Lluch, Guillermo. (2014). Relationship between functional capacity and body mass index with plasma coenzyme Q10 and oxidative damage in community-dwelling elderly-people. Experimental Gerontology. 52, pp. 46 - 54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2014.01.026
Reliability of spirometric tests during the different menstrual cycle phases in healthy women
Timon, Rafael, Ramirez-Balas, Almudena, Adsuar, Jose C., del Pozo-Cruz, Borja and Maynar, Marcos. (2014). Reliability of spirometric tests during the different menstrual cycle phases in healthy women. Iranian Journal of Public Health. 43(7), pp. 1009 - 1010.
On the associations between physical activity and quality of life: Findings from an Australian nationally representative panel survey
Perales, Francisco, del Pozo-Cruz, Jose, del Pozo-Cruz, Jesus and del Pozo Cruz, Borja. (2014). On the associations between physical activity and quality of life: Findings from an Australian nationally representative panel survey. Quality of Life Research. 23(7), pp. 1921 - 1933. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-014-0645-4
Fiabilidad de un test isométrico de rodilla en mujeres con fibromialgia mediante test-retest de 12 semanas (Reliability of an isometric knee test in women with fibromialgia using 12-week test-revisit)
Olivares, Pedro R., Perez-Sousa, Miguel A., del Pozo Cruz, Borja, Delgado-Gil, Serafin, Domínguez-Muñoz, Francisco Javier and Parraca, Jose A.. (2014). Fiabilidad de un test isométrico de rodilla en mujeres con fibromialgia mediante test-retest de 12 semanas (Reliability of an isometric knee test in women with fibromialgia using 12-week test-revisit). Revista Colombiana de Reumatologia. 21(2), pp. 70 - 75. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0121-8123(14)70151-3
Test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change scores for fitness assessment in older adults with type 2 diabetes
Alfonso-Rosa, Rosa M., del Pozo Cruz, Borja, Del Pozo-Cruz, Jesús, Corrales, Borja Sañudo and Rogers, Michael E.. (2014). Test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change scores for fitness assessment in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Rehabilitation Nursing. 39(5), pp. 260 - 268. https://doi.org/10.1002/rnj.111
Effects of supervised whole body vibration exercise on fall risk factors, functional dependence and health-related quality of life in nursing home residents aged 80+
Álvarez-Barbosa, Francisco, del Pozo-Cruz, Jesús, del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, Alfonso-Rosa, Rosa M., Rogers, Michael E. and Zhang, Yanxin. (2014). Effects of supervised whole body vibration exercise on fall risk factors, functional dependence and health-related quality of life in nursing home residents aged 80+. Maturitas. 79(4), pp. 456 - 463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.09.010
Impact of physical activity on psychological distress: A prospective analysis of an Australian national sample
Perales, Francisco, del Pozo-Cruz, Jesús and del Pozo-Cruz, Borja. (2014). Impact of physical activity on psychological distress: A prospective analysis of an Australian national sample. American Journal of Public Health. 104(12), pp. e91 - e97. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302169
Reliability and validity of lumbar and abdominal trunk muscle endurance tests in office workers with nonspecific subacute low back pain
del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, Hernandez-Mocholi, Miguel H., del Pozo-Cruz, Jesús, Parraca, Jose A., Adsuar, Jose C. and Gusi, Narcis. (2014). Reliability and validity of lumbar and abdominal trunk muscle endurance tests in office workers with nonspecific subacute low back pain. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation. 27(4), pp. 399 - 408. https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-140460
Validation and comparison of 15-D and EQ-5D-5L instruments in a Spanish Parkinson's disease population sample
García-Gordillo, Miguel Ángel, del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, Adsuar, José Carmelo, Sánchez-Martínez, Fernando Ignacio and Abellán-Perpiñán, Jose María. (2014). Validation and comparison of 15-D and EQ-5D-5L instruments in a Spanish Parkinson's disease population sample. Quality of Life Research. 23(4), pp. 1315 - 1326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-013-0569-4
The relationship between nutritional status, functional capacity, and health-related quality of life in older adults with type 2 diabetes: A pilot explanatory study
Alfonso-Rosa, Rosa M., del Pozo Cruz, Borja, del Pozo-Cruz, Jesús, del Pozo-Cruz, Jose and Sañudo, Borja. (2013). The relationship between nutritional status, functional capacity, and health-related quality of life in older adults with type 2 diabetes: A pilot explanatory study. Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging. 17(4), pp. 315 - 321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-013-0028-5
Clinical effects of a nine-month web-based intervention in subacute non-specific low back pain patients: A randomized controlled trial
del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, Gusi, Narcis, del Pozo-Cruz, Jesús, Adsuar, Jose C., Hernandez-Mocholí, Miguel and Parraca, Jose A.. (2013). Clinical effects of a nine-month web-based intervention in subacute non-specific low back pain patients: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation. 27(1), pp. 28 - 39. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215512444632
Reanalysis of a tailored web-based exercise programme for office workers with sub-acute low back pain: Assessing the stage of change in behaviour
del Pozo Cruz, Borja, del Pozo-Cruz, Jesús, Adsuar, Jose C., Parraca, Jose A. and Gusi, Narcis. (2013). Reanalysis of a tailored web-based exercise programme for office workers with sub-acute low back pain: Assessing the stage of change in behaviour. Psychology, Health & Medicine. 18(6), pp. 687 - 697. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2013.765019
A primary care–based randomized controlled trial of 12-week whole-body vibration for balance improvement in type 2 diabetes mellitus
del Pozo-Cruz, Jesús, Alfonso-Rosa, Rosa M., Ugia, José L., McVeigh, Joseph G., del Pozo-Cruz, Borja and Sañudo, Borja. (2013). A primary care–based randomized controlled trial of 12-week whole-body vibration for balance improvement in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 94(11), pp. 2112 - 2118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2013.05.030
Whole body vibration training improves leg blood flow and adiposity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Sañudo, Borja, Alfonso-Rosa, Rosa M., del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, del Pozo-Cruz, Jesús, Galiano, Delfín and Figueroa, Arturo. (2013). Whole body vibration training improves leg blood flow and adiposity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 113(9), pp. 2245 - 2252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-013-2654-3
Musculoskeletal fitness and health-related quality of life characteristics among sedentary office workers affected by sub-acute, non-specific low back pain: A cross-sectional study
del Pozo Cruz, Borja, Gusi, Narcis, Adsuar, Jose C., del Pozo-Cruz, Jesús, Parraca, Jose A. and Hernandez-Mocholí, M.. (2013). Musculoskeletal fitness and health-related quality of life characteristics among sedentary office workers affected by sub-acute, non-specific low back pain: A cross-sectional study. Physiotherapy. 99(3), pp. 194 - 200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2012.06.006
Using whole-body vibration training in patients affected with common neurological diseases: A systematic literature review
del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, Adsuar, Jose C., Parraca, Jose A., del Pozo-Cruz, Jesús, Olivares, Pedro R. and Gusi, Narcis. (2012). Using whole-body vibration training in patients affected with common neurological diseases: A systematic literature review. Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine. 18(1), pp. 29 - 41. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2010.0691
An occupational, internet-based intervention to prevent chronicity in subacute lower back pain: A randomized controlled trial
del Pozo Cruz, Borja, Parraca, Jose A., del Pozo-Cruz, Jesús, Adsuar, Jose C., Hill, Jonathan C. and Gusi, Narcis. (2012). An occupational, internet-based intervention to prevent chronicity in subacute lower back pain: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 44(7), pp. 581 - 587. https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-0988
A Web-Based Intervention to Improve and Prevent low back pain among office workers: A randomized controlled trial
del Pozo Cruz, Borja, Adsuar, Jose C., Parraca, Jose A., del Pozo-Cruz, Jesus, Moreno, Antonio and Gusi, Narcis. (2012). A Web-Based Intervention to Improve and Prevent low back pain among office workers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 42(10), pp. 831 - 841. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2012.3980
Balance training reduces fear of falling and improves dynamic balance and isometric strength in institutionalised older people: A randomised trial
Gusi, Narcis, Adsuar, Jose Carmelo, Corzo, Héctor, del Pozo Cruz, Borja, Olivares, Pedro R. and Parraca, Jose A.. (2012). Balance training reduces fear of falling and improves dynamic balance and isometric strength in institutionalised older people: A randomised trial. Journal of Physiotherapy. 58(2), pp. 97 - 104. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1836-9553(12)70089-9
Whole body vibration improves the single-leg stance static balance in women with fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial
Adsuar, Jose C., del Pozo Cruz, Borja, Parraca, Jose A., Olivares, Pedro R. and Gusi, Narcis. (2012). Whole body vibration improves the single-leg stance static balance in women with fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 52(1), pp. 85 - 91.
Test-retest reliability of isometric and isokinetic knee extension and flexion in patients with fibromyalgia: Evaluation of the smallest real difference
Adsuar, Jose C., Olivares, Pedro R., del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, Parraca, Jose A. and Gusi, Narcis. (2011). Test-retest reliability of isometric and isokinetic knee extension and flexion in patients with fibromyalgia: Evaluation of the smallest real difference. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 92(10), pp. 1646 - 1651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2011.04.017
Tilting whole body vibration improves quality of life in women with fibromyalgia: A randomized controlled trial
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