Subaqueous silt ripples measured by an echo sounder: Implications for bed roughness, bed shear stress and erosion threshold

Journal article


Zhang, Shaotong, Zhao, Zixi, Nielsen, Peter, Wu, Jinran, Jia, Yonggang, Li, Guangxue and Li, Sanzhong. (2023). Subaqueous silt ripples measured by an echo sounder: Implications for bed roughness, bed shear stress and erosion threshold. Journal of Hydrology. 626, pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130354
AuthorsZhang, Shaotong, Zhao, Zixi, Nielsen, Peter, Wu, Jinran, Jia, Yonggang, Li, Guangxue and Li, Sanzhong
Abstract

Bedforms like ripples are widely distributed in the coastal zone. They influence the bed roughness thus the estimation of bed shear stress and associated sediment transport. An echo sounder was mounted on a bottom-supported tripod intended to measure the erosion and deposition of seabed in the subaqueous Yellow River Delta, China. However, variations in bed elevation are found to be not the net erosion or deposition at the observation site, but the migration of silt ripples which were generated by waves and pushed back and forth or flattened off by the tidal currents. Ripple heights were observed to be within 0.1–0.7 cm and were used for testing the model of Nielsen (1981). The model overestimated the height of silt ripples as it was developed for sands, but the deviation can be well addressed by incorporating a linear modification (R-squared = 0.79). Alternatively, a new model specifically for silt ripple height was regressed from the field data with R-squared up to 0.78. The existence of silt ripples increases the bed shear stress by 4 times due to the additional bed roughness. A “fluffy layer” overlies the consolidated seabed, therefore, net seabed erosion occurs after the “fluffy layer” is resuspended. A representative critical bed shear stress for net seabed erosion in the study area was found to be 0.8 Pa. The echo sounder can be an alternative tool for observing silt ripples in coastal regions like the Yellow River Delta where the water is too turbid for underwater videos. The proposed model infers silt-ripple features from bed grain size and flow condition and provides a quick estimate for bed roughness improving the understanding on sediment transport.

KeywordsBed elevation; Ripple height; Waves and currents; Tripod platform; Field observation; The yellow river delta
Year01 Jan 2023
JournalJournal of Hydrology
Journal citation626, pp. 1-15
PublisherElsevier Science BV
ISSN0022-1694
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130354
Web address (URL)https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169423012969
Open accessPublished as non-open access
Research or scholarlyResearch
Page range1-15
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Output statusPublished
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PrintNov 2023
Publication process dates
Accepted05 Oct 2023
Deposited19 Aug 2024
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© 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Place of publicationNetherlands
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