Predictors of response rates of safety culture questionnaires in healthcare : a systematic review and analysis

Journal article


Ellis, Louise A., Pomare, Chiara, Churruca, Kate, Carrigan, Ann, Meulenbroeks, Isabelle, Saba, Maree and Braithwaite, Jeffrey. (2022). Predictors of response rates of safety culture questionnaires in healthcare : a systematic review and analysis. BMJ Open. 12(9), pp. 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065320
AuthorsEllis, Louise A., Pomare, Chiara, Churruca, Kate, Carrigan, Ann, Meulenbroeks, Isabelle, Saba, Maree and Braithwaite, Jeffrey
Abstract

Objectives: Safety culture questionnaires are widely used in healthcare to understand how staff feel at work, their attitudes and views, and the influence this has on safe and high-quality patient care. A known challenge of safety culture questionnaires is achieving high response rates to enhance reliability and validity. This review examines predictors of response rates, explores reasons provided for low response rates and identifies strategies to improve those rates.

Methods: Four bibliometric databases were searched for studies assessing safety culture in hospitals from January 2008 to May 2022. Data were extracted from 893 studies that included a safety culture questionnaire conducted in the hospital setting. Regression was used to predict response rate based on recruitment and data collection methods (incentives, reminders, method of survey administration) and country income classification. Reasons for low response were thematically analysed and used to identify strategies to improve response rates.

Results: Of the 893 studies that used a questionnaire to assess safety culture in hospitals, 75.6% reported a response rate. Response rates varied from 4.2% to 100%, with a mean response rate of 66.5% (SD=21.0). Regression analyses showed that safety culture questionnaires conducted in low-income and middle-income countries were significantly more likely to yield a higher response rate compared with high-income countries. Mode of administration, questionnaire length and timing of administration were identified as key factors. Remote methods of questionnaire data collection (electronic and by post) were significantly less likely to result in a higher response rate. Reasons provided for low response included: survey fatigue, time constraints, and lack of resources.

Conclusion: This review presents strategies for researchers and hospital staff to implement when conducting safety culture questionnaires: principally, distribute questionnaires in-person, during meetings or team training sessions; use a local champion; and consider the appropriate time of distribution to manage survey fatigue.

Keywordssafety culture questionnaire; response rates; staff well-being; patient care; patient safety; survey fatigue
Year01 Jan 2022
JournalBMJ Open
Journal citation12 (9), pp. 1-7
PublisherBMJ GROUP
ISSN2044-6055
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065320
Web address (URL)https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/9/e065320
Open accessOpen access
Research or scholarlyResearch
Page range1-7
Publisher's version
License
File Access Level
Open
Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Online16 Sep 2022
Publication process dates
Accepted17 Aug 2022
Deposited26 Sep 2024
Additional information

© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

Place of publicationUnited Kingdom
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