Predictors of response rates of safety culture questionnaires in healthcare : a systematic review and analysis
Journal article
Ellis, Louise A., Pomare, Chiara, Churruca, Kate, Carrigan, Ann, Meulenbroeks, Isabelle, Saba, Maree and Braithwaite, Jeffrey. (2022). Predictors of response rates of safety culture questionnaires in healthcare : a systematic review and analysis. BMJ Open. 12(9), pp. 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065320
Authors | Ellis, Louise A., Pomare, Chiara, Churruca, Kate, Carrigan, Ann, Meulenbroeks, Isabelle, Saba, Maree and Braithwaite, Jeffrey |
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Abstract | Objectives: Safety culture questionnaires are widely used in healthcare to understand how staff feel at work, their attitudes and views, and the influence this has on safe and high-quality patient care. A known challenge of safety culture questionnaires is achieving high response rates to enhance reliability and validity. This review examines predictors of response rates, explores reasons provided for low response rates and identifies strategies to improve those rates. Methods: Four bibliometric databases were searched for studies assessing safety culture in hospitals from January 2008 to May 2022. Data were extracted from 893 studies that included a safety culture questionnaire conducted in the hospital setting. Regression was used to predict response rate based on recruitment and data collection methods (incentives, reminders, method of survey administration) and country income classification. Reasons for low response were thematically analysed and used to identify strategies to improve response rates. Results: Of the 893 studies that used a questionnaire to assess safety culture in hospitals, 75.6% reported a response rate. Response rates varied from 4.2% to 100%, with a mean response rate of 66.5% (SD=21.0). Regression analyses showed that safety culture questionnaires conducted in low-income and middle-income countries were significantly more likely to yield a higher response rate compared with high-income countries. Mode of administration, questionnaire length and timing of administration were identified as key factors. Remote methods of questionnaire data collection (electronic and by post) were significantly less likely to result in a higher response rate. Reasons provided for low response included: survey fatigue, time constraints, and lack of resources. Conclusion: This review presents strategies for researchers and hospital staff to implement when conducting safety culture questionnaires: principally, distribute questionnaires in-person, during meetings or team training sessions; use a local champion; and consider the appropriate time of distribution to manage survey fatigue. |
Keywords | safety culture questionnaire; response rates; staff well-being; patient care; patient safety; survey fatigue |
Year | 01 Jan 2022 |
Journal | BMJ Open |
Journal citation | 12 (9), pp. 1-7 |
Publisher | BMJ GROUP |
ISSN | 2044-6055 |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065320 |
Web address (URL) | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/9/e065320 |
Open access | Open access |
Research or scholarly | Research |
Page range | 1-7 |
Publisher's version | License File Access Level Open |
Output status | Published |
Publication dates | |
Online | 16 Sep 2022 |
Publication process dates | |
Accepted | 17 Aug 2022 |
Deposited | 26 Sep 2024 |
Additional information | © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. |
This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. | |
Place of publication | United Kingdom |
https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/item/90yq9/predictors-of-response-rates-of-safety-culture-questionnaires-in-healthcare-a-systematic-review-and-analysis
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Publisher's version
OA_Carrigan_2022_Predictors_of_response_rates_of_safety.pdf | |
License: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 | |
File access level: Open |
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