Intermittent fasting, energy balance and associated health outcomes in adults : Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Journal article


Templeman, Iain, Thompson, Dylan, Gonzalez, Javier T., Walhin, Jean-Philippe, Reeves, Sue, Rogers, Phoebe, Brunstrom, Jeffrey M., Karagounis, Leonidas, Tsintzas, Kostas and Betts, James A.. (2018). Intermittent fasting, energy balance and associated health outcomes in adults : Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 19(1), pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-018-2451-8
AuthorsTempleman, Iain, Thompson, Dylan, Gonzalez, Javier T., Walhin, Jean-Philippe, Reeves, Sue, Rogers, Phoebe, Brunstrom, Jeffrey M., Karagounis, Leonidas, Tsintzas, Kostas and Betts, James A.
Abstract

Background: Prior studies have shown that intermittent fasting is capable of producing improvements in body weight and fasted health markers. However, the extent to which intermittent fasting incurs compensatory changes in the components of energy balance and its impact on postprandial metabolism are yet to be ascertained.

Methods: A total of 30–36 lean participants and 30–36 overweight/obese participants will be recruited to provide two separate study groups who will undergo the same protocol. Following an initial assessment of basic anthropometry and key health markers, measurements of habitual energy intake (weighed food and fluid intake) and physical activity energy expenditure (combined heart rate and accelerometry) will be obtained over 4 weeks under conditions of energy balance. Participants will then be randomly allocated to one of three experimental conditions for 20 days, namely (1) daily calorie restriction (reduce habitual daily energy intake by 25%), (2) intermittent fasting with calorie restriction (alternate between 24-hour periods of fasting and feeding to 150% of habitual daily energy intake), (3) intermittent fasting without calorie restriction (alternate between 24-hour periods of fasting and feeding to 200% of habitual daily energy intake). In addition to continued monitoring of energy intake and physical activity during the intervention, participants will report for laboratory-based assessments of various metabolic parameters both before and after the intervention. Specifically, fasting and postprandial measurements of resting metabolic rate, substrate oxidation, appetite, food preference, and plasma concentrations of key metabolites and hormones will be made, in addition to subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue biopsies in the fasted state and an assessment of body composition via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.

Discussion: Comparing observed changes in these measures across the three intervention arms in each group will establish the impact of intermittent fasting on postprandial metabolism and the components of energy balance in both lean and overweight/obese populations. Furthermore, this will be benchmarked against current nutritional interventions for weight management and the relative contributions of negative energy balance and fasting-dependent mechanisms in inducing any observed effects will be elucidated.

Trial registration: Trial retrospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov under reference number NCT02498002 (version: IMF-02, date: July 6, 2015).

KeywordsIntermittent fasting; Calorie restriction; Energy balance; Obesity; Metabolism; Physical activity; Body composition; Postprandial
Year01 Jan 2018
JournalTrials
Journal citation19 (1), pp. 1-11
PublisherBioMed Central Ltd.
ISSN1745-6215
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-018-2451-8
Web address (URL)https://trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13063-018-2451-8
Open accessOpen access
Research or scholarlyResearch
Page range1-11
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License
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Open
Output statusPublished
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Deposited14 Nov 2024
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© The Author(s). 2018

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

Place of publicationUnited Kingdom
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