Improving stroke Emergency Department nursing care : The Code Stroke 2.0 pre-test/post-test feasibility study

Journal article

Jones, Brett, Fasugba, Oyebola, Dale, Simeon, Burrows, Chris, John, Manju, Doncillo, Mary, Wright, Simogne, Lueck, Christian, D'Este, Catherine, McElduff, Ben, McInnes, Elizabeth and Middleton, Sandy. (2023). Improving stroke Emergency Department nursing care : The Code Stroke 2.0 pre-test/post-test feasibility study. Collegian. 30(5), pp. 736-743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2023.04.002
AuthorsJones, Brett, Fasugba, Oyebola, Dale, Simeon, Burrows, Chris, John, Manju, Doncillo, Mary, Wright, Simogne, Lueck, Christian, D'Este, Catherine, McElduff, Ben, McInnes, Elizabeth and Middleton, Sandy
Abstract

Background
Activation of an acute ‘Code Stroke’ pathway on hospital arrival improves thrombolysis rates. Whilst post-stroke protocols to manage fever, hyperglycaemia, and dysphagia (Fever, Sugar and Swallow (FeSS) Protocols) have been shown to reduce death and dependency, facilitated implementation in Emergency Department (ED) has been difficult.

Aim
To evaluate if an expanded role for an Acute Stroke Nurse improves Code Stroke activation, increases FeSS Protocol uptake in ED, and results in faster stroke unit transfer.

Methods
A pre-test/post-test feasibility study undertaken in an Australian ED. Intervention comprised an expanded Acute Stroke Nurse role who instigated FeSS Protocol care or supported ED clinicians to use the protocols. Logistic regression analyses compared outcomes pre-test/post-test intervention. Subgroup analysis examined intervention effect during business hours.

Findings
There were 117 patients each in the pre-intervention and post-intervention cohorts (n = 234). Post-intervention patients had significantly more Code Stroke activations (pre: 7%, post: 62%), temperature at ED arrival (pre: 62%, post: 78%), formal blood glucose (pre: 55%, post: 98%), fewer oral medications administered before swallow screening (pre: 31%, post: 14%), more stroke unit transfers within 4 h from ED arrival (pre: 26%, post: 41%), and thrombolysis screening (pre: 53%, post: 80%). Subgroup analysis during business hours showed significant improvement in Code Stroke activations (pre: 10%, post: 79%), formal blood glucose testing (pre: 57%, post: 98%), reduced oral medications before swallow screening (pre: 24%, post: 9%), and thrombolysis screening (pre: 45%, post: 82%).

Conclusion
Expanding the Acute Stroke Nurse role to support ED staff during Code Stroke was associated with improved stroke care processes. Our findings highlight potential for successful implementation of this model across multiple hospitals to improve patient outcomes.

Keywordsblood glucose; dysphagia; emergency department; fever; nurse specialist; stroke
Year2023
JournalCollegian
Journal citation30 (5), pp. 736-743
PublisherElsevier Ltd
ISSN1322-7696
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2023.04.002
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85163409296
Open accessPublished as ‘gold’ (paid) open access
Page range736-743
Publisher's version
License
File Access Level
Open
Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Online21 Sep 2023
Publication process dates
Accepted10 Apr 2023
Deposited02 Apr 2025
Additional information

© 2023 Australian College of Nursing Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Cadilhac, Dominique A., Kim, Joosup, Cloud, Geoffrey, Anderson, Craig S., Tod, Emma K., Breen, Sibilah J., Faux, Steven, Kleinig, Timothy, Castley, Helen, Lindley, Richard I., Middleton, Sandy, Yan, Bernard, Hill, Kelvin, Jones, Brett, Shah, Darshan, Jaques, Katherine, Clissold, Benjamin, Campbell, Bruce and Lannin, Natasha A.. (2022). Effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the quality of stroke care in stroke units and alternative wards : A national comparative analysis. Journal of Stroke. 24(1), pp. 79-87. https://doi.org/10.5853/jos.2021.02530
Which strategies support the effective use of clinical practice guidelines and clinical quality registry data to inform health service delivery? A systematic review
Dempsey, Kathy, Ferguson, Caleb, Walczak, Adam, Middleton, Sandy, Levi, Chris, Morton, Rachael L. and on behalf of The Australian Health Research Alliance (AHRA) Health System Improvement and Sustainability Working Group members. (2022). Which strategies support the effective use of clinical practice guidelines and clinical quality registry data to inform health service delivery? A systematic review. Systematic Reviews. 11(1), p. Article 237. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-022-02104-1
A stepped-wedge cluster-randomized trial to improve adherence to evidence-based practices for acute stroke management
Cadilhac, Dominique A., Marion, Violet, Andrew, Nadine E., Breen, Sibilah J., Grabsch, Brenda, Purvis, Tara, Morrison, Julie L., Lannin, Natasha A., Grimley, Rohan S., Middleton, Sandy and Kilkenny, Monique F.. (2022). A stepped-wedge cluster-randomized trial to improve adherence to evidence-based practices for acute stroke management. The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety. 48(12), pp. 653-664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjq.2022.09.003
Organisational survey for acute stroke care in Vietnam : Regional Collaboration Programme
Phan, Hoang T., Nguyen, Thang H., Watkins, Caroline, Lightbody, Elizabeth, Boaden, Elizabeth, Georgiou, Rachel, Middleton, Sandy, Dale, Simeon, Kilkenny, Monique F., Pandian, Jeyaraj, Grimley, Rohan S., Nguyen, Trung Q. and Cadilhac, Dominique A.. (2022). Organisational survey for acute stroke care in Vietnam : Regional Collaboration Programme. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases. 31(11), p. Article 106792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106792
Scoping review : Scope of practice of nurse-led services and access to care for people experiencing homelessness
McWilliams, Lucy, Paisi, Martha, Middleton, Sandra Jane, Shawe, Jill, Thornton, Anna, Larkin, Matthew, Taylor, Joanne and Currie, Jane. (2022). Scoping review : Scope of practice of nurse-led services and access to care for people experiencing homelessness. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 78(11), pp. 3587-3606. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.15387
Treatment fidelity monitoring, reporting and findings in a complex aphasia intervention trial : A substudy of the Very Early Rehabilitation in SpEech (VERSE) trial
Godecke, Erin, Brogan, Emily, Ciccone, Natalie, Rose, Miranda L., Armstrong, Elizabeth, Whitworth, Anne, Ellery, Fiona, Holland, Audrey, Middleton, Sandy, Rai, Tapan, Hankey, Graeme J., Cadilhac, Dominique A. and Bernhardt, Julie. (2022). Treatment fidelity monitoring, reporting and findings in a complex aphasia intervention trial : A substudy of the Very Early Rehabilitation in SpEech (VERSE) trial. Trials. 23(1), p. Article 501. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-022-06433-3
Living clinical guidelines for stroke : Updates, challenges and opportunities
English, Carolie, Hill, Kelvin, Cadilhac, Dominique A., Hackett, Maree L., Lannin, Natasha A., Middleton, Sandy, Ranta, Annemarei, Stocks, Nigel P., Davey, Julie, Faux, Steven G., Godecke, Erin and Campbell, Bruce C. V.. (2022). Living clinical guidelines for stroke : Updates, challenges and opportunities. Medical Journal of Australia. 216(10), pp. 510-514. https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.51520
Implementation of a hospital-wide multidisciplinary blunt chest injury care bundle (ChIP) : Fidelity of delivery evaluation
Kourouche, Sarah, Curtis, Kate, Munroe, Belinda, Asha, Stephen Edward, Carey, Ian, Considine, Julie, Fry, Margaret, Lyons, Jack, Middleton, Sandy, Mitchell, Rebecca, Shaban, Ramon Z., Unsworth, Annalise and Buckley, Thomas. (2022). Implementation of a hospital-wide multidisciplinary blunt chest injury care bundle (ChIP) : Fidelity of delivery evaluation. Australian Critical Care. 35(2), pp. 113-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2021.04.003
Influence of including patients with pre-morbid disability in acute stroke trials : The HeadPoST experience
Wang, Xia, Moullaali, Tom J., Ouyang, Menglu, Billot, Laurent, Sandset, Else Charlotte, Song, Lili, Delcourt, Candice, Hackett, Maree L., Watkins, Caroline L., Robinson, Thompson G., Yang, Jie, Lavados, Pablo M., Brunser, Alejandro, Olavarría, Verónica V., Muñoz-Venturelli, Paula, Arima, Hisatomi, Middleton, Sandy, Pontes-Neto, Octávio M., Pandian, Jeyaraj Durai, ... Anderson, Craig S.. (2021). Influence of including patients with pre-morbid disability in acute stroke trials : The HeadPoST experience. Cerebrovascular Diseases. 50(1), pp. 78-87. https://doi.org/10.1159/000512608
Factors associated with arrival by ambulance for patients with stroke : A multicentre, national data linkage study
Eliakundu, Amminadab L., Cadilhac, Dominique A., Kim, Joosup, Andrew, Nadine E., Bladin, Christopher F., Grimley, Rohan, Dewey, Helen M., Donnan, Geoffrey A., Hill, Kelvin, Levi, Christopher R., Middleton, Sandy, Anderson, Craig S., Lannin, Natasha A. and Kilkenny, Monique F.. (2021). Factors associated with arrival by ambulance for patients with stroke : A multicentre, national data linkage study. Australasian Emergency Care. 24(3), pp. 167-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.auec.2021.01.002
Screening for aspiration risk associated with dysphagia in acutestroke (Review)
Boaden, Elizabeth, Burnell, Jane, Hives, Lucy, Dey, Paola, Clegg, Andrew, Lyons, Mary W., Lightbody, C. Elizabeth, Hurley, Margaret A., Roddam, Hazel, McInnes, Elizabeth, Alexandrov, Anne and Watkins, Caroline L.. (2021). Screening for aspiration risk associated with dysphagia in acutestroke (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021(10), p. Article CD012679. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012679.pub2
Effectiveness of meatal cleaning in the prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections and bacteriuria : An updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Mitchell, Brett, Curryer, Cassie, Holliday, Elizabeth G., Rickard, Claire and Fasugba, Oyebola. (2021). Effectiveness of meatal cleaning in the prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections and bacteriuria : An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 11(6), p. Article e046817. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046817
Care of the patient with acute ischemic stroke (posthyperacute and prehospital discharge) : Update to 2009 Comprehensive Nursing Care Scientific Statement : A scientific statement from the American Heart Association
Green, Theresa L., McNair, Norma D., Hinkle, Janice L., Middleton, Sandy, Miller, Elaine T., Perrin, Stacy, Power, Martha, Southerland, Andrew M. and Summers, Debbie V.. (2021). Care of the patient with acute ischemic stroke (posthyperacute and prehospital discharge) : Update to 2009 Comprehensive Nursing Care Scientific Statement : A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Stroke. 52(5), pp. e179-e197. https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0000000000000357
Stroke care equity in rural and remote areas - novel strategies
Walter, Silke, Fassbender, Klaus, Easton, Damien, Schwarz, Madeleine, Gardiner, Fergus W., Langenberg, Francesca, Santos, Angela Dos, Bil, Cees, Fox, Kate, Bishop, Lara, Coote, Skye, Zhao, Henry, Middleton, Sandy, Bladin, Christopher, Davis, Stephen M. and Donnan, Geoffrey A.. (2021). Stroke care equity in rural and remote areas - novel strategies. Vessel Plus. 5(27), pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.20517/2574-1209.2020.102
Are clinicians using routinely collected data to drive practice improvement? A cross-sectional survey
Gawthorne, Julie, Fasugba, Oyebola, Levi, Chris, McInnes, Elizabeth, Ferguson, Caleb, McNeil, John J., Cadilhac, Dominique A., Everett, Bronwyn, Fernandez, Ritin, Fry, Margaret, Goldsmith, Helen, Hickman, Louise, Jackson, Debra, Maguire, Jane, Murray, Edel, Perry, Lin and Middleton, Sandy. (2021). Are clinicians using routinely collected data to drive practice improvement? A cross-sectional survey. International Journal for Quality in Health Care. 33(4), pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzab141
Impact of a care bundle for patients with blunt chest injury (ChIP) : A multicentre controlled implementation evaluation
Curtis, Kate, Kourouche, Sarah, Asha, Stephen, Considine, Julie, Fry, Margaret, Middleton, Sandy, Mitchell, Rebecca, Munroe, Belinda, Shaban, Ramon Z., D'Amato, Alfa, Skinner, Clare, Wiseman, Glen and Buckley, Thomas. (2021). Impact of a care bundle for patients with blunt chest injury (ChIP) : A multicentre controlled implementation evaluation. PLoS ONE. 16(10), p. Article e0256027. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256027
Understanding coordinator roles in acute stroke care : A national survey
Purvis, Tara, Middleton, Sandy, Alexandrov, Anne W., Kilkenny, Monique F., Coote, Skye, Kuhle, Sarah and Cadilhac, Dominique A.. (2021). Understanding coordinator roles in acute stroke care : A national survey. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases. 30(12), p. Article 106111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.106111
Oral care practices in stroke : Findings from the UK and Australia
Bangee, Munirah, Martinez-Garduno, Cintia Mayel, Brady, Marian C., Cadilhac, Dominique A., Dale, Simeon, Hurley, Margaret A., McInnes, Elizabeth, Middleton, Sandy, Patel, Tahera, Watkins, Caroline L. and Lightbody, Elizabeth. (2021). Oral care practices in stroke : Findings from the UK and Australia. BMC Nursing. 20(1), p. Article 169. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-021-00642-y
Beds, overlays and mattresses for preventing and treating pressure ulcers: an overview of Cochrane Reviews and network meta-analysis
Shi, Chunhu, Dumville, Jo, Cullum, Nicky, Rhodes, Sarah, McInnes, Elizabeth Catherine, Goh, En Lin and Norman, Gill. (2021). Beds, overlays and mattresses for preventing and treating pressure ulcers: an overview of Cochrane Reviews and network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 8, p. Article: CD013761. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013761.pub2
Understanding the role of external facilitation to drive quality improvement for stroke care in hospitals
Thayabaranathan, Tharshanah, Andrew, Nadine E., Grimley, Rohan, Stroil-Salama, Enna, Grabsch, Brenda, Hill, Kelvin, Cadigan, Greg, Purvis, Tara, Middleton, Sandy, Kilkenny, Monique F. and Cadilhac, Dominique A.. (2021). Understanding the role of external facilitation to drive quality improvement for stroke care in hospitals. Healthcare. 9(9), p. Article 1095. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091095
Oxygen desaturation and adverse outcomes in acute stroke : Secondary analysis of the HeadPoST study
Ouyang, Menglu, Roffe, Christine, Billot, Laurent, Song, Lili, Wang, Xia, Munoz-Venturelli, Paula, Lavados, Pablo M., Robinson, Thompson, Middleton, Sandy, Olavarría, Verónica V., Watkins, Caroline L., Lee, Tsong-Hai, Brunser, Alejandro M., Pontes-Neto, Octavio M., Hackett, Maree L. and Anderson, Craig S.. (2021). Oxygen desaturation and adverse outcomes in acute stroke : Secondary analysis of the HeadPoST study. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery. 207, p. Article 106796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106796
Altering the rehabilitation environment to improve stroke survivor activity : A Phase II trial
Janssen, Heidi, Ada, Louise, Middleton, Sandy, Pollack, Michael, Nilsson, Michael, Churilov, Leonid, Blennerhassett, Jannette M., Faux, Steven, New, Peter, McCluskey, Annie, Spratt, Neil J. and Bernhardt, Julie. (2021). Altering the rehabilitation environment to improve stroke survivor activity : A Phase II trial. International Journal of Stroke. 17(3), pp. 299-307. https://doi.org/10.1177/17474930211006999
Reactive air surfaces for preventing pressure ulcers (review)
Shi, C., Dumville, J. C., Cullum, N., Rhodes, S., Leung, V. and McInnes, E.. (2021). Reactive air surfaces for preventing pressure ulcers (review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021(5), p. Article CD013622. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013622.pub2
The frequency of urinary tract infections and the value of antiseptics in community-dwelling people who undertake intermittent urinary catheterization : A systematic review
Mitchell, Brett G., Prael, Grace, Curryer, Cassie, Russo, Philip L., Fasugba, Oyebola, Lowthian, Judy, Cheng, Allen C., Archibold, Jemma, Robertson, Mark and Kiernan, Martin. (2021). The frequency of urinary tract infections and the value of antiseptics in community-dwelling people who undertake intermittent urinary catheterization : A systematic review. American Journal of Infection Control. 49(8), pp. 1058-1065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2021.01.009
The role of stroke nurses in thrombolysis administration in Australia and the United Kingdom : A cross-sectional survey of current practice
Hamilton, H., Dale, Simeon, McElduff, Benjamin, Craig, L., Fasugba, Oyebola, McInnes, Elizabeth, Alexandrov, Anne W., Cadilhac, Dominique A., Lightbody, Elizabeth, Watkins, Caroline and Middleton, Sandra. (2021). The role of stroke nurses in thrombolysis administration in Australia and the United Kingdom : A cross-sectional survey of current practice. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 31(1-2), pp. 158-166. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15892
Can emergency nurses safely and effectively insert fascia iliaca blocks in patients with a fractured neck of femur? A prospective cohort study in an Australian emergency department
Gawthorne, Julie, Stevens, Jennifer, Faux, Steven G., Leung, Julie, McInnes, Elizabeth, Fasugba, Oyebola, McElduff, Benjamin and Middleton, Sandy. (2021). Can emergency nurses safely and effectively insert fascia iliaca blocks in patients with a fractured neck of femur? A prospective cohort study in an Australian emergency department. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 30(23-24), pp. 3611-3622. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15883
Barriers and enablers to implementing hospital-acquired urinary tract infection prevention strategies : A qualitative study using the Theoretical Domains Framework
Fasugba, O., McInnes, E., Baye, J., Cheng, H., Gordon, R. and Middleton, S.. (2021). Barriers and enablers to implementing hospital-acquired urinary tract infection prevention strategies : A qualitative study using the Theoretical Domains Framework. Journal of Hospital Infection. 113, pp. 172-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2021.03.028
Repositioning for pressure injury prevention in adults: An abridged Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis
Gillespie, Brigid M., Walker, Rachel M., Latimer, Sharon L., Thalib, Lukman, Whitty, Jennifer A., McInnes, Elizabeth, Lockwood, Ishtar and Chaboyer, Wendy P.. (2021). Repositioning for pressure injury prevention in adults: An abridged Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 120, p. Article 103976. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.103976
Protocol of a randomized controlled trial investigating the effectiveness of recovery-focused community support to avoid readmissions and improve participation after stroke (ReCAPS)
Cadilhac, Dominique A., Cameron, Jan, Kilkenny, Monique F., Andrew, Nadine E., Harris, Dawn, Ellery, Fiona, Thrift, Amanda G., Purvis, Tara, Kneebone, Ian, Dewey, Helen, Drummond, Avril, Hackett, Maree, Grimley, Rohan, Middleton, Sandy, Thijs, Vincent, Cloud, Geoffrey, Carey, Mariko, Butler, Ernest, Ma, Henry, ... Lannin, Natasha A.. (2021). Protocol of a randomized controlled trial investigating the effectiveness of recovery-focused community support to avoid readmissions and improve participation after stroke (ReCAPS). International Journal of Stroke. 17(2), pp. 236-241. https://doi.org/10.1177/17474930211022678
Foam surfaces for preventing pressure ulcers (Review)
Shi, C., Dumville, J. C., Cullum, N., Rhodes, S. and McInnes, E.. (2021). Foam surfaces for preventing pressure ulcers (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. (5), p. Article CD013621. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013621.pub2
Alternating pressure (active) air surfaces for preventing pressure ulcers
Shi, C., Dumville, J. C., Cullum, N., Rhodes, S., Jammali-Blasi, A. and McInnes, E.. (2021). Alternating pressure (active) air surfaces for preventing pressure ulcers. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. (5), pp. 1-164. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013620.pub2
Self-care research : Where are we now? Where are we going?
Riegel, Barbara, Dunbar, Sandra B., Fitzsimons, Donna, Freedland, Kenneth E., Lee, Christopher S., Middleton, Sandy, Stromberg, Anna, Vellone, Ercole, Webber, David E. and Jaarsma, Tiny. (2021). Self-care research : Where are we now? Where are we going? International Journal of Nursing Studies. 116, p. Article 103402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.103402
Self-care research : How to grow the evidence base? (reprint)
Jaarsma, T., Strömberg, A., Dunbar, S. B., Fitzsimons, D., Lee, C., Middleton, S., Vellone, E., Freedland, K. E. and Riegel, B.. (2021). Self-care research : How to grow the evidence base? (reprint). International Journal of Nursing Studies. 116, p. Article 103903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.103903
Fatal and nonfatal events within 14 days after early, intensive mobilization poststroke
Bernhardt, Julie, Borschmann, Karen, Collier, Janice M., Thrift, Amanda G., Langhorne, Peter, Middleton, Sandy, Lindley, Richard I., Dewey, Helen M., Bath, Philip, Said, Catherine M., Churilov, Leonid, Ellery, Fiona, Bladin, Christopher, Reid, Christopher M., Frayne, Judith H., Srikanth, Velandai, Reid, Stephen J. and Donnan, Geoffrey A.. (2021). Fatal and nonfatal events within 14 days after early, intensive mobilization poststroke. Neurology. 96(8), pp. 1156-1166. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000011106
The quality and clinical applicability of recommendations in pressure injury guidelines : A systematic review of clinical practice guidelines
Gillespie, Brigid M., Latimer, Sharon, Walker, Rachel M., McInnes, Elizabeth, Moore, Zena, Eskes, Anne M., Li, Zhaoyu, Schoonhoven, Lisette, Boorman, Rhonda J. and Chaboyer, Wendy. (2021). The quality and clinical applicability of recommendations in pressure injury guidelines : A systematic review of clinical practice guidelines. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 115, p. 103857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103857
COVID-19 pandemic impact on care for stroke in Australia : Emerging evidence from the Australian Stroke Clinical Registry
Cadilhac, Dominique A., Kim, Joosup, Tod, Emma K., Morrison, Julie L., Breen, Sibilah J., Jaques, Katherine, Grimley, Rohan, Jones, Brett, Cloud, Geoffrey C., Kleinig, Timothy, Hillier, Susan, Castley, Helen, Lindley, Richard I., Lannin, Natasha A., Middleton, Sandy, Yan, Bernard, Hill, Kelvin, Clissold, Benjamin B., Mitchell, Peter J., ... the AuSCR Covid-Reporting Consortium Group. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic impact on care for stroke in Australia : Emerging evidence from the Australian Stroke Clinical Registry. Frontiers in Neurology. 12, p. Article 621495. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.621495
Alternative reactive support surfaces (non-foam and non-air-filled) for preventing pressure ulcers
Shi, C., Dumville, J. C., Cullum, N., Rhodes, S. and McInnes, E.. (2021). Alternative reactive support surfaces (non-foam and non-air-filled) for preventing pressure ulcers. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. (5), pp. 1-121. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013623.pub2
Beds, overlays and mattresses for treating pressure ulcers
Shi, C., Dumville, J. C., Cullum, N., Rhodes, S., Jammali-Blasi, A., Ramsden, V. and McInnes, E.. (2021). Beds, overlays and mattresses for treating pressure ulcers. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. (5), pp. 1-100. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013624.pub2
Low blood pressure and adverse outcomes in acute stroke : HeadPoST study explanations
Ouyang, Menglu, Muñoz-Venturelli, Paula, Billot, Laurent, Wang, Xia, Song, Lili, Arima, Hisatomi, Lavados, Pablo M., Hackett, Maree L., Olavarría, Verónica V., Brunser, Alejandro, Middleton, Sandy, Pontes-Neto, Octavio M., Lee, Tsong-Hai, Watkins, Caroline L., Robinson, Thompson and Anderson, Craig S.. (2021). Low blood pressure and adverse outcomes in acute stroke : HeadPoST study explanations. Journal of Hypertension. 39(2), pp. 273-279. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000002649
The prevalence and impact of unprofessional behaviour among hospital workers : A survey in seven Australian hospitals
Westbrook, Johanna, Sunderland, Neroli, Li, Ling, Koyama, Alain, McMullan, Ryan, Urwin, Rachel, Churruca, Kate, Baysari, Melissa T., Jones, Catherine, Loh, Erwin, McInnes, Elizabeth C., Middleton, Sandy and Braithwaite, Jeffrey. (2021). The prevalence and impact of unprofessional behaviour among hospital workers : A survey in seven Australian hospitals. Medical Journal of Australia. 214(1), pp. 31-37. https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.50849
Measuring organizational context in Australian emergency departments and its impact on stroke care and patient outcomes
Schadewaldt, Verena, McElduff, Benjamin, D'Este, Catherine, McInnes, Elizabeth, Dale, Simeon, Fasugba, Oyebola, Cadilhac, Dominique A., Considine, Julie, Grimshaw, Jeremy M., Cheung, N. Wah, Levi, Chris, Gerraty, Richard, Fitzgerald, Mark and Middleton, Sandy. (2021). Measuring organizational context in Australian emergency departments and its impact on stroke care and patient outcomes. Nursing Outlook. 69(1), pp. 103-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2020.08.009
Routine glucose assessment in the emergency department for detecting unrecognised diabetes : A cluster randomised trial [Letter]
Cheung, N. Wah, Campbell, Lesley V. and Middleton, Sandy. (2020). Routine glucose assessment in the emergency department for detecting unrecognised diabetes : A cluster randomised trial [Letter] John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.50549
Alternating pressure (active) air surfaces for preventing pressure ulcers (protocol)
Shi, Chunhu, Dumville, Jo C., Cullum, Nicky, Rhodes, Sarah and McInnes, Elizabeth. (2020). Alternating pressure (active) air surfaces for preventing pressure ulcers (protocol). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 201(5), pp. 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013620
Beds, overlays and mattresses for preventing and treating pressure ulcers : An overview of Cochrane reviews and network meta-analysis (Protocol)
Shi, Chunhu, Dumville, Jo C., Cullum, Nicky, Rhodes, Sarah and McInnes, Elizabeth. (2020). Beds, overlays and mattresses for preventing and treating pressure ulcers : An overview of Cochrane reviews and network meta-analysis (Protocol) . Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020(10), p. Article CD013761. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013761
Self-care research : How to grow the evidence base?
Jaarsma, T., Strömberg, A., Dunbar, S. B., Fitzsimons, D., Lee, C., Middleton, S., Vellone, E., Freedland, K. E. and Riegel, B.. (2020). Self-care research : How to grow the evidence base? International Journal of Nursing Studies. 105, p. Article 103555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103555
International translation of fever, sugar, swallow protocols : The quality in acute stroke care Europe project
Middleton, S. and Pfeilschifter, W.. (2020). International translation of fever, sugar, swallow protocols : The quality in acute stroke care Europe project. International Journal of Stroke. 15(6), pp. 591-594. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747493020915130
Where is the strength of evidence? A review of infection prevention and control guidelines
Mitchell, B. G., Fasugba, O. and Russo, P. L.. (2020). Where is the strength of evidence? A review of infection prevention and control guidelines. Journal of Hospital Infection. 105(2), pp. 242-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2020.01.008
Reactive air surfaces for preventing pressure ulcers (protocol)
Shi, Chunhu, Dumville, Jo, Cullum, Nicky, Rhodes, Sarah and McInnes, Elizabeth. (2020). Reactive air surfaces for preventing pressure ulcers (protocol). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. (5), p. CD013622. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013622
Beds and mattresses for treating pressure ulcers (Protocol)
Shi, Chunhu, Dumville, Jo, Cullum, Nicky, Rhodes, Sarah and McInnes, Elizabeth. (2020). Beds and mattresses for treating pressure ulcers (Protocol). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. (5), p. CD0136. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013624
Foam surfaces for preventing pressure ulcers
Shi, Chunhu, Dumville, Jo, Cullum, Nicky, Rhodes, Sarah and McInnes, Elizabeth. (2020). Foam surfaces for preventing pressure ulcers. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. (5), p. CD0136. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013621
Alternative reactive support surfaces (non-foam or air-filled) for preventing pressure ulcers
Shi, C., Dumville, J. C., Cullum, N., Rhodes, S. and McInnes, E.. (2020). Alternative reactive support surfaces (non-foam or air-filled) for preventing pressure ulcers. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. (5), p. CD013623.. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013623
Reporting health research translation and impact in the curriculum vitae : A survey
Boland, L., Brosseau, L., Caspar, S., Graham, I. D., Hutchinson, A. M., Kothari, A., McNamara, K., McInnes, E., Angel, M. and Stacey, D.. (2020). Reporting health research translation and impact in the curriculum vitae : A survey. Implementation Science Communications. 1, p. 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43058-020-00021-9
A randomized control trial of intensive aphasia therapy after acute stroke : The Very Early Rehabilitation for SpEech (VERSE) study
Godecke, Erin, Armstrong, Elizabeth, Rai, Tapan, Ciccone, Natalie, Rose, Miranda L., Middleton, Sandy, Whitworth, Anne, Holland, Audrey, Ellery, Fiona, Hankey, Graeme J., Cadilhac, Dominique A. and Bernhardt, Julie. (2020). A randomized control trial of intensive aphasia therapy after acute stroke : The Very Early Rehabilitation for SpEech (VERSE) study. International Journal of Stroke. 16(5), pp. 556-572. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747493020961926
A qualitative meta-synthesis investigating the experiences of the patient’s family when treatment is withdrawn in the intensive care unit
Coventry, Alysia, Ford, Rosemary, Rosenberg, John and McInnes, Elizabeth. (2020). A qualitative meta-synthesis investigating the experiences of the patient’s family when treatment is withdrawn in the intensive care unit. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 76(9), pp. 2222-2234. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14416
Repositioning for pressure injury prevention in adults (Review)
Gillespie, B. M., Walker, R. M., Latimer, S. L., Thalib, L., Whitty, J. A., McInnes, E. and Chaboyer, W. P.. (2020). Repositioning for pressure injury prevention in adults (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Issue 6, p. CD009958. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009958.pub3
Quantifying regional variations in components of acute stroke unit (ASU) care in the international HeadPoST study
Ouyang, Menglu, Zhang, Yao, Wang, Xia, Song, Lili, Billot, Laurent, Robinson, Thompson, Lavados, Pablo M., Arima, Hisatomi, Hackett, Maree L., Olavarría, Verónica V., Muñoz-Venturelli, Paula, Middleton, Sandy, Watkins, Caroline L., Pontes-Neto, Octavio M., Lee, Tsong-Hai, Brunser, Alejandro M. and Anderson, Craig S.. (2020). Quantifying regional variations in components of acute stroke unit (ASU) care in the international HeadPoST study. Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 419, p. Article 117187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2020.117187
Prognostic significance of early urinary catheterization after acute stroke : Secondary analyses of the international HeadPoST trial
Ouyang, Menglu, Billot, Laurent, Song, Lili, Wang, Xia, Roffe, Christine, Arima, Hisatomi, Lavados, Pablo M., Hackett, Maree L., Olavarría, Verónica V., Muñoz-Venturelli, Paula, Middleton, Sandy, Pontes-Neto, Octavio M., Lee, Tsong-Hai, Watkins, Caroline L., Robinson, Thompson G. and Anderson, Craig S.. (2020). Prognostic significance of early urinary catheterization after acute stroke : Secondary analyses of the international HeadPoST trial. International Journal of Stroke. 16(2), pp. 200-206. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747493020908140
Process evaluation of an implementation trial to improve the triage, treatment and transfer of stroke patients in emergency departments (T3 trial) : A qualitative study
McInnes, Elizabeth, Dale, Simeon, Craig, Louise, Phillips, Rosemary, Fasugba, Oyebola, Schadewaldt, Verena, Cheung, N. Wah, Cadilhac, Dominique A., Grimshaw, Jeremy M., Levi, Chris, Considine, Julie, McElduff, Patrick, Gerraty, Richard, Fitzgerald, Mark, Ward, Jeanette, D’Este, Catherine and Middleton, Sandy. (2020). Process evaluation of an implementation trial to improve the triage, treatment and transfer of stroke patients in emergency departments (T3 trial) : A qualitative study. Implementation Science. 15(1), p. Article 99. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-020-01057-0
Prevention and treatment of pressure injuries : A meta-synthesis of Cochrane Reviews
Walker, Rachel M., Gillespie, Brigid M., McInnes, Elizabeth, Moore, Zena, Eskes, Anne M., Patton, Declan, Harbeck, Emma L., White, Codi, Scott, Ian A. and Chaboyer, Wendy. (2020). Prevention and treatment of pressure injuries : A meta-synthesis of Cochrane Reviews. Journal of Tissue Viability. 29(4), pp. 227-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtv.2020.05.004
Preoperative and postoperative recommendations to surgical wound care interventions : A systematic meta-review of Cochrane Reviews
Gillespie, Brigid M., Walker, Rachel M., McInnes, Elizabeth, Moore, Zena, Eskes, Anne M., O'Connor, Tom, Harbeck, Emma, White, Codi, Scott, Ian A., Vermeulen, Hester and Chaboyer, Wendy. (2020). Preoperative and postoperative recommendations to surgical wound care interventions : A systematic meta-review of Cochrane Reviews. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 102, p. 103486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.103486
Patient involvement in surgical wound care research : A scoping review
Muir, Rachel, Carlini, Joan Julie, Harbeck, Emma Louise, Gillespie, Brigid Mary, Tuffaha, Haitham Wadah, Walker, Rachel Michell, McInnes, Elizabeth Catherine, Latimer, Sharon Leanne, Lin, Frances Fengzhi, Pearcy, Josh Michael and Chaboyer, Wendy Pearl. (2020). Patient involvement in surgical wound care research : A scoping review. International Wound Journal. 17(5), pp. 1462-1482. https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.13395
No benefit of flat head positioning in early moderate–severe acute ischaemic stroke : A HeadPoST study subgroup analysis
Brunser, Alejandro M., Ouyang, Menglu, Arima, Hisatomi, Lavados, Pablo M., Robinson, Thompson, Muñoz-Venturelli, Paula, Olavarría, Verónica V., Billot, Laurent, Hackett, Marre L., Song, Lili, Middleton, Sandy, Pontes-Neto, Octavio, Lee, Tsong-Hai, Watkins, Caroline and Anderson, Craig S.. (2020). No benefit of flat head positioning in early moderate–severe acute ischaemic stroke : A HeadPoST study subgroup analysis. Stroke and Vascular Neurology. 5(4), p. Article e000387. https://doi.org/10.1136/svn-2020-000387
Increased fluid intake for the prevention of urinary tract infection in adults and children in all settings : A systematic review
Fasugba, O., Mitchell, B. G., McInnes, E., Koerner, J., Cheng, A. C., Cheng, H. and Middleton, S.. (2020). Increased fluid intake for the prevention of urinary tract infection in adults and children in all settings : A systematic review. Journal of Hospital Infection. 104(1), pp. 68-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2019.08.016
Cluster-randomized trial of thrombolysis implementation support in metropolitan and regional Australian stroke centers : Lessons for individual and systems behavior change
Levi, Christopher R., Attia, John A., D'Este, Cate, Ryan, Annika E., Henskens, Frans, Kerr, Erin, Parsons, Mark William, Sanson-Fisher, Robert W., Bladin, Christopher F., Lindley, Richard I., Middleton, Sandy, Paul, Christine L. and the TIPS (Thrombolysis Implementation in Stroke) Study Group. (2020). Cluster-randomized trial of thrombolysis implementation support in metropolitan and regional Australian stroke centers : Lessons for individual and systems behavior change. Journal of the American Heart Association. 9(3), p. Article e012732. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.119.012732
Dysphagia screening and risks of pneumonia and adverse outcomes after acute stroke : An international multicenter study
Ouyang, Menglu, Boaden, Elizabeth, Arima, Hisatomi, Lavados, Pablo M., Billot, Laurent, Hackett, Maree L., Olavarria, Verónica V., Muñoz-Venturelli, Paula, Song, Lili, Rogers, Kris, Middleton, Sandy, Pontes-Neto, Octavio M., Lee, Tsong-Hai, Watkins, Caroline, Robinson, Thompson and Anderson, Craig S.. (2020). Dysphagia screening and risks of pneumonia and adverse outcomes after acute stroke : An international multicenter study. International Journal of Stroke. 15(2), pp. 206-215. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747493019858778
14th International Symposium on Thrombolysis, Thrombectomy and Acute Stroke Therapy : Proceedings and summary of discussions
Sheth, Sunil A., Lopez-Rivera, Victor, Lee, Songmi, Savitz, Sean I., Liebeskind, David S., Grotta, James C. and *Middleton, Sandy. (2019). 14th International Symposium on Thrombolysis, Thrombectomy and Acute Stroke Therapy : Proceedings and summary of discussions. International Journal of Stroke. 14(4), pp. 439-441. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747493019838760
Inclusion of a care bundle for fever, hyperglycaemia and swallow management in a National Audit for acute stroke : Evidence of upscale and spread
Purvis, Tara, Middleton, Sandy, Craig, Louise E., Kilkenny, Monique F., Dale, Simeon, Hill, Kelvin, D’Este, Catherine and Cadilhac, Dominique A.. (2019). Inclusion of a care bundle for fever, hyperglycaemia and swallow management in a National Audit for acute stroke : Evidence of upscale and spread. Implementation Science. 14(1), p. Article 87. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-019-0934-y
Reducing urinary catheter use using an electronic reminder system in hospitalized patients : A randomized stepped-wedge trial
Mitchell, Brett G., Northcote, Maria, Cheng, Allen C., Fasugba, Oyebola, Russo, Philip L. and Rosebrock, Hannah. (2019). Reducing urinary catheter use using an electronic reminder system in hospitalized patients : A randomized stepped-wedge trial. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology. 40(4), pp. 427-431. https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2019.31
Chlorhexidine versus saline in reducing the risk of catheter associated urinary tract infection : A cost-effectiveness analysis
Mitchell, Brett G., Fasugba, Oyebola, Cheng, Allen C., Gregory, Victoria, Koerner, Jane, Collignon, Peter, Gardner, Anne and Graves, Nicholas. (2019). Chlorhexidine versus saline in reducing the risk of catheter associated urinary tract infection : A cost-effectiveness analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 97, pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.04.003
Chlorhexidine for meatal cleaning in reducing catheter-associated urinary tract infections : A multicentre stepped-wedge randomised controlled trial
Fasugba, Oyebola, Cheng, Allen C., Gregory, Victoria, Graves, Nicholas, Koerner, Jane, Collignon, Peter, Gardner, Anne and Mitchell, Brett G.. (2019). Chlorhexidine for meatal cleaning in reducing catheter-associated urinary tract infections : A multicentre stepped-wedge randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Infectious diseases. 19(6), pp. 611-619. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30736-9
Incidence of single-drug resistant, multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Escherichia coli urinary tract infections : An Australian laboratory-based retrospective study
Fasugba, Oyebola, Das, Anindita, Mnatzaganian, George, Mitchell, Brett G., Collignon, Peter and Gardner, Anne. (2019). Incidence of single-drug resistant, multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Escherichia coli urinary tract infections : An Australian laboratory-based retrospective study. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance. 16, pp. 254-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2018.10.026
Review article : A primer for clinical researchers in the emergency department : Part VIII. Implementation science: An introduction
Tavender, Emma, Babl, Franz and Middleton, Sandy. (2019). Review article : A primer for clinical researchers in the emergency department : Part VIII. Implementation science: An introduction. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 31(3), pp. 332-338. https://doi.org/10.1111/1742-6723.13296
The surgical patients' pressure injury incidence (SPPII) study: A cohort study of surgical patients and processes of care
Martinez-Garduno, Cintia Mayel, Rodgers, Jane, Phillips, Rosemary, Gunaratne, Anoja, Drury, Peta and McInnes, Elizabeth Catherine. (2019). The surgical patients' pressure injury incidence (SPPII) study: A cohort study of surgical patients and processes of care. Wound Practice & Research. 27(2), pp. 120 - 128. https://doi.org/10.33235/wpr.27.2.86-94
Impact of evidence-based stroke care on patient outcomes : A multilevel analysis of an international study
Venturelli, Paula Muñoz, Li, Xian, Middleton, Sandy, Watkins, Caroline, Lavados, Pablo M., Olavarría, V. Olavarría, Brunser, Alejandro, Pontes‐Neto, Octavio, Santos, Taiza E. G., Arima, Hisatomi, Billot, Laurent, Hackett, Maree L., Song, Lily, Robinson, Thompson and Anderson, Craig S.. (2019). Impact of evidence-based stroke care on patient outcomes : A multilevel analysis of an international study. Journal of the American Heart Association. 8(13), p. Article e012640. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.119.012640
A systems change intervention for nurse-led smoking cessation care in hospitals
Malone, Victoria, Ezard, Nadine, Clifford, Brendan, Middleton, Sandy, McInnes, Elizabeth and Bonevski, Billie. (2019). A systems change intervention for nurse-led smoking cessation care in hospitals. Collegian. 26(2), pp. 235-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2018.07.007
Nurse-initiated acute stroke care in emergency departments : The triage, treatment, and transfer implementation cluster randomized controlled trial
Middleton, Sandy, Dale, Simeon, Cheung, N. Wah, Cadilhac, Dominique A., Grimshaw, Jeremy M., Levi, Chris, McInnes, Elizabeth, Considine, Julie, McElduff, Patrick, Gerraty, Richard, Craig, Louise Eisten, Schadewaldt, Verena, Fitzgerald, Mark, Quinn, Clare, Cadigan, Greg, Denisenko, Sonia, Longworth, Mark, Ward, Jeanette and D'Este, Catherine. (2019). Nurse-initiated acute stroke care in emergency departments : The triage, treatment, and transfer implementation cluster randomized controlled trial. Stroke. 50(6), pp. 1346-1355. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.020701
Elements virtual rehabilitation improves motor, cognitive, and functional outcomes in adult stroke : Evidence from a randomized controlled pilot study
Rogers, Jeffrey M., Duckworth, Jonathan, Middleton, Sandy, Steenbergen, Bert and Wilson, Peter H.. (2019). Elements virtual rehabilitation improves motor, cognitive, and functional outcomes in adult stroke : Evidence from a randomized controlled pilot study. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation. 16(56), p. Article 56. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-019-0531-y
Acute EEG patterns associated with transient ischemic attack
Rogers, Jeffrey M., Bechara, Jacob, Middleton, Sandy and Johnstone, Stuart J.. (2019). Acute EEG patterns associated with transient ischemic attack. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience. 50(3), pp. 196-204. https://doi.org/10.1177/1550059418790708
Predicting functional outcomes after stroke : An observational study of acute single-channel EEG
Rogers, Jeffrey M., Middleton, Sandy, Wilson, Peter H. and Johnstone, Stuart J.. (2019). Predicting functional outcomes after stroke : An observational study of acute single-channel EEG. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation. 27(3), pp. 161-172. https://doi.org/10.1080/10749357.2019.1673576
Pressure injury prevalence and predictors among older adults in the first 36 hours of hospitalisation
Latimer, Sharon, Chaboyer, Wendy, Thalib, Lukman, McInnes, Elizabeth Catherine, Bucknall, Tracey and Gillespie, Brigid M.. (2019). Pressure injury prevalence and predictors among older adults in the first 36 hours of hospitalisation. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 28(21 - 22), pp. 4119 - 4127. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14967
Routine glucose assessment in the emergency department for detecting unrecognised diabetes : A cluster randomised trial
Cheung, N. Wah, Campbell, Lesley V., Fulcher, Gregory R., McElduff, Patrick, Depczynski, Barbara, Acharya, Shamasunder, Carter, John, Champion, Bernard L., Chen, Roger, Chipps, David, Flack, Jeff, Kinsella, Jen, Layton, Margaret, McLean, Mark, Moses, Robert G., Park, Kris, Poynten, Ann M., Pollock, Carol, Scadden, Debbie, ... Middleton, Sandy. (2019). Routine glucose assessment in the emergency department for detecting unrecognised diabetes : A cluster randomised trial. Medical Journal of Australia. 211(10), pp. 454-459. https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.50394
Patients with heart failure with and without a history of stroke in the Netherlands : A secondary analysis of psychosocial, behavioural and clinical outcomes up to three years from the COACH trial
Ski, Chantal F., van der Wal, Martje H. L., Le Grande, Michael R., van Veldhuisen, Dirk J., Lesman-Leegte, Ivonne, Thompson, David R., Middleton, Sandy, Cameron, Jan and Jaarsma, Tiny. (2019). Patients with heart failure with and without a history of stroke in the Netherlands : A secondary analysis of psychosocial, behavioural and clinical outcomes up to three years from the COACH trial. BMJ Open. 9(8), p. Article e025525. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025525
Outcomes for patients with in-hospital stroke : A multicenter study from the Australian stroke clinical registry (AuSCR)
Cadihac, Dominique A., Kilkenny, Monique F., Lannin, Natasha A., Dewey, Helen M., Levi, Christopher R., Hill, Kelvin, Grabsch, Brenda, Grimley, Rohan, Blacker, David, Thrift, Amanda G., Middleton, Sandy, Anderson, Craig S. and Donnan, Geoffrey A.. (2019). Outcomes for patients with in-hospital stroke : A multicenter study from the Australian stroke clinical registry (AuSCR). Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases. 28(5), pp. 1302-1310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.01.026
Are service and patient indicators different in the presence or absence of nurse practitioners? The EDPRAC cohort study of Australian emergency departments
Middleton, Sandy, Gardner, Glenn, Gardner, Anne, Considine, Julie, Fitzgerald, Gerard, Christofis, Luke, Doubrovsky, Anna, Della, Phillip, Fasugba, Oyebola and D'Este, Catherine. (2019). Are service and patient indicators different in the presence or absence of nurse practitioners? The EDPRAC cohort study of Australian emergency departments. BMJ Open. 9(7), p. Article e024529. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024529
Maximising data value and avoiding data waste : A validation study in stroke research
Kilkenny, Monique F., Kim, Joosup, Andrew, Nadine E., Sundararajan, Vijaya, Thrift, Amanda G., Katzenellenbogen, Judith M., Flack, Felicity, Gattellari, Melina, Boyd, James H., Anderson, Phil, Lannin, Natasha, Sipthorp, Mark, Chen, Ying, Johnston, Trisha, Anderson, Craig S., Middleton, Sandy, Donnan, Geoffrey A. and Cadihac, Dominique A.. (2019). Maximising data value and avoiding data waste : A validation study in stroke research. Medical Journal of Australia. 210(1), pp. 27-31. https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.12029
Does the addition of non-approved inclusion and exclusion criteria for rtPA impact treatment rates? Findings in Australia, the UK, and the USA
Craig, Louise E., Middleton, Sandy, Hamilton, Helen, Cudlip, Fern, Swatzell, Victoria, Alexandrov, Andrei V., Lightbody, Elizabeth, Watkins, Caroline, Philip, Sheeba, Cadihac, Dominique A., McInnes, Elizabeth, Dale, Simeon and Alexandrov, Anne W.. (2019). Does the addition of non-approved inclusion and exclusion criteria for rtPA impact treatment rates? Findings in Australia, the UK, and the USA. Interventional Neurology. 8(1), pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1159/000493020
Weekend hospital discharge is associated with suboptimal care and outcomes : An observational Australian Stroke Clinical Registry study
Kilkenny, Monique F., Lannin, Natasha A., Levi, Christopher, Faux, Steve G., Dewey, Helen M., Grimley, Rohan, Hill, Kelvin, Grabsch, Brenda, Kim, Joosup, Hand, Peter, Crosby, Vanessa, Gardner, Michele, Rois-Gnecco, Juan, Thijs, Vincent, Anderson, Craig S., Donnan, Geoffrey A., Middleton, Sandy and Cadilhac, Dominique A.. (2019). Weekend hospital discharge is associated with suboptimal care and outcomes : An observational Australian Stroke Clinical Registry study. International Journal of Stroke. 14(4), pp. 430-438. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747493018806165
Vital sign monitoring following stroke associated with 90-day independence : A secondary analysis of the QASC cluster randomized trial
Middleton, Sandy, McElduff, Patrick, Drury, Peta, D'Este, Catherine, Cadilhac, Dominique A., Dale, Simeon, Grimshaw, Jeremy M., Ward, Jeanette, Quinn, Clare, Cheung, N. Wah and Levi, Chris. (2019). Vital sign monitoring following stroke associated with 90-day independence : A secondary analysis of the QASC cluster randomized trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 89, pp. 72-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.09.014
Blood pressure variability and outcome in acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke : A post hoc analysis of the HeadPoST study
Minhas, Jatinder S., Wang, Xia, Lavados, Pablo M., Moullaali, Tom J., Arima, Hisatomi, Billot, Laurent, Hackett, Maree L., Olavarria, Veronica V., Middleton, Sandy, Pontes-Neto, Octavio, De Silva, H. Asita, Lee, Tsong-Hai, Pandian, Jeyaraj D., Mead, Gillian E., Watkins, Caroline, Chalmers, John, Anderson, Craig S. and Robinson, Thompson G.. (2019). Blood pressure variability and outcome in acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke : A post hoc analysis of the HeadPoST study. Journal of Human Hypertension. 33(5), pp. 411-418. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41371-019-0193-z
Multicenter, prospective, controlled, before-and-after, quality improvement study (Stroke123) of acute stroke care
Cadilhac, Dominique A., Grimley, Rohan, Kilkenny, Monique F., Andrew, Nadine E., Lannin, Natasha A., Hill, Kelvin, Grabsch, Brenda, Levi, Chris, Thrift, Amanda G., Faux, Steven G., Wakefield, John, Cadigan, Greg, Donnan, Geoffrey A., Middleton, Sandy and Anderson, Craig S.. (2019). Multicenter, prospective, controlled, before-and-after, quality improvement study (Stroke123) of acute stroke care. Stroke. 50(6), pp. 1525-1530. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.023075
Validating the Alberta Context Tool in a multi-site Australian emergency department nurse population
Schadewaldt, Verena, McElduff, Benjamin, D'Este, Catherine, McInnes, Elizabeth, Dale, Simeon, Gunaratne, Anoja, Squires, Janet, Cadilhac, Dominique A. and Middleton, Sandy. (2019). Validating the Alberta Context Tool in a multi-site Australian emergency department nurse population. PLoS ONE. 14(4), p. Article e0215153. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215153
Hospital organizational context and delivery of evidence-based stroke care : A cross sectional study
Andrew, Nadine E., Middleton, Sandy, Grimley, Rohan, Anderson, Craig S., Donnan, Geoffrey A., Lannin, Natasha A., Stroil-Salama, Enna, Grabsch, Brenda, Kilkenny, Monique F., Squires, Janet E. and Cadilhac, Dominique A.. (2019). Hospital organizational context and delivery of evidence-based stroke care : A cross sectional study. Implementation Science. 14, p. Article 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-018-0849-z
Prescription of antihypertensive medication at discharge influences survival following stroke
Andrew, Nadine E., Kim, Joosup, Thrift, Amanda, Kilkenny, Monique F., Lannin, Natasha, Anderson, Craig, Donnan, Geoffrey A., Hill, Kelvin, Middleton, Sandy, Levi, Chris, Faux, Steve, Grimley, Rohan, Gange, Nisal, Geraghty, Richard, Ermel, Sharan and Cadilhac, Dominique A.. (2018). Prescription of antihypertensive medication at discharge influences survival following stroke. Neurology. 90(9), pp. e745-e753. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000005023
Development and evaluation of a website for surveillance of healthcare-associated urinary tract infections in Australia
Oyebola Fasugba, Jane Koerner, Noleen Bennett, S. Burrell, R. Laguitan, A. Hoskins, Wendy Beckingham, Brett Mitchell and Anne Gardner. (2018). Development and evaluation of a website for surveillance of healthcare-associated urinary tract infections in Australia. Journal of Hospital Infection. 99(1), pp. 98-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2018.01.006
Implementing a protocol for a research impact assessment of the Centre for Research Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery
Ramanathan, Shanthi, Reeves, Penny, Deeming, Simon, Bernhardt, Julie, Nilsson, Michael, Cadihac, Dominique A., Walker, Frederick Rohan, Carey, Leeanne, Middleton, Sandy, Lynch, Elizabeth and Searles, Andrew. (2018). Implementing a protocol for a research impact assessment of the Centre for Research Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery. Health Research Policy and Systems. 16(1), p. Article 71. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-018-0349-2
Statistical analysis plan (SAP) for the Very Early Rehabilitation in Speech (VERSE) after stroke trial : An international 3-arm clinical trial to determine the effectiveness of early, intensive, prescribed, direct aphasia therapy
Godecke, Erin, Rai, Tapan, Cadihac, Dominique A., Armstrong, Elizabeth, Middleton, Sandy, Ciccone, Natalie, Whitworth, Anne, Rose, Miranda L., Holland, Audrey, Ellery, Fiona, Hankey, Graeme J. and Bernhardt, Julie. (2018). Statistical analysis plan (SAP) for the Very Early Rehabilitation in Speech (VERSE) after stroke trial : An international 3-arm clinical trial to determine the effectiveness of early, intensive, prescribed, direct aphasia therapy. International Journal of Stroke. 13(8), pp. 863-880. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747493018790055
Improving the quality of healthcare : A cross-sectional study of the features of successful clinical networks
Haines, Mary M., Brown, Bernadette, D'Este, Catherine, Yano, Elizabeth M., Craig, Jonathon C., Middleton, Sandy, Castaldi, Peter A., Pollock, Carol A., Needham, Kate, Watt, William H., Elliott, Elizabeth J., Scott, Anthony, Dominello, Amanda, Klineberg, Emily, Atkinson, Jo-An, Paul, Christine and Redman, Sally. (2018). Improving the quality of healthcare : A cross-sectional study of the features of successful clinical networks. Public Health Research and Practice. 28(4), p. Article e28011803. https://doi.org/10.17061/phrp28011803
A mixed methods study to explore opinions of research translation held by researchers working in a Centre of Research Excellence in Australia
Lynch, Elizabeth A., Ramanathan, Shanthi, Middleton, Sandy, Bernhardt, Julie, Nilsson, Michael and Cadilhac, Dominique A.. (2018). A mixed methods study to explore opinions of research translation held by researchers working in a Centre of Research Excellence in Australia. BMJ Open. 8, p. Article e022357. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022357
Back to basics : Adherence with guidelines for glucose and temperature control in an American comprehensive stroke center sample
Alexandrov, Anne W., Palazzo, Paola, Biby, Sharon, Doerr, Abbigayle, Dusenbury, Wendy, Young, Rhonda, Lindstrom, Anne, Grove, Mary, Tsivgoulis, Georgios, Middleton, Sandy and Alexandrov, Andrei V.. (2018). Back to basics : Adherence with guidelines for glucose and temperature control in an American comprehensive stroke center sample. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing. 50(3), pp. 131-137. https://doi.org/10.1097/JNN.0000000000000358
Mapping workforce configuration and operational models in australian emergency departments : A national survey
Gardner, Glenn, Gardner, Anne, Middleton, Sandy, Considine, Julie, Fitzgerald, Gerard, Christofis, Luke, Doubrovsky, Anna, Adams, Margaret and O'Connell, Jane. (2018). Mapping workforce configuration and operational models in australian emergency departments : A national survey. Australian Health Review. 42(3), pp. 340-347. https://doi.org/10.1071/AH16231
Improving quality and outcomes of stroke care in hospitals : Protocol and statistical analysis plan for the Stroke 123 implementation study
Cadilhac, Dominique A., Andrew, Nadine E., Kilkenny, Monique F., Hill, Kelvin, Grabsch, Brenda, Lannin, Natasha A., Thrift, Amanda G., Anderson, Craig S., Donnan, Geoffrey A., Middleton, Sandy and Grimley, Rohan. (2018). Improving quality and outcomes of stroke care in hospitals : Protocol and statistical analysis plan for the Stroke 123 implementation study. International Journal of Stroke. 13(1), pp. 96-106. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747493017730741
Quality of life is poorer for patients with stroke who require an interpreter : An observational Australian Registry study
Kilkenny, Monique F., Lannin, Natasha A., Anderson, Craig S., Dewey, Helen M., Kim, Joosup, Barclay-Moss, Karen, Levi, Chris, Faux, Steven, Hill, Kelvin, Grabsch, Brenda, Middleton, Sandy, Thrift, Amanda G., Grimley, Rohan, Donnan, Geoffrey and Cadilhac, Dominique A.. (2018). Quality of life is poorer for patients with stroke who require an interpreter : An observational Australian Registry study. Stroke. 49(3), pp. 761-764. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.019771
What do randomized controlled trials say about virtual rehabilitation in stroke? A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of upper-limb and cognitive outcomes
Aminov, Anna, Rogers, Jeffrey M., Middleton, Sandy, Caeyenberghs, Karen and Wilson, Peter H.. (2018). What do randomized controlled trials say about virtual rehabilitation in stroke? A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of upper-limb and cognitive outcomes. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation. 15(29), p. Article 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-018-0370-2
Support surfaces for treating pressure ulcers
McInnes, Elizabeth, Jammali-Blasi, Asmara, Bell-Syer, Sally E. M. and Leung, Vannessa. (2018). Support surfaces for treating pressure ulcers. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 10, pp. 1 - 4. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009490.pub2
Treatment with exenatide in acute ischaemic stroke trial protocol : A prospective, randomised, open label, blinded end-point study of exenatide vs. standard care in post stroke hyperglycaemia
Muller, Claire, Cheung, N. Wah, Dewey, Helen, Churilov, Leonid, Middleton, Sandy, Thijs, Vincent, Ekinci, Elif I., Levi, Chris, Lindley, Richard, Donnan, Geoffrey, Parsons, Mark and Bladin, Christopher. (2018). Treatment with exenatide in acute ischaemic stroke trial protocol : A prospective, randomised, open label, blinded end-point study of exenatide vs. standard care in post stroke hyperglycaemia. International Journal of Stroke. 13(8), pp. 857-862. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747493018784436
Is length of time in a stroke unit associated with better outcomes for patients with stroke in Australia? An observational study
Busingye, Doreen, Kilkenny, Monique F., Purvis, Tara, Kim, Joosup, Middleton, Sandy, Campbell, Bruce C. V. and Cadihac, Dominique A.. (2018). Is length of time in a stroke unit associated with better outcomes for patients with stroke in Australia? An observational study. BMJ Open. 8(11), p. Article e022536. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022536
Implementation of a patient blood management program in an Australian private hospital orthopedic unit
Morgan, Paul N., Coleman, Patrick L., Martinez-Garduno, Cintia Mayel, Gunaratne, Anoja W., McInnes, Elizabeth and Middleton, Sandy. (2018). Implementation of a patient blood management program in an Australian private hospital orthopedic unit. Journal of Blood Medicine. 9, pp. 83-90. https://doi.org/10.2147/JBM.S157571
Reducing urinary catheter use: A protocol for a mixed methods evaluation of an electronic reminder system in hospitalised patients in Australia
Fasugba, Oyebola, Cheng, Allen C., Russo, Philip L., Northcote, Maria, Rosebrock, Hannah and Mitchell, Brett G.. (2018). Reducing urinary catheter use: A protocol for a mixed methods evaluation of an electronic reminder system in hospitalised patients in Australia. BMJ Open. 8(5), pp. 1 - 9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020469
Interventions for the uptake of evidence-based recommendations in acute stroke settings
Luker, Julie A., Bernhardt, Julie, Graham, Ian D., Middleton, Sandy, Lynch, Elizabeth A., Thayabaranathan, Tharshanah, Craig, Louise and Cadilhac, Dominique A.. (2017). Interventions for the uptake of evidence-based recommendations in acute stroke settings. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2017(1), p. Article CD012520. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012520
Acute single channel EEG predictors of cognitive function after stroke
Aminov, Anna, Rogers, Jeffrey M., Johnstone, Stuart J., Middleton, Sandy and Wilson, Peter H.. (2017). Acute single channel EEG predictors of cognitive function after stroke. PLoS ONE. 12(10), p. Article e0185841. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185841
End-of-life-care in the ICU : A qualitative meta-synthesis investigating the experiences and perceptions of the patients family
Coventry, Alysia, McInnes, Elizabeth Catherine, Resenberg, John and Ford, Rosemary. (2017). End-of-life-care in the ICU : A qualitative meta-synthesis investigating the experiences and perceptions of the patients family. 41st ANZICS/ACCCN Annual Scientific Meeting on Intensive Care. 20 - 22 Oct 2016 Australia: Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2017.02.013
Point prevalence surveys of healthcare-associated urinary tract infections : Development, pilot testing and evaluation of face-to-face and online educational packages
Fasugba, Oyebola, Mitchell, Brett G., Beckingham, Wendy, Bennett, Noleen and Gardner, Anne. (2017). Point prevalence surveys of healthcare-associated urinary tract infections : Development, pilot testing and evaluation of face-to-face and online educational packages. Infection, Disease and Health. 22(4), pp. 187-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idh.2017.07.002
Reducing catheter-associated urinary tract infections in hospitals: study protocol for a multi-site randomised controlled study
Brett Mitchell, Bola Fasugba, Anne Gardner, Jane Koerner, Peter Collignon, Allen C. Cheng, Nicholas Graves, Peter Morey and Victoria Gregory. (2017). Reducing catheter-associated urinary tract infections in hospitals: study protocol for a multi-site randomised controlled study. BMJ Open. 7(11), pp. 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018871
Catheter associated urinary tract infections (cautis): a research update
Fasugba, Bola and Anne Gardner. (2017). Catheter associated urinary tract infections (cautis): a research update. Australian Nursing and Midwifery Journal. 24(8), p. 43.
Barriers and enablers to adherence to anticoagulation in heart failure with atrial fibrillation : Patient and provider perspectives
Ferguson, Caleb, Inglis, Sally C., Newton, Phillip J., Middleton, Sandy, Macdonald, Peter S. and Davidson, Patricia M.. (2017). Barriers and enablers to adherence to anticoagulation in heart failure with atrial fibrillation : Patient and provider perspectives. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 26(23-24), pp. 4325-4334. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13759
Adherence to evidence-based pressure injury prevention guidelines in routine clinical practice: A longitudinal study
Chaboyer, Wendy, Bucknall, Tracey, Gillespie, Brigid, Thalib, Lukman, McInnes, Elizabeth, Considine, Julie, Murray, Edel, Duffy, Paula, Tuck, Michelle and Harbeck, Emma. (2017). Adherence to evidence-based pressure injury prevention guidelines in routine clinical practice: A longitudinal study. International Wound Journal. 14(6), pp. 1290 - 1298. https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.12798
Antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli
Fasugba, Oyebola. (2017). Antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli [Thesis]. https://doi.org/10.4226/66/5a9db84e33612
Mortality reduction for fever, hyperglycemia, and swallowing nurse-initiated stroke intervention : QASC trial (Quality In Acute Stroke Care) follow-up
Middleton, Sandy, Coughlan, Kelly, Mnatzaganian, George, Choy, Nancy Low, Dale, Simeon, Jammali-Blasi, Asmara, Levi, Chris, Grimshaw, Jeremy, Ward, Jeanette, Cadilhac, Dominique A., McElduff, Patrick, Hiller, Janet E. and D'Este, Catherine. (2017). Mortality reduction for fever, hyperglycemia, and swallowing nurse-initiated stroke intervention : QASC trial (Quality In Acute Stroke Care) follow-up. Stroke. 48(5), pp. 1331-1336. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.016038
Does participating in a clinical trial affect subsequent nursing management? Post-trial care for participants recruited to the INTACT pressure ulcer prevention trial : A follow-up study
Webster, Joan, Bucknall, Tracey, Wallis, Marianne, McInnes, Elizabeth, Roberts, Shelley and Chaboyer, Wendy. (2017). Does participating in a clinical trial affect subsequent nursing management? Post-trial care for participants recruited to the INTACT pressure ulcer prevention trial : A follow-up study. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 71, pp. 34-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.02.022
Improving discharge care : The potential of a new organisational intervention to improve discharge after hospitalisation for acute stroke, a controlled before – after pilot study
Cadilhac, Dominique A., Andrew, Nadine E., Salama, Enna Stroil, Hill, Kelvin, Middleton, Sandy, Horton, Eleanor, Meade, Ian, Kuhle, Sarah, Nelson, Mark R. and Grimley, Rohan. (2017). Improving discharge care : The potential of a new organisational intervention to improve discharge after hospitalisation for acute stroke, a controlled before – after pilot study. BMJ Open. 7(8), p. Article e016010. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016010
Testing a systematic approach to identify and prioritise barriers to successful implementation of a complex healthcare intervention
Craig, Louise E., Churilov, Leonid, Olenko, Liudmyla, Cadilhac, Dominique A., Grimley, Rohan, Dale, Simeon, Martinez-Garduno, Cintia, McInnes, Elizabeth, Considine, Julie, Grimshaw, Jeremy M. and Middleton, Sandy. (2017). Testing a systematic approach to identify and prioritise barriers to successful implementation of a complex healthcare intervention. BMC Medical Research Methodology. 17(1), p. Article 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-017-0298-4
Treatment and outcomes of working aged adults with stroke : Results from a national prospective registry
Lannin, Natasha A., Anderson, Craig S., Kim, Joosup, Kilkenny, Monique, Bernhardt, Julie, Levi, Christopher, Dewey, Helen M., Bladin, Christopher, Hand, Peter, Castley, Helen, Hill, Kelvin, Faux, Steven, Grimley, Rohan, Grabsch, Brenda, Middleton, Sandy, Donnan, Geoffrey and Cadilhac, Dominique A.. (2017). Treatment and outcomes of working aged adults with stroke : Results from a national prospective registry. Neuroepidemiology. 49, pp. 113-120. https://doi.org/10.1159/000484141
Barriers and outcomes of an evidence-based approach to diagnosis and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Australia : A qualitative study
Dennis, Sarah, Reddel, Helen K., Middleton, Sandy, Hasan, Iqbal, Hermiz, Oshana, Phillips, Rosemary, Crockett, Alan J., Vagholkar, Sanjyot, Marks, Guy B. and Zwar, Nicholas. (2017). Barriers and outcomes of an evidence-based approach to diagnosis and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Australia : A qualitative study. Family Practice. 34(4), pp. 485-490. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmw103
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of antiseptics for meatal cleaning in the prevention of catheter associated urinary tract infections
Fasugba, O., Koerner, J., Mitchell, B. G. and Gardner, A.. (2017). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of antiseptics for meatal cleaning in the prevention of catheter associated urinary tract infections. Journal of Hospital Infection. 95(3), pp. 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2016.10.025
Patients' perceptions of a pressure ulcer prevention care bundle in hospital : A qualitative descriptive study to guide evidence-based practice
Roberts, Shelley, Wallis, Marianne, McInnes, Elizabeth, Bucknall, Tracey, Banks, Merrilyn, Ball, Lauren and Chaboyer, Wendy. (2017). Patients' perceptions of a pressure ulcer prevention care bundle in hospital : A qualitative descriptive study to guide evidence-based practice. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing. 14(5), pp. 385-393. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12226
The use of advanced web-based survey design in Delphi research
Helms, Christopher, Gardner, Anne and McInnes, Elizabeth. (2017). The use of advanced web-based survey design in Delphi research. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 73(8), pp. 3168 - 3177. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13381
Cluster-randomized, crossover trial of head positioning in acute stroke
Anderson, Craig S., Arima, Hisatomi, Lavados, Pablo, Billot, Laurent, Hackett, Maree L., Olavarria, Veronica, Muñoz Venturelli, Paula, Brunser, Alejandro, Peng, Bin, Cui, Liying, Song, Lily, Rogers, Kerrylee, Middleton, Sandy, Lim, Joyce Y., Forshaw, Denise, Lighbody, C. Elizabeth, Woodward, Mark, Pontes-Neto, Octavio, de Silva, H. Asita, ... Watkins, Caroline Leigh. (2017). Cluster-randomized, crossover trial of head positioning in acute stroke. The New England Journal of Medicine. 376(25), pp. 2437-2447. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1615715
Initial psychometric testing and validation of the patient participation in pressure injury prevention scale
Chaboyer, Wendy, Harbeck, Emma, Bucknall, Tracey, McInnes, Elizabeth, Thalib, Lukman, Whitty, Jennifer, Wallis, Marianne and Gillespie, Brigid. (2017). Initial psychometric testing and validation of the patient participation in pressure injury prevention scale. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 73(9), pp. 2237-2247. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13289
The cost-effectiveness of a patient centred pressure ulcer prevention care bundle: Findings from the INTACT cluster randomised trial
Whitty, Jennifer A., McInnes, Elizabeth, Bucknall, Tracey, Webster, Joan, Gillespie, Brigid M., Banks, Merrilyn, Thalib, Lukman, Wallis, Marianne, Cumsille, Jose, Roberts, Shelley and Chaboyer, Wendy. (2017). The cost-effectiveness of a patient centred pressure ulcer prevention care bundle: Findings from the INTACT cluster randomised trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 75, pp. 35 - 42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.06.014
Screening for aspiration risk associated with dysphagia in acute stroke (Protocol)
Boaden, Elizabeth, Doran, Dawn, Burnell, Jane, Clegg, Andrew, Dey, Paola, Hurley, Margaret, Alexandrov, Anne, McInnes, Elizabeth and Watkins, Caroline L.. (2017). Screening for aspiration risk associated with dysphagia in acute stroke (Protocol). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012679
Process evaluation of a cluster-randomised trial testing a pressure ulcer prevention care bundle: A mixed-methods study
Roberts, Shelley, McInnes, Elizabeth, Bucknall, Tracey, Wallis, Marianne, Banks, Merrilyn and Chaboyer, Wendy. (2017). Process evaluation of a cluster-randomised trial testing a pressure ulcer prevention care bundle: A mixed-methods study. Implementation Science. 12(18), pp. 1 - 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-017-0547-2
International uptake of a proven intervention to reduce death and dependency in acute stroke : A cross-sectional-survey following the QASC trial
Middleton, Sandy, Bruch, Dominik, Martinez-Garduno, Cintia M., Dale, Simeon and McNamara, Maria. (2017). International uptake of a proven intervention to reduce death and dependency in acute stroke : A cross-sectional-survey following the QASC trial. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing. 14(6), pp. 447-454. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12253
Risk-adjusted hospital mortality rates for stroke: evidence from the Australian Stroke Clinical Registry (AuSCR)
Cadihac, Dominique A., Kilkenny, Monique F., Levi, Christopher R., Lannin, Natasha A., Thrift, Amanda G., Kim, Joosup, Grabsch, Brenda, Churilov, Leonid, Dewey, Helen M., Hill, Kelvin, Faux, Steven G., Grimley, Rohan, Castley, Helen, Hand, Peter J., Wong, Andrew, Herkes, Geoffrey K., Gill, Melissa, Crompton, Douglas, Middleton, Sandy, ... Anderson, Craig S.. (2017). Risk-adjusted hospital mortality rates for stroke: evidence from the Australian Stroke Clinical Registry (AuSCR). Medical Journal of Australia. 206(8), pp. 345-350. https://doi.org/10.5694/mja16.00525
Development of a theory-informed implementation intervention to improve the triage, treatment and transfer of stroke patients in emergency departments using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) : The T3 Trial
Craig, Louise E., Taylor, Natalie, Grimley, Rohan, Cadilhac, Dominique A., McInnes, Elizabeth, Phillips, Rosemary, Dale, Simeon, O'Connor, Denise, Levi, Chris, Fitzgerald, Mark, Considine, Julie, Grimshaw, Jeremy M., Gerraty, Richard, Cheung, N. Wah, Ward, Jeanette and Middleton, Sandy. (2017). Development of a theory-informed implementation intervention to improve the triage, treatment and transfer of stroke patients in emergency departments using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) : The T3 Trial. Implementation Science. 12(1), p. Article 88. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-017-0616-6
Leaving a legacy of stroke in Europe : A community of dedicated professionals is changing the face of stroke in Europe
Mikulik, Robert, Ylikotila, Pauli, Roine, Risto, Brozman, Miroslav and Middleton, Sandy. (2017). Leaving a legacy of stroke in Europe : A community of dedicated professionals is changing the face of stroke in Europe. The CNS Journal. 3(1), pp. 8-18.
Multi-morbidity, frailty and self-care : Important considerations in treatment with anticoagulation drugs. Outcomes of the AFASTER study
Ferguson, Caleb, Inglis, Sally C., Newton, Phillip J., Middleton, Sandy, Macdonald, Peter S. and Davidson, Patricia M.. (2017). Multi-morbidity, frailty and self-care : Important considerations in treatment with anticoagulation drugs. Outcomes of the AFASTER study. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. 16(2), pp. 113-124. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474515116642604
Hospital arrival times and post-imaging delays in stroke thrombolysis implementation
Kawano, Hiroyuki, Bivard, Andrew, Parsons, Mark W., Paul, Christine L., Krause, Martin, D'Este, Catherine, Bladin, Christopher F., Lindley, Richard I., Attia, John R., Henskens, Frans, Longworth, Mark, Middleton, Sandy, Ryan, Annika, Kerr, Erin, Sanson-Fisher, Robert W., Levi, Christopher R. and Thrombolysis ImPlementation in Stroke (TIPS) Study Group. (2017). Hospital arrival times and post-imaging delays in stroke thrombolysis implementation. Journal of Neurological Disorders & Stroke. 5(3), pp. 1-6.
Quality of acute care and long-term quality of life and survival
Cadilhac, Dominique A., Andrew, Nadine E., Lannin, Natasha A., Middleton, Sandy, Levi, Christopher R., Dewey, Helen M., Grabsch, Brenda, Faux, Steven, Hill, Kelvin, Grimley, Rohan, Wong, Andrew, Sabet, Arman, Butler, Ernest, Bladin, Christopher F., Bates, Timothy R., Groot, Patrick, Castley, Helen, Donnan, Geoffry A. and Anderson, Craig S.. (2017). Quality of acute care and long-term quality of life and survival. Stroke: a journal of cerebral circulation. 48(4), pp. 1026-1032. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.015714
Statistical analysis plan for the Head Position in Stroke Trial (HeadPoST) : An international cluster cross-over randomised trial
Billot, Laurent, Woodward, Mark, Arima, Hisatomi, Hackett, Maree, Muñoz Venturelli, Paula, Lavados, Pablo M., Brunser, Alejandro, Peng, Bin, Cui, Liying, Song, Lily, Heritier, Stephane, Jan, Stephen, Middleton, Sandy, Olavarría, Verónica V., Lim, Joyce, Robinson, Thompson, Pontes-Neto, Octavio, Watkins, Caroline L. and Anderson, Craig S.. (2017). Statistical analysis plan for the Head Position in Stroke Trial (HeadPoST) : An international cluster cross-over randomised trial. International Journal of Stroke. 12(6), pp. 667-670. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747493017701943
Effectiveness of a ‘do not interrupt’ bundled intervention to reduce interruptions during medication administration : A cluster randomised controlled feasibility study
Westbrook, Johanna I., Li, Ling, Hooper, Tamara D., Raban, Magda Z., Middleton, Sandy and Lehnbom, Elin C.. (2017). Effectiveness of a ‘do not interrupt’ bundled intervention to reduce interruptions during medication administration : A cluster randomised controlled feasibility study. BMJ Quality and Safety. 26(9), pp. 734-742. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2016-006123
Influence of stroke coordinators on delivery of acute stroke care and hospital outcomes : An observational study
Purvis, Tara, Kilkenny, Monique F., Middleton, Sandy and Cadilhac, Dominique A.. (2017). Influence of stroke coordinators on delivery of acute stroke care and hospital outcomes : An observational study. International Journal of Stroke. 13(6), pp. 585-591. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747493017741382
The effectiveness of clinical networks in improving quality of care and patient outcomes: A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies
Brown, Bernadette B., Patel, Cyra, McInnes, Elizabeth C., Mays, Nicholas, Young, Jane and Haines, Mary. (2016). The effectiveness of clinical networks in improving quality of care and patient outcomes: A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies. BMC Health Services Research. 16(360), pp. 1 - 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-016-1615-z
Development and validation of a survey to measure features of clinical networks
Brown, Bernadette Bea, Haines, Mary, Middleton, Sandy, Paul, Christine, D'Este, Catherine, Klineberg, Emily and Elliot, Elizabeth. (2016). Development and validation of a survey to measure features of clinical networks. BMC Health Services Research. 16, p. Article 531. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-016-1800-0
A randomized controlled trial of very early rehabilitation in speech after stroke
Godecke, Erin, Armstrong, Elizabeth A., Rai, Tapan, Middleton, Sandy, Ciccone, Natalie, Whitworth, Anne, Rose, Miranda, Holland, Audrey, Ellery, Fiona, Hankey, Graeme J., Cadilhac, Dominique A. and Bernhardt, Julie. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of very early rehabilitation in speech after stroke. International Journal of Stroke. 11(5), pp. 586-592. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747493016641116
Early intervention for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by practice nurse and GP teams : A cluster randomized trial
Zwar, Nicholas A., Bunker, Jeremy M., Reddel, Helen K., Dennis, Sarah M., Middleton, Sandy, van Schayck, Onno C. P., Crockett, Alan J., Hasan, Iqbal, Hermiz, Oshana, Vagholkar, Sanjyot, Xuan, Wei and Mark, Guy B.. (2016). Early intervention for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by practice nurse and GP teams : A cluster randomized trial. Family Practice. 33(6), pp. 663-670. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmw077
From QASC to QASCIP : Successful Australian translational scale-up and spread of a proven intervention in acute stroke using a prospective pretest/post-test study design
Middleton, Sandy, Lydtin, Anna, Comerford, Daniel, Cadilhac, Dominique A., McElduff, Patrick, Dale, Simeon, Hill, Kelvin, Longworth, Mark, Ward, Jeanette, Cheung, N. Wah and D'Este, Cate. (2016). From QASC to QASCIP : Successful Australian translational scale-up and spread of a proven intervention in acute stroke using a prospective pretest/post-test study design. BMJ Open. 6(5), p. Article e011568. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011568
Five-year antimicrobial resistance patterns of urinary escherichia coli at an Australian tertiary hospital: Time series analyses of prevalence data
Fasugba, Oyebola, Mitchell, Brett G., Mnatzaganian, George, Das, Anindita, Collignon, Peter and Gardner, Anne. (2016). Five-year antimicrobial resistance patterns of urinary escherichia coli at an Australian tertiary hospital: Time series analyses of prevalence data. PLoS ONE. 11(10), pp. 1 - 14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164306
Identifying the barriers and enablers for a triage, treatment, and transfer clinical intervention to manage acute stroke patients in the emergency department : A systematic review using the theoretical domains framework (TDF)
Craig, Louise E., McInnes, Elizabeth, Taylor, Natalie, Grimley, Rohan, Cadilhac, Dominique A., Considine, Julie and Middleton, Sandy. (2016). Identifying the barriers and enablers for a triage, treatment, and transfer clinical intervention to manage acute stroke patients in the emergency department : A systematic review using the theoretical domains framework (TDF). Implementation Science. 11, p. Article 157. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-016-0524-1
The effect of a patient centred care bundle intervention on pressure ulcer incidence (INTACT): A cluster randomised trial
Chaboyer, Wendy, Bucknall, Tracey, Webster, Joan, McInnes, Elizabeth, Brigid, Gillespie, Banks, Merrilyn, Whitty, Jennifer, Thalib, Lukman, Roberts, Shelly, Tallott, Mandy, Cullum, Nicky and Wallis, Marianne. (2016). The effect of a patient centred care bundle intervention on pressure ulcer incidence (INTACT): A cluster randomised trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 64, pp. 63 - 71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.09.015
Nurses' perceptions of a pressure ulcer prevention care bundle: A qualitative descriptive study
Roberts, Shelly, McInnes, Elizabeth, Wallis, Marianne, Bucknall, Tracey, Banks, Merrilyn and Chaboyer, Wendy. (2016). Nurses' perceptions of a pressure ulcer prevention care bundle: A qualitative descriptive study. BMC Nursing. 15(64), pp. 1 - 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-016-0188-9
Experiences of nurse practitioners and medical practitioners working in collaborative practice models in primary healthcare in Australia: A multiple case study using mixed methods
Schadewaldt, Verena I., McInnes, Elizabeth C., Hiller, Janet E. and Gardner, Pamela Anne. (2016). Experiences of nurse practitioners and medical practitioners working in collaborative practice models in primary healthcare in Australia: A multiple case study using mixed methods. BMC Family Practice. 17(99), pp. 1 - 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-016-0503-2
A point prevalence study of healthcare associated urinary tract infections in Australian acute and aged care facilities
Mitchell, Brett Gerard, Fasugba, Oyebola, Beckingham, Wendy D., Bennett, Noleen and Gardner, Anne. (2016). A point prevalence study of healthcare associated urinary tract infections in Australian acute and aged care facilities. Infection, Disease and Health. 21(1), pp. 26 - 31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idh.2016.03.001
Education and practice gaps on atrial fibrillation and anticoagulation: A survey of cardiovascular nurses
Ferguson, Caleb, Inglis, Sally C., Newton, Phillip J., Middleton, Sandy, Macdonald, Peter S. and Davidson, Patricia M.. (2016). Education and practice gaps on atrial fibrillation and anticoagulation: A survey of cardiovascular nurses. BMC Medical Education. 16, p. Article 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-015-0504-1
How has the profile of Australian Nurse practitioners changed over time?
Middleton, Sandy, Gardner, Anne, Della, Phillip R., Lam, Lawrence, Allnutt, Nissa and Gardner, Glenn. (2016). How has the profile of Australian Nurse practitioners changed over time? Collegian. 23(1), pp. 69-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2014.10.004
Consensus on an Australian Nurse practitioner specialty framework using Delphi methodology: results from the CLLEVER 2 study
Helms, Christopher, Gardner, Anne and McInnes, Elizabeth. (2016). Consensus on an Australian Nurse practitioner specialty framework using Delphi methodology: results from the CLLEVER 2 study. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 73(2), pp. 1 - 15. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13109
Addressing the stroke evidence-treatment gap
Ferguson, Caleb, Hickman, Louise D., Lal, Sara, Newton, Phillip J., Kneebone, Ian I., Mcgowan, Sharon and Middleton, Sandy. (2016). Addressing the stroke evidence-treatment gap. Contemporary Nurse. 52(2-3), pp. 253-257. https://doi.org/10.1080/10376178.2016.1215235
Stroke unit nurse managers’ views of individual and organisational factors liable to influence evidence-based practice : A survey
Drury, Peta, McInnes, Elizabeth, Hardy, Jennifer, Dale, Simeon and Middleton, Sandy. (2016). Stroke unit nurse managers’ views of individual and organisational factors liable to influence evidence-based practice : A survey. International Journal of Nursing Practice. 22(2), pp. 169-178. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijn.12396
Triage, treatment and transfer of patients with stroke in emergency department trial (the T3 Trial) : A cluster randomised trial protocol
Middleton, Sandy, Levi, Chris, Dale, Simeon, Chung, N. Wah, McInnes, Elizabeth, Considine, Julie, D'Este, Catherine, Cadilhac, Dominique A., Grimshaw, Jeremy, Gerraty, Richard, Craig, Louise, Schadewaldt, Verena, McElduff, Patrick, Fitzgerald, Mark, Quinn, Clare, Cadigan, Greg, Denisenko, Sonia, Longworth, Mark and Ward, Jeanette. (2016). Triage, treatment and transfer of patients with stroke in emergency department trial (the T3 Trial) : A cluster randomised trial protocol. Implementation Science. 11, p. Article 139. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-016-0503-6
What are the reasons for clinical network success? A qualitative study
McInnes, Elizabeth C., Haines, Mary, Dominello, Amanda, Kalucy, Deanna, Jammali-Blasi, Asmara, Middleton, Sandy and Klineberg, Emily. (2016). What are the reasons for clinical network success? A qualitative study. BMC Health Services Research. 15(497), p. Article 497. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-015-1096-5
Regional variation in acute stroke care organisation
Muñoz-Venturelli, Paula, Robinson, Thompson, Olavarría, Verónica V., Arima, Hisaromi, Billot, Laurent, Hackett, Maree L., Lim, Joyce y., Middleton, Sandy, Pontes-Neto, Octavio, Peng, Bin, Cui, Liying, Song, Lily, Mead, Gillian, Watkins, Caroline, Lin, Ruey-Tay, Lee, Tsong-Hai, Pandian, Jeyaraj, de Silva, H. Asita, Anderson, Craig S. and the HeadPoST Investigators. (2016). Regional variation in acute stroke care organisation. Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 371, pp. 126-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2016.10.026
A behaviour change program to increase outings delivered during therapy to stroke survivors by community rehabilitation teams : The Out-and-About trial
McCluskey, Annie, Ada, Louise, Kelly, Patrick J., Middleton, Sandy, Goodall, Stephen, Grimshaw, Jeremy M., Logan, Pip, Longworth, Mark and Karageorge, Aspasia. (2016). A behaviour change program to increase outings delivered during therapy to stroke survivors by community rehabilitation teams : The Out-and-About trial. International Journal of Stroke. 11(4), pp. 425-437. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747493016632246
The effectiveness of clinical networks in improving quality of care and patient outcomes: A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies
Brown, Bernadette, Patel, Cyra, McInnes, Elizabeth, Mays, Nicholas, Young, Jane and Haines, Mary. (2016). The effectiveness of clinical networks in improving quality of care and patient outcomes: A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies. BMC Health Services Research. 16(6), pp. 1 - 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-016-1615-z
The effect of a patient centred care bundle intervention on pressure ulcer incidence (INTACT): A cluster randomised trial
Chaboyer, Wendy, Bucknall, Tracey, Webster, Joan, McInnes, Elizabeth Catherine, Gillespie, Brigid M., Banks, Merrilyn, Whitty, Jennifer A., Thalib, Lukman, Roberts, Shelley, Tallott, Mandy, Cullum, Nicky and Wallis, Marianne. (2016). The effect of a patient centred care bundle intervention on pressure ulcer incidence (INTACT): A cluster randomised trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 64, pp. 63 - 71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.09.015
A survey of acute care clinicians views on factors influencing hand hygiene practice and actions to improve hand hygiene compliance
Jammali-Blasi, Asmara, McInnes, Elizabeth and Middleton, Sandy. (2016). A survey of acute care clinicians views on factors influencing hand hygiene practice and actions to improve hand hygiene compliance. Infection, Disease and Health. 21(1), pp. 16-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idh.2016.01.004
Better outcomes for hospitalized patients with TIA when in stroke units: An observational study
Cadilhac, Dominique A., Kim, Joosup, Lannin, Natasha A., Levi, Christopher R., Dewey, Helen M., Hill, Kelvin, Faux, Steven, Andrew, Nadine E., Kilkenny, Monique F., Grimley, Rohan, Thrift, Amanda G., Grabsch, Brenda, Middleton, Sandy, Anderson, Craig S. and Donnan, Geoffrey A.. (2016). Better outcomes for hospitalized patients with TIA when in stroke units: An observational study. Neurology. 86(22), pp. 2042-2048. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000002715
Compliance with Australian stroke guideline recommendations for outdoor mobility and transport training by post-inpatient rehabilitation services : An observational cohort study
McCluskey, Annie, Ada, Louise, Kelly, Patrick J., Middleton, Sandy, Goodall, Stephen, Grimshaw, Jeremy M., Logan, Pip, Longworth, Mark and Karageorge, Aspasia. (2015). Compliance with Australian stroke guideline recommendations for outdoor mobility and transport training by post-inpatient rehabilitation services : An observational cohort study. BMC Health Services Research. 15, p. Article 296. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-015-0952-7
Disinvesting in ineffective and inappropriate practice: The neglected side of evidence-based health care?
Harvey, Gillian and McInnes, Elizabeth Catherine. (2015). Disinvesting in ineffective and inappropriate practice: The neglected side of evidence-based health care? Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing. 12(6), pp. 309 - 312. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12137
Ciprofloxacin resistance in community-and hospital-acquired Escherichia coli urinary tract infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Fasugba, Oyebola, Gardner, Anne, Mitchell, Brett and Mnatzaganian, George. (2015). Ciprofloxacin resistance in community-and hospital-acquired Escherichia coli urinary tract infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. BMC Infectious Diseases. 15(545), pp. 1 - 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-015-1282-4
Barriers and enablers to implementing clinical treatment protocols for fever, hyperglycaemia, and swallowing dysfunction in the Quality in Acute Stroke Care (QASC) Project — A mixed methods study
Dale, Simeon, Levi, Christopher, Ward, Jeanette, Grimshaw, Jeremy M., Jammali-Blasi, Asmara, D'Este, Catherine, Griffiths, Rhonda, Quinn, Clare, Evans, Malcolm, Cadilhac, Dominic, Cheung, N. Wah and Middleton, Sandy. (2015). Barriers and enablers to implementing clinical treatment protocols for fever, hyperglycaemia, and swallowing dysfunction in the Quality in Acute Stroke Care (QASC) Project — A mixed methods study. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing. 12(1), pp. 41-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12078
Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviour intentions for three bowel management practices in intensive care : Effects of a targeted protocol implementation for nursing and medical staff
Knowles, Serena, Lam, Lawrence T., McInnes, Elizabeth, Elliott, Doug, Hardy, Jennifer and Middleton, Sandy. (2015). Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviour intentions for three bowel management practices in intensive care : Effects of a targeted protocol implementation for nursing and medical staff. BMC Nursing. 14, p. Article 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-015-0056-z
Disinvesting in Ineffective and Inappropriate Practice: The Neglected Side of Evidence-Based Health Care?
Harvey, Gillian and McInnes, Elizabeth. (2015). Disinvesting in Ineffective and Inappropriate Practice: The Neglected Side of Evidence-Based Health Care? Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing. 12(6), pp. 309 - 312. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12137
Effectiveness and acceptability of a moisturizing cream and a barrier cream during radiation therapy for breast cancer in the tropics
Laffin, Nadine, Smyth, Wendy, Heyer, Elizabeth, Fasugba, Oyebola, Abernethy, Gail and Gardner, Anne. (2015). Effectiveness and acceptability of a moisturizing cream and a barrier cream during radiation therapy for breast cancer in the tropics. Cancer Nursing: an international journal for cancer care. 38(3), pp. 205 - 214. https://doi.org/10.1097/NCC.0000000000000161
INTroducing A Care bundle To prevent pressure injury (INTACT) in at-risk patients: a protocol for a cluster randomised trial.
Griffith, Wendy, Bucknall, Tracey, Webster, Joan, McInnes, Elizabeth, Banks, Merrilyn, Wallis, Marianne, Gillespie, Brigid, Whitty, Jennifer, Thalib, Lukman, Roberts, Shelley and Cullum, Nicky. (2015). INTroducing A Care bundle To prevent pressure injury (INTACT) in at-risk patients: a protocol for a cluster randomised trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 52(11), pp. 1659 - 1668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.04.018
Head Position in Stroke Trial (HeadPoST) – sitting-up vs lying-flat positioning of patients with acute stroke: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial
Muñoz-Venturelli, Paula, Arima, Hisatomi, Lavados, Pablo, Brunser, Alejandro, Peng, Bin, Cui, Liying, Song, Lily, Billot, Laurent, Boaden, Elizabeth, Hackett, Maree L., Heritier, Stephane, Jan, Stephen, Middleton, Sandy, Olavarría, Verónica V., Lim, Joyce Y., Lindley, Richard I., Heeley, Emma, Robinson, Thompson, Pontes-Neto, Octavio, ... Anderson, Craig S.. (2015). Head Position in Stroke Trial (HeadPoST) – sitting-up vs lying-flat positioning of patients with acute stroke: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial. Trials. 16, p. Article 256. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-015-0767-1
Triage, treatment and transfer : Evidence-based clinical practice recommendations and models of nursing care for the first 72 hours of admission to hospital for acute stroke
Middleton, Sandy, Grimley, Rohan and Alexandrov, Anne W.. (2015). Triage, treatment and transfer : Evidence-based clinical practice recommendations and models of nursing care for the first 72 hours of admission to hospital for acute stroke. Stroke. 46(2), pp. e18-e25. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.006139
The caregiver role in thromboprophylaxis management in atrial fibrillation : A literature review
Ferguson, Caleb, Inglis, Sally C., Newton, Phillip J., Middleton, Sandy, Macdonald, Peter S. and Davidson, Patricia M.. (2015). The caregiver role in thromboprophylaxis management in atrial fibrillation : A literature review. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. 14(2), pp. 98-107. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474515114547647
A qualitative study of senior hospital managers' views on current and innovative strategies to improve hand hygiene
McInnes, Elizabeth, Phillips, Rosemary, Middleton, Sandy and Gould, Dinah. (2014). A qualitative study of senior hospital managers' views on current and innovative strategies to improve hand hygiene. BMC Infectious Diseases. 14, p. Article 611. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-014-0611-3
Investigating characteristics of collaboration between nurse practitioners and medical practitioners in primary healthcare: A mixed methods multiple case study protocol
Schadewaldt, Verena, McInnes, Elizabeth, Hiller, Janet and Gardner, Anne. (2014). Investigating characteristics of collaboration between nurse practitioners and medical practitioners in primary healthcare: A mixed methods multiple case study protocol. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 70(5), pp. 1184 - 1193. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12269
Atrial fibrillation : Stroke prevention in focus
Ferguson, Caleb, Inglis, Sally C., Newton, Phillip J., Middleton, Sandy, Macdonald, Peter S. and Davidson, Patricia M.. (2014). Atrial fibrillation : Stroke prevention in focus. Australian Critical Care. 27(2), pp. 92-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2013.08.002
Health service management study for stroke : A randomized controlled trial to evaluate two models of stroke care
Chan, Daniel K.Y., Levi, Chris, Cordato, Dennis, O'Rourke, Fintan, Chen, Jack, Redmond, Helen, Xu, Ying-Hua, Middleton, Sandy, Pollack, Michael and Hankey, Graeme. (2014). Health service management study for stroke : A randomized controlled trial to evaluate two models of stroke care. International Journal of Stroke. 9(4), pp. 400-405. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijs.12240
Management of fever, hyperglycemia, and swallowing dysfunction following hospital admission for acute stroke in New South Wales, Australia
Drury, Peta, Levi, Christopher, McInnes, Elizabeth, Hardy, Jennifer, Ward, Jeanette, Grimshaw, Jeremy M., D'Este, Catherine, Dale, Simeon, McElduff, Patrick, Cheung, N. Wah, Quinn, Clare, Griffiths, Rhonda, Evans, Malcolm, Cadilhac, Dominique and Middleton, Sandy. (2014). Management of fever, hyperglycemia, and swallowing dysfunction following hospital admission for acute stroke in New South Wales, Australia. International Journal of Stroke. 9(1), pp. 23-31. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijs.12194
Thrombolysis ImPlementation in Stroke (TIPS) : Evaluating the effectiveness of a strategy to increase the adoption of best evidence practice - protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial in acute stroke care
Paul, Christine L., Levi, Christopher R., D'Este, Catherine, Parsons, Mark W., Bladin, Christopher F., Lindley, Richard I., Attia, John R., Henskens, Frans, Lalor, Erin, Longworth, Mark, Middleton, Sandy, Ryan, Annika, Kerr, Erin, Sanson-Fisher, Robert W. and Thrombolysis ImPlementation in Stroke (TIPS) Study Group. (2014). Thrombolysis ImPlementation in Stroke (TIPS) : Evaluating the effectiveness of a strategy to increase the adoption of best evidence practice - protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial in acute stroke care. Implementation Science. 9, p. Article 38. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-9-38
Repositioning for pressure ulcer prevention in adults
Gillespie, Brigid, Chaboyer, Wendy, McInnes, Elizabeth, Kent, Bridie, Whitty, Jennifer and Thalib, Lukman. (2014). Repositioning for pressure ulcer prevention in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 4(4), pp. 1 - 35. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009958.pub2
A point prevalence cross-sectional study of healthcare-associated urinary tract infections in six Australian hospitals
Gardner, Anne, Mitchell, Brett, Beckingham, Wendy and Fasugba, Oyebola. (2014). A point prevalence cross-sectional study of healthcare-associated urinary tract infections in six Australian hospitals. BMJ Open. 4(7), pp. 1 - 9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005099
Quality in Acute Stroke Care (QASC) : Process evaluation of an intervention to improve the management of fever, hyperglycaemia and swallowing dysfunction following acute stroke
Drury, Peta, Levi, Christopher, D'Este, Catherine, McElduff, Patrick, McInnes, Elizabeth, Hardy, Jennifer, Dale, Simeon, Cheung, N. Wah, Grimshaw, Jeremy M., Quinn, Clare, Ward, Jeanette, Evans, Malcolm, Cadilhac, Dominique, Griffiths, Rhonda and Middleton, Sandy. (2014). Quality in Acute Stroke Care (QASC) : Process evaluation of an intervention to improve the management of fever, hyperglycaemia and swallowing dysfunction following acute stroke. International Journal of Stroke. 9(6), pp. 766-776. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijs.12202
The role of patients in pressure injury prevention: A survey of acute care patients
McInnes, Elizabeth, Chaboyer, Wendy, Murray, Edel, Allen, Todd and Jones, Peter. (2014). The role of patients in pressure injury prevention: A survey of acute care patients. BMC Nursing. 13(41), pp. 1 - 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-014-0041-y
Healthcare associated urinary tract infections : A protocol for a national point prevalence study
Mitchell, Brett, Gardner, Anne, Beckingham, Wendy and Fasugba, Oyebola. (2014). Healthcare associated urinary tract infections : A protocol for a national point prevalence study. Healthcare Infection. 19(1), pp. 26 - 31. https://doi.org/10.1071/HI13037
Evaluation of the implementation of a bowel management protocol in intensive care : Effect on clinical practices and patient outcomes
Knowles, Serena, McInnes, Elizabeth, Elliott, Doug, Hardy, Jennifer and Middleton, Sandy. (2014). Evaluation of the implementation of a bowel management protocol in intensive care : Effect on clinical practices and patient outcomes. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 23(5-6), pp. 716-730. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12448
The Fitzpatrick Skin Type Scale : A reliability and validity study in women undergoing radiation therapy for breast cancer
Fasugba, Oyebola, Gardner, Anne and Smyth, Wendy. (2014). The Fitzpatrick Skin Type Scale : A reliability and validity study in women undergoing radiation therapy for breast cancer. Journal of Wound Care. 23(7), pp. 358 - 368. https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2014.23.7.358
Educational outreach visits to improve nurses' use of mechanical venous thromboembolism prevention in hospitalized medical patients
Duff, Jed, Walker, Kim, Abdulla, Omari, Middleton, Sandy and McInnes, Elizabeth. (2013). Educational outreach visits to improve nurses' use of mechanical venous thromboembolism prevention in hospitalized medical patients. Journal of Vascular Nursing. 31(4), pp. 139-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvn.2013.04.002
Acute care patient mobility patterns and documented pressure injury prevention: an observational study and survey
McInnes, Elizabeth, Chaboyer, Wendy, Allen, Todd, Murray, Edel and Webber, Louise. (2013). Acute care patient mobility patterns and documented pressure injury prevention: an observational study and survey. Wound Practice & Research.
Educational outreach visits to improve venous thromboembolism prevention in hospitalised medical patients : A prospective before-and-after intervention study
Duff, Jed, Omari, Abdulla, Middleton, Sandy, McInnes, Elizabeth and Walker, Kim. (2013). Educational outreach visits to improve venous thromboembolism prevention in hospitalised medical patients : A prospective before-and-after intervention study. BMC Health Services Research. 13, p. Article 398. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-13-398
P159: The views of senior hospital managers on innovative strategies to improve hand hygiene adherence: a qualitative study
McInnes, Elizabeth and Phillips, R. (2013). P159: The views of senior hospital managers on innovative strategies to improve hand hygiene adherence: a qualitative study. Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control. 2(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/2047-2994-2-S1-P159
Views and experiences of nurse practitioners and medical practitioners with collaborative practice in primary health care: An integrative review
Schadewaldt, Verena, McInnes, Elizabeth, Hiller, Janet and Gardner, Anne. (2013). Views and experiences of nurse practitioners and medical practitioners with collaborative practice in primary health care: An integrative review. BMC Family Practice. 14(132), pp. 1 - 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2296-14-132
Research involvement, support needs, and factors affecting research participation: A survey of Mental Health Consultation Liaison Nurses
McMaster, Rose, Jammali-Blasi, Asmara, Andersson-Noorgard, Kurt, Cooper, Kerrie and McInnes, Elizabeth. (2013). Research involvement, support needs, and factors affecting research participation: A survey of Mental Health Consultation Liaison Nurses. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0349.2012.00857.x
Development and interrater reliability testing of a telephone interview training programme for Australian nurse interviewers
Ahern, Tracey, Gardner, Anne, Gardner, Glenn, Middleton, Sandy and Della, Phillip. (2013). Development and interrater reliability testing of a telephone interview training programme for Australian nurse interviewers. Nurse Education Today. 33(5), pp. 470-474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2012.05.001
Atrial fibrillation and thromboprophylaxis in heart failure : The need for patient-centered approaches to address adherence
Ferguson, Caleb, Inglis, Sally C., Newton, Phillip J., Middleton, Sandy, Macdonald, Peter S. and Davidson, Patricia M.. (2013). Atrial fibrillation and thromboprophylaxis in heart failure : The need for patient-centered approaches to address adherence. Vascular Health and Risk Management. 9, pp. 3-11. https://doi.org/10.2147/VHRM.S39571
Comprehensive stroke units : A review of comparative evidence and experience
Chan, Daniel K. Y., Cordato, Dennis, O'Rourke, Fintan, Chan, Daniel L., Pollack, Michael, Middleton, Sandy and Levi, Chris. (2013). Comprehensive stroke units : A review of comparative evidence and experience. International Journal of Stroke. 8(4), pp. 260-264. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00850.x
Support surfaces for treating pressure injury: A Cochrane systematic review
McInnes, Elizabeth, Jammali-Blasi, Asmara, Cullum, Nicky, Bell-Syer, Sally and Dumville, Jo. (2013). Support surfaces for treating pressure injury: A Cochrane systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2012.05.008
Clinical guidelines for acute stroke management : Which recommendations should remain consensus-based?
Middleton, Sandy, Rowley, Julianne, Hillege, Sharon, Hill, Kelvin, Churilov, Leonid and Allnutt, Nissa. (2013). Clinical guidelines for acute stroke management : Which recommendations should remain consensus-based? Journal of Vascular Nursing. 31(2), pp. 72-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvn.2012.10.001
Enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research: ENTREQ
Tong, Allison, Flemming, Kate, McInnes, Elizabeth, Oliver, Sandy and Craig, Jonathon. (2012). Enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research: ENTREQ. BMC Medical Research Methodology. 12(181), pp. 1 - 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-12-181
What people say about travelling outdoors after their stroke : A qualitative study
Barnsley, Lara, McCluskey, Annie and Middleton, Sandy. (2012). What people say about travelling outdoors after their stroke : A qualitative study. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. 59, pp. 71-78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1630.2011.00935.x
The use of morphine to treat cancer related pain: a worked example of critical interpretive synthesis
Flemmings, Kate and McInnes, Elizabeth. (2012). The use of morphine to treat cancer related pain: a worked example of critical interpretive synthesis. In In K. Haines and C. Lockwood (Ed.). Synthesizing qualitative research: Choosing the right approach pp. 59 - 82 John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119959847.ch4
Stroke clinicians' priorities for stroke research
Lannin, Natasha, Ada, Louise, Lindley, Richard, Longworth, Mark, McCluskey, Annie and Middleton, Sandy. (2012). Stroke clinicians' priorities for stroke research. The Internet Iournal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice. 10(4), pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.46743/1540-580X/2012.1419
Care of patients with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease : A cluster randomised controlled trial
Zwar, Nicholas A., Hermitz, Oshana, Comino, Elizabeth, Middleton, Sandy, Vagholkar, Sanjyot, Xuan, Wei, Wilson, Stephen and Marks, Guy B.. (2012). Care of patients with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease : A cluster randomised controlled trial. Medical Journal of Australia. 197(7), pp. 394-398. https://doi.org/10.5694/mja12.10813
Report of a case of neonatal malaria (Plasmodium falciparum) in Nigeria
Fasugba, Oyebola. (2012). Report of a case of neonatal malaria (Plasmodium falciparum) in Nigeria. Healthcare Infection. 17(4), pp. 122 - 126. https://doi.org/10.1071/HI12024
Stroke management : Updated recommendations for treatment along the care continuum
Wright, L., Hill, K. M., Bernhardt, J., Lindley, R., Ada, L., Bajorek, B. V., Barber, P. A., Beer, C., Golledge, J., Gustafsson, L., Hersh, D., Kenardy, J., Perry, L., Middleton, S., Brauer, S. G. and Nelson, M. R.. (2012). Stroke management : Updated recommendations for treatment along the care continuum. Internal Medicine Journal. 42(5), pp. 562-569. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.2012.02774.x
Preventing pressure ulcers-are pressure-redistributiong support surfaces effective?: A Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis
McInnes, Elizabeth, Jammali-Blasi, Asmara, Bell-Syer, Sally, Dumville, Jo and Cullum, Nicky. (2012). Preventing pressure ulcers-are pressure-redistributiong support surfaces effective?: A Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 49(3), pp. 345 - 359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2011.10.014
A pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial of early intervention for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by practice nurse-general practitioner teams : Study Protocol
Bunker, Jeremy M., Reddel, Helen K., Dennis, Sarah M., Middleton, Sandy, Van Schayck, CP, Crockett, Alan J., Hasan, Iqbal, Hermiz, Oshana, Vagholkar, Sanjyot, Marks, Guy B. and Zwar, Nicholas A.. (2012). A pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial of early intervention for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by practice nurse-general practitioner teams : Study Protocol. Implementation Science. 7(1), pp. 1 - 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-7-83
A qualitative study of stakeholder views of the conditions for and outcomes of successful clinical networks
McInnes, Elizabeth, Middleton, Sandy, Gardner, Glenn, Haines, Mary, Haertsch, Maggie, Paul, Christine L. and Castaldi, Peter. (2012). A qualitative study of stakeholder views of the conditions for and outcomes of successful clinical networks. BMC Health Services Research. 12(1), p. Article 49. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-12-49
Determinants of successful clinical networks : The conceptual framework and study protocol
Haines, Mary, Brown, Bernadette, Craig, Jonathan, D'Este, Catherine, Elliott, Elizabeth, Klineberg, Emily, McInnes, Elizabeth, Middleton, Sandy, Paul, Christine, Redman, Sally and Yano, Elizabeth M.. (2012). Determinants of successful clinical networks : The conceptual framework and study protocol. Implementation Science. 7(16), pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-7-16
Peri-operative nurses' knowledge and reported practice of pressure injury risk assessment and prevention : A before-after intervention study
Sutherland-Fraser, Sally, McInnes, Elizabeth, Maher, Elisabeth and Middleton, Sandy. (2012). Peri-operative nurses' knowledge and reported practice of pressure injury risk assessment and prevention : A before-after intervention study. BMC Nursing. 11, p. Article 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6955-11-25
Preventing pressure ulcers -- Are pressure-redistributing support surfaces effective? A Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis
McInnes, Elizabeth, Jammali-Blasi, Asmara, Bell-Syer, Sally, Dumville, Jo and Cullum, Nicky. (2012). Preventing pressure ulcers -- Are pressure-redistributing support surfaces effective? A Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 49(3), pp. 345 - 359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2011.10.014
Preventing hypothermia in elective arthroscopic shoulder surgery patients : A protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Duff, Jed, di Staso, Renatta, Cobbe, Kerry-Anne, Draper, Nicole, Tan, Simon, Haliday, Emma, Middleton, Sandy, Lam, Lawerence and Walker, Kim. (2012). Preventing hypothermia in elective arthroscopic shoulder surgery patients : A protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMC Surgery. 12(14), pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2482-12-14
The use of morphine to treat cancer related pain: a worked example of critical interpretive synthesis
Flemmings, Kate and McInnes, Elizabeth. (2012). The use of morphine to treat cancer related pain: a worked example of critical interpretive synthesis. In In K. Haines and C. Lockwood (Ed.). Choosing the right approach pp. 59 - 82 John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119959847.ch4
Improving quality of life by increasing outings after stroke : Study protocol for the Out-and-About trial
McClusky, Annie, Ada, Louise, Middleton, Sandy, Kelly, Patrick J., Goodall, Stephen, Grimshaw, Jeremy M., Logan, Pip, Longworth, Mark and Karageorge, A.. (2012). Improving quality of life by increasing outings after stroke : Study protocol for the Out-and-About trial. International Journal of Stroke. 8(1), pp. 54-58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00966.x
An outcomes approach to stroke care : The importance of teamwork and evidence-based nursing care
Middleton, Sandy. (2012). An outcomes approach to stroke care : The importance of teamwork and evidence-based nursing care. International Journal of Stroke. 7(3), pp. 224-226. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00774.x
Repositioning for pressure ulcer prevention in adults (Protocol)
Gillespie, Brigid, Chaboyer, Wendy, McInnes, Elizabeth, Kent, Bridie and Whitty, Jennifer. (2012). Repositioning for pressure ulcer prevention in adults (Protocol). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009958
End-of-life care in the intensive care unit: A systematic review of qualitative studies investigating the experiences and perceptions of the patient's families
Coventry, Alysia, McInnes, Elizabeth and Rosenberg, John. (2012). End-of-life care in the intensive care unit: A systematic review of qualitative studies investigating the experiences and perceptions of the patient's families. JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports. 10, pp. 95 - 106. https://doi.org/10.11124/jbisrir-2012-177
Older people's views in relation to risk of falling and need for intervention: A meta-ethnography
McInnes, Elizabeth, Seers, Kate and Tutton, Liz. (2011). Older people's views in relation to risk of falling and need for intervention: A meta-ethnography. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 67(12), pp. 2525 - 2536. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05707.x
Predictors of accuracy of diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in general practice
Zwar, Nicholas A., Marks, Guy B., Hermiz, Oshana, Middleton, Sandy, Comino, Elizabeth J., Hasan, Iqbal, Vagholkar, Sanjyot and Wilson, Stephen F.. (2011). Predictors of accuracy of diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in general practice. Medical Journal of Australia. 195(4), pp. 168-171. https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2011.tb03271.x
An investigation of family carers' needs following stroke survivors' discharge from acute hospital care in Australia
Perry, Lin and Middleton, Sandy. (2011). An investigation of family carers' needs following stroke survivors' discharge from acute hospital care in Australia. Disability and Rehabilitation. 33(19-20), pp. 1890-1900. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2011.553702
Support surfaces for pressure ulcer prevention (Review)
McInnes, Elizabeth, Jammali-Blasi, Asmara, Bell-Syer, Sally E. M., Dumville, Jo C. and Cullum, Nicky. (2011). Support surfaces for pressure ulcer prevention (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001735.pub4
A study of 90-day outcomes for a cohort of patients admitted to an Australian metropolitan acute stroke unit
Jammali-Blasi, Asmara, McInnes, Elizabeth, Markus, Romesh, Faux, Steven, O'Loughlin, Grainne, Dale, Simeon and Middleton, Sandy. (2011). A study of 90-day outcomes for a cohort of patients admitted to an Australian metropolitan acute stroke unit. Journal of Vascular Nursing. 29(1), pp. 3-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvn.2010.11.004
Implementation of evidence-based treatment protocols to manage fever, hyperglycaemia, and swallowing dysfunction in acute stroke (QASC) : A cluster randomised controlled trial
Middleton, Sandy, McElduff, Patrick, Ward, Jeanette, Grimshaw, Jeremy M., Dale, Simeon, D'Este, Catherine, Drury, Peta, Griffiths, Rhonda, Cheung, N. Wah, Quinn, Clare, Evans, Malcolm, Cadilhac, Dominique and Levi, Christopher. (2011). Implementation of evidence-based treatment protocols to manage fever, hyperglycaemia, and swallowing dysfunction in acute stroke (QASC) : A cluster randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. 378(9804), pp. 1699-706. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61485-2
Support surfaces for treating pressure ulcers (Review)
McInnes, Elizabeth, Dumville, Jo C., Jammali-Blasi, Asmara and Bell-Syer, Sally E. M.. (2011). Support surfaces for treating pressure ulcers (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009490
The status of Australian nurse practitioners: The second national census
Middleton, Sandy, Gardner, Anne, Gardner, G. and Della, P R.. (2011). The status of Australian nurse practitioners: The second national census. Australian Health Review. 35(4), pp. 448 - 454. https://doi.org/10.1071/AH10987
Death, dependency and health status 90 days following hospital admission for acute stroke in NSW
Middleton, S., Levi, C., Ward, J., Grimshaw, J., Griffiths, R., D'Este, C., Dale, S., Quinn, C., Evans, M., Cadilhac, D. and McElduff, P.. (2011). Death, dependency and health status 90 days following hospital admission for acute stroke in NSW. Internal Medicine Journal. 41(10), pp. 736-743. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.2010.02330.x
Support surfaces for pressure ulcer prevention (Review)
McInnes, Elizabeth, Jammali-Blasi, Asmara, Bell-Syer, Sally, Dumville, Jo and Cullum, Nicky. (2011). Support surfaces for pressure ulcer prevention (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 21(21-22), pp. 3195 - 3198. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001735.pub4
Continence management in acute stroke : A survey of current practices in Australia
Jordan, Louise-Anne, Mackey, Elizabeth, Coughlan, Kelly, Wyer, Mary, Allnutt, Nissa and Middleton, Sandy. (2011). Continence management in acute stroke : A survey of current practices in Australia. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 67(1), pp. 94-104. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05480.x
Clinical guidelines for stroke management 2010
National Stroke Foundation and *Middleton, Sandy. (2010). Clinical guidelines for stroke management 2010 National Stroke Foundation.
Foreword
Middleton, Sandy. (2010). Foreword. In In Williams, Jane, Perry, Lin and Watkins, Caroline (Ed.). Acute stroke nursing pp. vii-xi Wiley-Blackwell.
A snapshot of Australian nurse practitioners' extended practice activities
Gardner, Glenn, Gardner, Anne, Middleton, Sandy, Della, Phillip and Doubrovsky, Anna. (2010). A snapshot of Australian nurse practitioners' extended practice activities. The Nurse Practitioner Series. 3(1), pp. 8-15.
Evaluation of a housing support program for people who are at risk of homelessness : Perspective of people who refer clients
Rose, McMaster,, Hawley, Rhonda, Fletcher, Terese, Gillett, Wendy, McDermott, Susan and Middleton, Sandy. (2010). Evaluation of a housing support program for people who are at risk of homelessness : Perspective of people who refer clients. Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless. 19(April), pp. 18-46. https://doi.org/10.1179/105307810805365080
Who to turn to? Knowing the 'ropes' in an underbounded health care system
Chiarella, Mary and McInnes, Elizabeth. (2010). Who to turn to? Knowing the 'ropes' in an underbounded health care system. Contemporary Nurse. 36(February), pp. 10 - 20. https://doi.org/10.5172/conu.2010.36.1-2.010
The work of nurse practitioners
Gardner, Glenn, Gardner, Anne, Middleton, Sandy, Della, Phillip, Kain, Victoria and Doubrovsky, Anna. (2010). The work of nurse practitioners. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 66(10), pp. 2160-2169. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05379.x
The first Australian nurse practitioner census : A protocol to guide standardized collection of information about an emergent professional group
Middleton, Sandy, Gardner, Glenn, Gardner, Anne, Della, Phillip, Gibb, Michelle and Millar, Lynne. (2010). The first Australian nurse practitioner census : A protocol to guide standardized collection of information about an emergent professional group. International Journal of Nursing Practice. 16(5), pp. 517-524. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-172X.2010.01877.x
Development and validation of a novel approach to work sampling : A study of work practitioner work patterns
Gardner, Glenn, Gardner, Anne, Middleton, Sandy, Gibb, Michelle, Della, Phillip and Duffield, Christine. (2010). Development and validation of a novel approach to work sampling : A study of work practitioner work patterns. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing. 27(4), pp. 4-12.
Setting stroke research priorities : The consumer perspective
Sangvatanakul, Pukkaporn, Hillege, Sharon, Lalor, Erin, Levi, Christopher, Hill, Kelvin and Middleton, Sandy. (2010). Setting stroke research priorities : The consumer perspective. Journal of Vascular Nursing. 28(4), pp. 121-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvn.2010.09.001
Testing the effect of a targeted intervention on nurses' compliance with 'best practice' mechanical venous thromboembolism prevention
Li, Francesca, Walker, Kim, McInnes, Elizabeth and Duff, Jed. (2010). Testing the effect of a targeted intervention on nurses' compliance with 'best practice' mechanical venous thromboembolism prevention. Journal of Vascular Nursing. 28(3), pp. 92 - 96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvn.2010.06.002
Patient care guidelines : A telephone survey of intensive care practices in New South Wales
Knowles, Serena, Rolls, Kaye, Elliott, Doug, Hardy, Jennifer and Middleton, Sandy. (2010). Patient care guidelines : A telephone survey of intensive care practices in New South Wales. Australian Critical Care. 23(1), pp. 21-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2009.10.001
Increasing delivery of an outdoor journey intervention to people with stroke : A feasibility study involving five community rehabilitation teams
McCluskey, Annie and Middleton, Sandy. (2010). Increasing delivery of an outdoor journey intervention to people with stroke : A feasibility study involving five community rehabilitation teams. Implementation Science. 5, p. Article 59. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-5-59
Clients' understanding of the role of nurse practitioners
Susan, Allnutt,, Allnutt, Nissa, McMaster, Rose, O'Connell, Jane, Middleton, Sandy, Hillege, Sharon, Della, Phillip R., Gardner, Glenn E. and Gardner, Anne. (2010). Clients' understanding of the role of nurse practitioners. Australian Health Review. 34(1), pp. 59-65. https://doi.org/10.1071/AH09688
Nurses report a healthy culture : Results of the Practice Environment Scale (Australia) in an Australian hospital seeking magnet recognition
Walker, Kim, Middleton, Sandy, Rolley, John and Duff, Jed. (2010). Nurses report a healthy culture : Results of the Practice Environment Scale (Australia) in an Australian hospital seeking magnet recognition. International Journal of Nursing Practice. 16(6), pp. 616-623. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-172X.2010.01890.x
Protocol and pilot data for establishing the Australian Stroke Clinical Registry
Cadihac, Dominique A., Lannin, Natasha A., Anderson, Craig S., Levi, Christopher R., Faux, Steven, Price, Chris, Middleton, Sandy, Lim, Joyce, Thrift, Amanda G. and Donnan, Geoffrey. (2010). Protocol and pilot data for establishing the Australian Stroke Clinical Registry. International Journal of Stroke. 5(3), pp. 217-226. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4949.2010.00430.x
Delivering an evidence-based outdoor journey intervention to people with stroke : Barriers and enablers experienced by community rehabilitation teams
McCluskey, Annie and Middleton, Sandy. (2010). Delivering an evidence-based outdoor journey intervention to people with stroke : Barriers and enablers experienced by community rehabilitation teams. BMC Health Services Research. 10, p. Article 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-10-18
Celebrating connecting with communities: Coproduction in global primary health care
Chiarella, Mary, Savage, Jane and McInnes, Elizabeth. (2010). Celebrating connecting with communities: Coproduction in global primary health care. Primary Health Care Research and Development. 11(2), pp. 108 - 122.
In their own words: Support surfaces to prevent pressure ulcers
McInnes, Elizabeth. (2010). In their own words: Support surfaces to prevent pressure ulcers. Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine. 3(2), pp. 132 - 132. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-5391.2010.01081.x
The status of Australian nurse practitioners : The first national census
Gardner, Anne, Della, Phillip R., Middleton, Sandy and Gardner, Glenn. (2009). The status of Australian nurse practitioners : The first national census. Australian Health Review. 33(4), pp. 679-689. https://doi.org/10.1071/AH090679
Letter: Evidence-based wound care in the UK: A response to David Leaper's Editorial in International Wound Journal April 2009 6(2)
Bell-Syer, Sally, Brady, Marian, Bruce, Julie, Cullum, Nicky A., Foxlee, Ruth, Jull, Andrew, Margolis, David, McInnes, Elizabeth, Nelson, Andre, O'Meara, Susan and Ubbink, Dirk. (2009). Letter: Evidence-based wound care in the UK: A response to David Leaper's Editorial in International Wound Journal April 2009 6(2). International Wound Journal. 6(4), pp. 306 - 309. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-481X.2009.00620_1.x
Why fellowship? Peak professional bodies, peer recognition and credentialing in Australia
Middleton, Sandy, Walker, Kim and Leigh, Trina. (2009). Why fellowship? Peak professional bodies, peer recognition and credentialing in Australia. Collegian. 16(4), pp. 177-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2009.06.002
Implementing clinical guidelines for acute stroke management : Do nurses have a lead role?
Hill, Kelvin, Middleton, Sandy, O'Brien, Elizabeth and Lalor, Erin. (2009). Implementing clinical guidelines for acute stroke management : Do nurses have a lead role? Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing. 26(3), pp. 53-58.
Fever, hyperglycaemia and swallowing dysfunction management in acute stroke : A cluster randomised controlled trial of knowledge transfer
Middleton, Sandy, Levi, Christopher, Ward, Jeanette, Grimshaw, Jeremy, Griffiths, Rhonda, D'Este, Catherine, Dale, Simeon, Cheung, N. Wah, Quinn, Clare, Evans, Malcolm and Cadihac, Dominique. (2009). Fever, hyperglycaemia and swallowing dysfunction management in acute stroke : A cluster randomised controlled trial of knowledge transfer. Implementation Science. 4, p. Article 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-4-16
Support surfaces for pressure ulcer prevention
McInnes, Elizabeth, Cullum, Nicky A., Bell-Syer, Sally, Dumville, Jo C. and Jammali-Blasi, Asmara. (2008). Support surfaces for pressure ulcer prevention. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001735.pub3
Support surfaces for pressure ulcer prevention
McInnes, Elizabeth, Cullum, Nicky, Bell-Syer, Sally and Legood, Rosa. (2008). Support surfaces for pressure ulcer prevention. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001735.pub2
The management of non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) in Australian general practice : Bridging the evidence-practice gap. A national representative postal survey
Gatellari, Melina, Worthington, John, Zwar, Nicholas A. and Middleton, Sandy. (2008). The management of non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) in Australian general practice : Bridging the evidence-practice gap. A national representative postal survey. BMC Family Practice. 9, p. Article 62. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2296-9-62
Nursing practice environment : How does one Australian hospital compare with magnet hospitals?
Middleton, Sandy, Griffiths, Rhonda, Fernandez, Ritin and Smith, Bronwyn. (2008). Nursing practice environment : How does one Australian hospital compare with magnet hospitals? International Journal of Nursing Practice. 14(5), pp. 366-372. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-172X.2008.00708.x
A cluster randomised controlled trial of nurse and GP partnership for care of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Zwar, Nicholas, Hermiz, Oshana, Hasan, Iqbal, Comino, Elizabeth, Middleton, Sandy, Vagholkar, Sanjyot and Marks, Guy. (2008). A cluster randomised controlled trial of nurse and GP partnership for care of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. BMC Pulmonary Medicine. 8, p. Article 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2466-8-8
Barriers to the use of anticoagulation for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation : A representative survey of Australian family physicians
Gatellari, Melina, Worthington, John, Zwar, Nicholas and Middleton, Sandy. (2008). Barriers to the use of anticoagulation for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation : A representative survey of Australian family physicians. Stroke. 39(1), pp. 227-230. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.495036
An overview of the competency movement in nursing and midwifery
Tho, Debra, Chiarella, Mary, McInnes, Elizabeth and Lau, Cecilia. (2008). An overview of the competency movement in nursing and midwifery. Collegian. 15(2), pp. 45 - 53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2008.02.001
Using the qualitative assessment and review instrument (QARI) software to synthesise studies on older people's views and experiences of falls prevention
McInnes, Elizabeth and Wimpenny, Peter. (2008). Using the qualitative assessment and review instrument (QARI) software to synthesise studies on older people's views and experiences of falls prevention. International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare. 6(3), pp. 337 - 344.
Legality, morality and reality - the role of the nurse in maintaining standards of care
Chiarella, Mary and McInnes, Elizabeth. (2008). Legality, morality and reality - the role of the nurse in maintaining standards of care. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing. 26(1), pp. 77 - 83.
A systematic review of older people's perceptions of facilitators and barriers to participation in falls-prevention interventions
Bunn, Frances, Dickinson, Angela, Barnett-Page, Elaine, McInnes, Elizabeth and Horton, Khim. (2008). A systematic review of older people's perceptions of facilitators and barriers to participation in falls-prevention interventions. Ageing and Society. 28(4), pp. 449 - 472. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X07006861
Identifying measures for evaluating new models of nursing care : A survey of NSW nurse practitioners
Middleton, Sandy, Allnutt, Susan, Griffiths, R., McMaster, Rose, O'Connell, Jane and Hillege, Sharon. (2007). Identifying measures for evaluating new models of nursing care : A survey of NSW nurse practitioners. International Journal of Nursing Practice. 13(6), pp. 331-340. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-172X.2007.00647.x
Reviewing recommendations of root cause analyses
Middleton, Sandy, Chapman, Barbara, Griffiths, Rhonda and Chester, Rosemary. (2007). Reviewing recommendations of root cause analyses. Australian Health Review. 31(2), pp. 288-295. https://doi.org/10.1071/AH070288
Audit or research? Should nurse practitioners participate in these types of evaluation and what is the difference between them?
Middleton, Sandy. (2007). Audit or research? Should nurse practitioners participate in these types of evaluation and what is the difference between them? The Nurse Practitioner Series. 2(1), pp. 26-32.
Barriers to using warfarin in non-valvular atrial fibrillation [Letter]
Gattellari, Melina, Zwar, Nicholas A., Worthington, John M. and Middleton, Sandy. (2006). Barriers to using warfarin in non-valvular atrial fibrillation [Letter] BMJ Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.332.7536.303-b
Assessing surgeons' disclosure of risk information before carotid endarterrctomy
Middleton, Sandy, Gatellari, Melina, Harris, John P. and Ward, Jeanette E.. (2006). Assessing surgeons' disclosure of risk information before carotid endarterrctomy. ANZ Journal of Surgery. 76(7), pp. 618-624. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-2197.2006.03788.x
Implementing root cause analysis in an area health service : Views of the participants
Middleton, Sandy, Walker, Carol and Chester, Rosemary. (2005). Implementing root cause analysis in an area health service : Views of the participants. Australian Health Review. 29(4), pp. 422-428. https://doi.org/10.1071/AH050422
Nursing intervention after carotid endarterectomy : A randomized trial of co-ordinated care post discharge (CCPD)
Middleton, Sandy, Donnelly, Neil, Harris, John and Ward, Jeanette. (2005). Nursing intervention after carotid endarterectomy : A randomized trial of co-ordinated care post discharge (CCPD). Journal of Advanced Nursing. 52(3), pp. 250-261. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03587.x
Clinical practice guidelines for the assessment and prevention of falls in older people
McInnes, Elizabeth, Gibbons, Elizabeth and Chandler-Oatts, Jacqueline. (2005). Clinical practice guidelines for the assessment and prevention of falls in older people. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing. 2(1), pp. 33 - 36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-475X.2005.04094.x
Developing a guideline on the use of pressure-relieving
Legood, Rosa and McInnes, Elizabeth. (2005). Developing a guideline on the use of pressure-relieving. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 50(3), pp. 307 - 314. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03394.x
Effective discharge policy : Are we getting there?
Middleton, Sandy, Appleberg, Michael, Girgis, Seham and Ward, Jeanette E.. (2004). Effective discharge policy : Are we getting there? Australian Health Review. 28(3), pp. 255-259. https://doi.org/10.1071/AH040255
The prevention of pressure ulcers
Rycroft-Malone, Jo and McInnes, Elizabeth. (2004). The prevention of pressure ulcers. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing. 1(2), pp. 146 - 149. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6787.2004.04032.x
Evidence review on older people's views and experiences of falls prevention strategies
McInnes, Elizabeth and Askie, Lisa. (2004). Evidence review on older people's views and experiences of falls prevention strategies. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing. 1(1), pp. 20 - 37. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6787.2004.04013.x
Developing national clinical practice guidelines :the NICE experience
McInnes, Elizabeth. (2004). Developing national clinical practice guidelines :the NICE experience. Implementing evidence based practice in nursing and midwifery. Adelaide, Australia: The Joanna Briggs Institute. pp. 73 - 76
Improving stroke outcomes in Australia : A study of GP perspectives
Middleton, Sandy, Harris, John P., Sharpe, David M., Corbett, Alastair J., Lusby, Robert J. and Ward, Jeanette E.. (2004). Improving stroke outcomes in Australia : A study of GP perspectives. Australian Journal of Primary Health. 10(2), pp. 21-28. https://doi.org/10.1071/PY04022
The use of pressure-relieving devices (beds, mattresses and overlays) for the prevention of pressure ulcers in primary and secondary care
McInnes, Elizabeth. (2004). The use of pressure-relieving devices (beds, mattresses and overlays) for the prevention of pressure ulcers in primary and secondary care. Journal of Tissue Viability. 14(1), pp. 4 - 23.
Evidence-based practice
Richens, Yana, Loftus-Hills, Alison and McInnes, Elizabeth Catherine. (2003). Evidence-based practice. In In S. Hinchliff, S. Norman and J. Schober (Ed.). Nursing practice and health care pp. 149 - 176 Hodder Arnold.
Contamination of interventional research is possible through GP membership of more than one division
Middleton, Sandy and Ward, Jeanette. (2003). Contamination of interventional research is possible through GP membership of more than one division. Australian Family Physician. 32(1-2), pp. 95-96.
GP's views of quality initiatives to improve stroke outcomes following CEA
Middleton, Sandy, Harris, John, Lusby, Robert and Ward, Jeanette. (2003). GP's views of quality initiatives to improve stroke outcomes following CEA. Australian Family Physician. 32(10), pp. 858-861.
Vascular disease risk factor management four years after carotid endarterectomy : Are opportunities missed?
Middleton, Sandy, Harris, John, Lusby, R. and Ward, Jeanette. (2003). Vascular disease risk factor management four years after carotid endarterectomy : Are opportunities missed? ANZ Journal of Surgery. 73(4), pp. 225-231. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1445-1433.2002.02570.x
Case scenarios to assess Australian general practitioners' understanding of stroke diagnosis, management and prevention
Middleton, Sandy, Sharpe, David, Harris, John, Corbett, Alastair, Lusby, Robert and Ward, Jeanette. (2003). Case scenarios to assess Australian general practitioners' understanding of stroke diagnosis, management and prevention. Stroke. 34(11), pp. 2681-2686. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000096209.04460.BB
The Avoid Stroke as Soon as Possible (ASAP) general practice stroke audit [Letter]
Middleton, Sandy, Donnelly, Neil and Ward, Jeanette E.. (2002). The Avoid Stroke as Soon as Possible (ASAP) general practice stroke audit [Letter] John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2002.tb04857.x
Are there commonalities among audit tools used to measure carotid endarterectomy outcomes in new south wales?
Middleton, Sandy and Ward, Jeanette. (2002). Are there commonalities among audit tools used to measure carotid endarterectomy outcomes in new south wales? ANZ Journal of Surgery. 72(1), pp. 21-24. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1445-2197.2002.02292.x
Outcomes of carotid endarterectomy : How does the Australian state of New South Wales compare with international benchmarks?
Middleton, Sandy and Donnelly, Neil. (2002). Outcomes of carotid endarterectomy : How does the Australian state of New South Wales compare with international benchmarks? Journal of Vascular Surgery. 36(1), pp. 62-69. https://doi.org/10.1067/mva.2002.123088
Audit of long-term mortality and morbidity outcomes for carotid endarterectomy
Middleton, Sandy, Donnelly, Neil, Harris, John, Lusby, Robert and Ward, Jeanette. (2002). Audit of long-term mortality and morbidity outcomes for carotid endarterectomy. Australian Health Review. 25(4), pp. 81-91. https://doi.org/10.1071/AH020081
Measuring outcomes from the patients' perspective
Middleton, Sandy and Lumby, Judy. (1999). Measuring outcomes from the patients' perspective. International Journal of Nursing Practice. 5(3), pp. 143-146. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-172x.1999.00165.x
Outcome evaluation in nursing in Australia, 1960-1980
Middleton, Sandy and Lumby, Judy. (1998). Outcome evaluation in nursing in Australia, 1960-1980. Australian Health Review. 21(4), pp. 72-79. https://doi.org/10.1071/AH980072
Exploring the precursors of outcome evaluation in Australia : Linking structure, process and outcome by peer review
Middleton, Sandy and Lumby, Judy. (1998). Exploring the precursors of outcome evaluation in Australia : Linking structure, process and outcome by peer review. International Journal of Nursing Practice. 4(3), pp. 151-155. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-172X.1998.00086.x