Boston Marathon athlete performance outcomes and intra-event medical encounter risk associated with low energy availability indicators

Journal article

Whitney, Kristin E., DeJong Lempke, Alexandra F., Stellingwerff, Trent, Burke, Louise M., Holtzman, Bryan, Baggish, Aaron L., D'Hemecourt, Pierre A., Dyer, Sophia, Troyanos, Chris, Adelzadeh, Kaya, Saville, Grace H., Heikura, Ida A., Farnsworth, Nicole, Reece, Laura, Hackney, Anthony C. and Ackerman, Kathryn E.. (2025). Boston Marathon athlete performance outcomes and intra-event medical encounter risk associated with low energy availability indicators. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 59(4), pp. 222-230. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108181
AuthorsWhitney, Kristin E., DeJong Lempke, Alexandra F., Stellingwerff, Trent, Burke, Louise M., Holtzman, Bryan, Baggish, Aaron L., D'Hemecourt, Pierre A., Dyer, Sophia, Troyanos, Chris, Adelzadeh, Kaya, Saville, Grace H., Heikura, Ida A., Farnsworth, Nicole, Reece, Laura, Hackney, Anthony C. and Ackerman, Kathryn E.
Abstract

Objective
To determine the association between survey-based self-reported problematic low energy availability indicators (LEA-I) and race performance and intra-event medical encounters during the Boston Marathon.

Methods
1030 runners who were registered for the 2022 Boston Marathon completed an electronic survey (1–4 weeks pre-race) assessing LEA-I, training and medical history. De-identified survey data were linked to event wearable timing chips and medical encounter records. LEA-I was defined as: an elevated Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire score, elevated Low Energy Availability (LEA) in Females Questionnaire score, LEA in Males Questionnaire with a focus on gonadal dysfunction score and/or self-report of diagnosed eating disorder/disordered eating.

Results
The prevalence of LEA-I was 232/546 (42.5%) in females and 85/484 (17.6%) in males. Athletes without LEA-I (non-LEA-I) achieved significantly better race times versus those with LEA-I (accounting for demographic and anthropomorphic data, training history and marathon experience), along with better division finishing place (DFP) mean outcomes (women’s DFP: 948.9±57.6 versus 1377.4±82.9, p<0.001; men’s DFP: 794.6±41.0 versus 1262.4±103.3, p<0.001). Compared with non-LEA-I athletes, LEA-I athletes had 1.99-fold (95% CI: 1.15 to 3.43) increased relative risk (RR) of an intra-event medical encounter of any severity level, and a 2.86-fold increased RR (95% CI:1.31 to 6.24) of a major medical encounter.

Conclusion
This is the largest study to link LEA-I to intra-event athletic performance and medical encounters. LEA-I were associated with worse race performance and increased risk of intra-event medical encounters, supporting the negative performance and medical risks associated with problematic LEA-I in marathon athletes.

Year2025
JournalBritish Journal of Sports Medicine
Journal citation59 (4), pp. 222-230
PublisherBMJ Publishing Group
ISSN0306-3674
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108181
PubMed ID39532316
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85214461019
PubMed Central IDPMC11874277
Open accessPublished as ‘gold’ (paid) open access
Page range222-230
FunderJoe and Clara Tsai Foundation
Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance
Eleanor and Miles Shore Faculty Development Awards Program, Harvard Medical School
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital
Publisher's version
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Open
Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Online06 Feb 2025
Publication process dates
Accepted15 Oct 2024
Deposited03 Jun 2025
Additional information

© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2025. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ Group.

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Stellingwerff, Trent, Heikura, Ida A., Meeusen, Romain, Bermon, Stéphane, Seiler, Stephen, Mountjoy, Margo L. and Burke, Louise M.. (2021). Overtraining Syndrome (OTS) and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) : Shared pathways, symptoms and complexities. Sports Medicine. 51(11), pp. 2251-2280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01491-0
The effects of an acute "train-low" nutritional protocol on markers of recovery otpimization in endurance-trained male athletes
Russo, Isabella, Della Gatta, Paul A., Garnham, Andrew, Porter, Judi, Burke, Louise M. and Costa, Ricardo J. S.. (2021). The effects of an acute "train-low" nutritional protocol on markers of recovery otpimization in endurance-trained male athletes. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 16(12), pp. 1764-1776. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2020-0847
Dietary manipulation for optimizing endurance training adaptations and performance : Carbohydrate vs. fat
Whitfield, Jamie and Burke, Louise M.. (2021). Dietary manipulation for optimizing endurance training adaptations and performance : Carbohydrate vs. fat. In In Tiidus, Peter M., MacPherson, Rebecca E. K., LeBlanc, Paul J. and Josse, Andrea R. (Ed.). The Routledge handbook on biochemistry of exercise pp. 292-303 Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003123835-19
Infographic. UEFA expert group 2020 statement on nutrition in elite football
Collins, James, Maughan, Ronald John, Gleeson, Mike, Bilsborough, Johann, Jeukendrup, Asker, Morton, James P., Phillips, S. M., Armstrong, Lawrence E., Burke, Louise M., Close, Graeme L., Duffield, Rob, Larson-Meyer, Enette, Louis, Julien, Medina, Daniel, Meyer, Flavia, Rollo, Ian, Sundgot-Borgen, Jorunn Kaiander, Wall, Benjamin, Boullosa, Beatriz, ... McCall, Alan. (2021). Infographic. UEFA expert group 2020 statement on nutrition in elite football. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 55(8), pp. 453-455. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-103410
Nutritional approaches to counter performance constraints in high level sports competition
Burke, Louise M.. (2021). Nutritional approaches to counter performance constraints in high level sports competition. Experimental Physiology. 106(12), pp. 2304-2323. https://doi.org/10.1113/EP088188
ACSM expert consensus statement on weight loss in weight-category sports
Burke, Louise M., Slater, Gary J., Matthews, Joseph J., Langan-Evans, Carl and Horswill, Craig A.. (2021). ACSM expert consensus statement on weight loss in weight-category sports. Current Sports Medicine Reports. 20(4), pp. 199-217. https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0000000000000831
International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand : Sodium bicarbonate and exercise performance
Grgic, Jozo, Pedisic, Zeljko, Saunders, Bryan, Artioli, Guilherme G., Schoenfeld, Brad J., McKenna, Michael J., Bishop, David J., Kreider, Richard B., Stout, Jeffrey R., Kalman, Douglas S., Arent, Shawn M., VanDusseldorp, Trisha A., Lopez, Hector L., Ziegenfuss, Tim N., Burke, Louise M., Antonio, Jose and Campbell, Bill I.. (2021). International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand : Sodium bicarbonate and exercise performance. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 18, p. Article: 61. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-021-00458-w
Neither beetroot juice supplementation nor increased carbohydrate oxidation enhance economy of prolonged exercise in elite race walkers
Burke, Louise M., Hall, Rebecca, Heikura, Ida A., Ross, Megan L., Tee, Nicolin, Kent, Georgina L., Whitfield, Jamie, Forbes, Sara F., Sharma, Avish P., Jones, Andrew M., Peeling, Peter, Blackwell, Jamie R., Mujika, Iñigo, Mackay, Karen, Kozior, Marta, Vallance, Brent and McKay, Alannah K. A.. (2021). Neither beetroot juice supplementation nor increased carbohydrate oxidation enhance economy of prolonged exercise in elite race walkers. Nutrients. 13(8), p. Article 2767. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082767
The validity of ultrasound technology in providing an indirect estimate of muscle glycogen concentrations is equivocal
Bone, Julia L., Ross, Megan L., Tomcik, Kristyen A., Jeacocke, Nikki A., McKay, Alannah K. A. and Burke, Louise M.. (2021). The validity of ultrasound technology in providing an indirect estimate of muscle glycogen concentrations is equivocal. Nutrients. 13(7), p. Article 2371. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072371
Ketogenic low-CHO, high-fat diet : The future of elite endurance sport?
Burke, Louise. (2021). Ketogenic low-CHO, high-fat diet : The future of elite endurance sport? The Journal of Physiology. 599(3), pp. 819-843. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP278928
Athlete health and safety at large sport events : The development of consensus-driven guidelines
Mountjoy, Margo, Moran, Jane, Ahmed, Hosny, Bermon, Stephane, Bigard, Xavier, Doerr, Dominik, Lacoste, Alain, Miller, Stuart, Weber, Alexis, Foster, Jeremy, Budgett, Richard, Engebretsen, Lars, Burke, Louise M., Gouttebarge, Vincent, McCloskey, Brian, Piccininni, Paul, Racinais, Sebastien, Stuart, Mark and Zideman, David. (2021). Athlete health and safety at large sport events : The development of consensus-driven guidelines. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 55(4), pp. 191-197. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102771
Postexercise hot-water immersion does not further enhance heat adaptation or performance in endurance athletes training in a hot environment
Stevens, Christopher J., Ross, Megan L. R., Carr, Amelia J., Vallance, Brent, Best, Russ, Urwin, Charles, Periard, Julien D. and Burke, Louise. (2021). Postexercise hot-water immersion does not further enhance heat adaptation or performance in endurance athletes training in a hot environment. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 16(4), pp. 480-488. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2020-0114
Quinine ingestion during the latter stages of a 3,000-m time trial fails to improve cycling performance
Etxebarria, Naroa, Clark, Brad, Ross, Megan L., Hui, Timothy,, Goecke, Roland, Rattray, Ben and Burke, Louise, M.. (2021). Quinine ingestion during the latter stages of a 3,000-m time trial fails to improve cycling performance. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 31(1), pp. 9-12. https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSNEM.2020-0265
Acute ketogenic diet and ketone ester supplementation impairs race walk performance
Whitfield, Jamie, Burke, Louise M., McKay, Alannah K. A., Heikura, Ida A., Hall, Rebecca, Fensham, Nikita and Sharma, Avish P.. (2021). Acute ketogenic diet and ketone ester supplementation impairs race walk performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 53(4), pp. 776-784. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002517
Does the nutritional composition of dairy milk based recovery beverages influence post-exercise gastrointestinal and immune status, and subsequent markers of recovery optimisation in response to high intensity interval exercise?
Russo, Isabella, Della Gatta, Paul A., Garnham, Andrew, Porter, Judi, Burke, Louise M. and Costa, Ricardo J. S.. (2021). Does the nutritional composition of dairy milk based recovery beverages influence post-exercise gastrointestinal and immune status, and subsequent markers of recovery optimisation in response to high intensity interval exercise? Frontiers in Nutrition. 7, p. 622270. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.622270
Assessing overall exercise recovery processes using carbohydrate and carbohydrate-protein containing recovery beverages
Russo, Isabella, Della Gatta, Paul A., Garnham, Andrew, Porter, Judi, Burke, Louise M. and Costa, Ricardo J. S.. (2021). Assessing overall exercise recovery processes using carbohydrate and carbohydrate-protein containing recovery beverages. Frontiers in Physiology. 12, p. 628863. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.628863
Prevalence of impaired physiological function consistent with Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) : An Australian elite and pre-elite cohort
Rogers, Margot Anne, Appaneal, Renee Newcomer, Hughes, David, Vlahovich, Nicole, Waddington, Gordon, Burke, Louise M. and Drew, Michael. (2021). Prevalence of impaired physiological function consistent with Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) : An Australian elite and pre-elite cohort. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 55(1), pp. 38-45. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-101517
Sustained Exposure to High Carbohydrate Availability Does Not Influence Iron-Regulatory Responses in Elite Endurance Athletes
McKay, A., Peeling, P., Pyne, D.B., Tee, N., Welveart, M., Heikura, I., Sharma, A.P., Whitfield, J., Ross, M., van Swelm, R.P.L., Laarakkers, C.M. and Burke, L.. (2021). Sustained Exposure to High Carbohydrate Availability Does Not Influence Iron-Regulatory Responses in Elite Endurance Athletes. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 31(2), pp. 101-108. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0224
Chronic pantothenic acid supplementation does not affect muscle coenzyme A content or cycling performance
Whitfield, Jamie, Harris, Roger C., Broad, Elizabeth M., Patterson, Alison K., Ross, Megan L. R., Shaw, Gregory, Spriet, Lawrence L. and Burke, Louise M.. (2021). Chronic pantothenic acid supplementation does not affect muscle coenzyme A content or cycling performance. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism. 46(3), pp. 280-283. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2020-0692
Adaptation to Low Carbohydrate High Fat diet is rapid but impairs endurance exercise metabolism and performance despite enhanced glycogen availability
Burke, Louise M., Whitfield, Jamie, Heikura, Ida A., Ross, Megan L. R., Tee, Nicolin, Forbes, Sara F., Hall, Rebecca, McKay, Alannah K. A., Wallett, Alice M. and Sharma, Avish P.. (2021). Adaptation to Low Carbohydrate High Fat diet is rapid but impairs endurance exercise metabolism and performance despite enhanced glycogen availability. Journal of Physiology. 599(3), pp. 771-790. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP280221
Nutrition for sport and physical activity
Burke, Louise M. and Manore, Melinda M.. (2020). Nutrition for sport and physical activity. In In Marriott, Bernadette P., Birt, Diane F., Stallings, Virginia A. and Yates, Allison A. (Ed.). Present knowledge in nutrition : Clinical and applied topics in nutrition ; volume 2 pp. 101-120 Elsevier Inc.. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818460-8.00006-X
Body composition of elite Olympic combat sport athletes
Slater, Gary, Cox, Gregory R., Burke, Louise M. and Reale, Reid. (2020). Body composition of elite Olympic combat sport athletes. European Journal of Sport Science. 20(2), pp. 147-156. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1616826
Nutrition strategies for triathlon
Burke, Louise M. and Cox, Gregory R.. (2020). Nutrition strategies for triathlon. In In Migliorini, Sergio (Ed.). Triathlon medicine pp. 261-287 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22357-1_17
The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) and NationalEating Disorders Collaboration (NEDC) positionstatement on disordered eating in highperformance sport
Wells, Kimberley, Jeacocke, Nikki, Appaneal, Renee, Smith, Hillary, Vlahovich, Nicole, Burke, Louise Mary and Hughes, David. (2020). The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) and NationalEating Disorders Collaboration (NEDC) positionstatement on disordered eating in highperformance sport. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 54(21), pp. 1247-1258. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-101813
PRESENT 2020 : Text that develops the checklist for the adequate report of the evidence in clinical trials of sport and exercise nutrition (English-Spanish translation)
Betts, James A., Gonzalez, Javier T., Burke, Louise M., Close, Graeme L., Garthe, Ina, James, Lewis J., Jeukendrup, Asker E., Morton, James P., Nieman, David C., Peeling, Peter, Phillips, Stuart M., Stellingwerff, Trent, van Loon, Luc J. C., Williams, Clyde, Woolf, Kathleen, Maughan, Ron and Atkinson, Greg. (2020). PRESENT 2020 : Text that develops the checklist for the adequate report of the evidence in clinical trials of sport and exercise nutrition (English-Spanish translation). Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte. 13(4), pp. 244-254. https://doi.org/10.33155/J.RAMD.2020.11.004
Iron metabolism : Interactions with energy and carbohydrate availability
McKay, Alannah K. A., Pyne, David B., Burke, Louise M. and Peeling, Peter. (2020). Iron metabolism : Interactions with energy and carbohydrate availability. Nutrients. 12(12), p. 3692. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123692
The influence of biological sex and fitness status on markers of recovery optimisation in response to prolonged high intensity interval exercise
Russo, Isabella, Della Gatta, P. A., Garnham, Andrew, Porter, Judi, Burke, Louise and Costa, Ricardo J. S.. (2020). The influence of biological sex and fitness status on markers of recovery optimisation in response to prolonged high intensity interval exercise. International Journal of Sports Science. 10(6), pp. 145-163. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.sports.20201006.03
The Challenge of Maintaining Metabolic Health During a Global Pandemic
Andy J. King, Louise M. Burke, Shona L. Halson and John A. Hawley. (2020). The Challenge of Maintaining Metabolic Health During a Global Pandemic. Sports Medicine. 50(7), pp. 1233-1241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01295-8
Sports Dietitians Australia Position Statement: Nutrition for Exercise in Hot Environments
Alan J McCubbin, Bethanie A Allanson, Joanne N Caldwell Odgers, Michelle M Cort, Ricardo J S Costa, Gregory R. Cox, Siobhan Crawshay, Ben Desbrow, Eliza G Freney, Stephanie K Gaskell, David Hughes, Chris Irwin, Ollie Jay, Benita Lalor, Meg Ross, Gregory Shaw, Julien Periard and Louise Burke. (2020). Sports Dietitians Australia Position Statement: Nutrition for Exercise in Hot Environments. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 30(1), pp. 83-98. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2019-0300
PRESENT 2020: Text Expanding on the Checklist for Proper Reporting of Evidence in Sport and Exercise Nutrition Trials
James A. Betts, Javier T. Gonzalez, Louise Burke, Graeme L. Close, Ina Garthe, Lewis J James, Asker E Jeukendrup, James P. Morton, David C Nieman, Peter Peeling, Stuart M Phillips, Trent Stellingwerff, Lucas Van Loon, Clyde Williams, Kathleen Woolf, Ronald J. Maughan and Greg Atkinson. (2020). PRESENT 2020: Text Expanding on the Checklist for Proper Reporting of Evidence in Sport and Exercise Nutrition Trials. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 30(1), pp. 2-13. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2019-0326
Key viral immune genes and pathways identify elite athletes with URS
Colbey, Candice, Drew, Michael K., Cox, Amanda J., Vider, Jelena, Pyne, David B., Vlahovich, Nicole, Hughes, David, Waddington, Gordon, Appaneal, Renee, Burke, Louise M., Lundy, Bronwen, Toomey, Mary, Watts, David, Lovell, Gregory, Praet, Stephan, Halson, Shona L., Welvaert, Marijke, Zhang, Ping, Cripps, Allan W. and West, Nicholas P. (2020). Key viral immune genes and pathways identify elite athletes with URS. Exercise Immunology Review. 26, pp. 56-78.
Inflammation and oral contraceptive use in female athletes before the Rio Olympic Games
Larsen, Brianna, Cox, Amanda, Colbey, Candice, Drew, Michael, McGuire, Helen, Fazekas de St Groth, Barbara, Hughes, David, Vlahovich, Nicole, Waddington, Gordon, Burke, Louise, Lundy, Bronwen, West, Nicholas and Minahan, Clare. (2020). Inflammation and oral contraceptive use in female athletes before the Rio Olympic Games. Frontiers in Physiology. 11, pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00497
Crisis of confidence averted : Impairment of exercise economy and performance in elite race walkers by ketogenic low carbohydrate, high fat (LCHF) diet is reproducible
Burke, Louise M., Sharma, Avish P., Heikura, Ida A., Forbes, Sara F., Holloway, Melissa, McKay, Alannah K. A., Bone, Julia L., Leckey, Jill J., Welvaert, Marijke and Ross, Megan L.. (2020). Crisis of confidence averted : Impairment of exercise economy and performance in elite race walkers by ketogenic low carbohydrate, high fat (LCHF) diet is reproducible. PLoS ONE. 15(6), pp. 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234027
Core temperature responses to elite racewalking competition 
Stevens, Christopher John, Ross, Megan L., Périard, Julien D., Vallance, Brent S. and Burke, Louise M.. (2020). Core temperature responses to elite racewalking competition . International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 15(6), pp. 892-895. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0397
Carbohydrate hydrogel products do not improve performance or gastrointestinal distress during moderate-intensity endurance exercise
King, Andy J., Rowe, Joshua T. and Burke, Louise M.. (2020). Carbohydrate hydrogel products do not improve performance or gastrointestinal distress during moderate-intensity endurance exercise. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 30(5), pp. 305-314. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0102
Influence of periodizing dietary carbohydrate on iron regulation and immune function in elite triathletes
McKay, Alannah K.A., Heikura, Ida A., Burke, Louise, Peeling, Peter, Pyne, David B., van Swelm, Rachel P. L., Laarakkers, Coby M. and Cox, Gregory R.. (2020). Influence of periodizing dietary carbohydrate on iron regulation and immune function in elite triathletes. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 30(1), pp. 34 - 41. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2019-0131
Principles of sports nutrition
Broad, Elizabeth and Burke, Louise. (2019). Principles of sports nutrition. In In Broad, Elizabeth (Ed.). Sports nutrition for Paralympic athletes pp. 21-69 CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429491955-3
Supplements for Optimal Sports Performance
Burke, Louise. (2019). Supplements for Optimal Sports Performance. Current Opinion in Physiology. 10, pp. 156-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cophys.2019.05.009
Practical Hydration Solutions for Sport
Luke N Belval, Yuri Hosokawa, Douglas J Casa, William M Adams, Lawrence E Armstrong, Lindsay B Baker, Louise Burke, Samuel Cheuvront, George Chiampas, Jose Gonzalez-Alonso, Robert A Huggins, Stavrous A Kavouras, Elaine C Lee, Brendon P McDermott, Kevin Miller, Zachary Schlader, Stacy Sims, Rebecca L Stearns, Chris Troyanos and Jonathan Wingo. (2019). Practical Hydration Solutions for Sport. Nutrients. 11(7), pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11071550
Nutrition and Altitude: Strategies to Enhance Adaptation, Improve Performance and Maintain Health: A Narrative Review
Trent Stellingwerff, Peter Peeling, Laura Lewis, Rebecca Hall, Anu Koivisto, Ida A Heikura and Louise Burke. (2019). Nutrition and Altitude: Strategies to Enhance Adaptation, Improve Performance and Maintain Health: A Narrative Review. Sports Medicine. 49, pp. 169-184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01159-w
Muscle glycogen utilization during an Australian Rules Football game
Routledge, Harry E., Leckey, Jill J., Lee, Matt J., Garnham, Andrew, Graham, Stuart, Burgess, Darren, Burke, Louise M., Erskine, Robert M., Close, Graeme L. and Morton, James P.. (2019). Muscle glycogen utilization during an Australian Rules Football game. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 14(1), pp. 122-124. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0106
Nutrition for travel : From jet lag to catering
Halson, Shona L., Burke, Louise M. and Pearce, Jeni. (2019). Nutrition for travel : From jet lag to catering. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 29(2), pp. 228-235. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0278
International  Association of Athletics Federations Consensus Statement 2019: Nutrition for Athletics
Louise M. Burke, Linda M. Castell, Douglas J. Casa, Graeme L. Close, Ricardo J. S. Costa, Ben Desbrow, Shona L. Halson, Dana M. Lis, Anna K. Melin, Peter Peeling, Philo U. Saunders, Gary J. Slater, Jennifer Sygo, Oliver C. Witard, Stéphane Bermon and Trent Stellingwerff. (2019). International  Association of Athletics Federations Consensus Statement 2019: Nutrition for Athletics. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 29(2), pp. 73-84. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2019-0065
Contemporary nutrition strategies to optimize performance in distance runners and race walkers
Burke, Louise M., Jeukendrup, Asker E., Jones, Andrew M. and Mooses, Martin. (2019). Contemporary nutrition strategies to optimize performance in distance runners and race walkers. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 29(2), pp. 117-129. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2019-0004
A framework for periodized nutrition for athletics
Stellingwerff, Trent, Morton, James P. and Burke, Louise M.. (2019). A framework for periodized nutrition for athletics. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 29(2), pp. 141-151. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0305
Oral supplementation of specific collagen peptides combined with calf-strengthening exercises enhances function and reduces pain in achilles tendinopathy patients
Praet, Stephan F. E., Purdam, Craig R., Welvaert, Marijke, Vlahovich, Nicole, Lovell, Gregg, Burke, Louise M., Gaida, Jamie E., Manzanero, Silvia, Hughes, David and Waddington, Gordon. (2019). Oral supplementation of specific collagen peptides combined with calf-strengthening exercises enhances function and reduces pain in achilles tendinopathy patients. Nutrients. 11(1), pp. 1 - 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11010076
Hydration in sport and exercise
Burke, Louise. (2019). Hydration in sport and exercise. In In J. D. Périard and S. Racinais (Ed.). Heat stress in sport and exercise pp. 113 - 137 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93515-7_6
The impact of chronic carbohydrate manipulation on mucosal immunity in elite endurance athletes
McKay, Alannah K.A., Pyne, David B., Peeling, Peter, Sharma, Avish P., Ross, Megan L. R. and Burke, Louise M.. (2019). The impact of chronic carbohydrate manipulation on mucosal immunity in elite endurance athletes. Journal of Sports Sciences. 37(5), pp. 553 - 559. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2018.1521712
Nutrition and altitude: Strategies to enhance adaptation, improve performance and maintain health: A narrative review
Stellingwerff, Trent, Peeling, Peter, Garvican‑Lewis, Laura A., Hall, Rebecca, Koivisto, Anu E., Heikura, Ida A. and Burke, Louise M.. (2019). Nutrition and altitude: Strategies to enhance adaptation, improve performance and maintain health: A narrative review. Sports Medicine. 49(Supplement 2), pp. 169 - 184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01159-w
Ingesting a bitter solution: The sweet touch to increasing short-term cycling performance
Etxebarria, Naroa, Ross, Megan L., Clark, Brad and Burke, Louise M.. (2019). Ingesting a bitter solution: The sweet touch to increasing short-term cycling performance. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 14(6), pp. 727 - 732. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0554
The effects of dietary pattern during intensified training on stool microbiota of elite race walkers
Murtaza, Nida, Burke, Louise M., Vlahovich, Nicole, Charlesson, Bronwen, O'Neill, Hayley M., Ross, Megan L., Campbell, Katrina L., Krause, Lutz and Morrison, Mark. (2019). The effects of dietary pattern during intensified training on stool microbiota of elite race walkers. Nutrients. 11(2), pp. 1 - 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11020261
Plasma amino acid concentrations after the ingestion of dairy and collagen proteins, in healthy active males
Alcock, Rebekah D., Shaw, Gregory C., Tee, Nicolin and Burke, Louise M.. (2019). Plasma amino acid concentrations after the ingestion of dairy and collagen proteins, in healthy active males. Frontiers in Nutrition. 6, pp. 1 - 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2019.00163
Systematic Literature Review: The Effect of Dairy Milk on Markers of Recovery Optimisation in Response to Endurance Exercise
Russo, Isabella, Camoes-Costa, Vera, Gaskell, Stephanie K., Porter, Judi, Burke, Louise and Costa, Ricardo J. S.. (2019). Systematic Literature Review: The Effect of Dairy Milk on Markers of Recovery Optimisation in Response to Endurance Exercise. International Journal of Sports Science. 9(4), pp. 69 - 85.
The effect of beetroot juice supplementation on repeat-sprint performance in hypoxia
Kent, Georgina L., Dawson, Brian, McNaughton, Lars R., Cox, Gregory R., Burke, Louise and Peeling, Peter. (2019). The effect of beetroot juice supplementation on repeat-sprint performance in hypoxia. Journal of Sports Sciences. 37(3), pp. 339 - 346. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2018.1504369
Acute carbohydrate ingestion does not influence the post-exercise iron-regulatory response in elite keto-adapted race walkers
McKay, Alannah K. A., Peeling, Peter, Pyne, David B., Welvaert, Marijke, Tee, Nicolin, Leckey, Jill J., Sharma, Avish P., Ross, Megan L. R., Garvican-Lewis, Laura A., van Swelm, Rachel P. L., Laarakkers, Coby M. and Burke, Louise M.. (2019). Acute carbohydrate ingestion does not influence the post-exercise iron-regulatory response in elite keto-adapted race walkers. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 22(6), pp. 635 - 640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2018.12.015
Racing weight and resistance training: Perceptions and practices in trained male cyclists
Hoon, Matthew W., Haakonssen, Eric C., Menaspà, Paolo and Burke, Louise M.. (2019). Racing weight and resistance training: Perceptions and practices in trained male cyclists. The Physician and Sportsmedicine. 47(4), pp. 421 - 426. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.2019.1607602
Macronutrient periodisation
Burke, Louise M.. (2019). Macronutrient periodisation. In In R. Belski, A. Forsyth and E. Mantzioris (Ed.). Nutrition for sport, exercise and performance: A practical guide for students, sports enthusiasts and professionals pp. 1 - 18 Allen & Unwin.
Urinary hydroxyproline is only suitable as a biomarker for acute intake, upt to 6 hours post ingestion of collagen proteins in "free-living", healthy, active males
Alcock, Rebekah D., Shaw, Gregory C., Tee, Nicolin, Welvaert, Marijke and Burke, Louise M.. (2019). Urinary hydroxyproline is only suitable as a biomarker for acute intake, upt to 6 hours post ingestion of collagen proteins in "free-living", healthy, active males. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 29(5), pp. 461 - 465. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2019-0024
Analysis of the effects of dietary pattern on the oral microbiome of elite endurance athletes
Murtaza, Nida, Burke, Louise M., Vlahovich, Nicole, Charlesson, Bronwen, O'Neill, Hayley M., Ross, Megan L., Campbell, Katrina L., Krause, Lutz and Morrison, Mark. (2019). Analysis of the effects of dietary pattern on the oral microbiome of elite endurance athletes. Nutrients. 11(3), pp. 1 - 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11030614
Alternate-day low energy availability during Spring Classics in professional cyclists
Heikura, Ida A., Quod, Marc, Strobel, Nicki, Palfreeman, Roger, Civil, Rita and Burke, Louise. (2019). Alternate-day low energy availability during Spring Classics in professional cyclists. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 14(9), pp. 1233 - 1243. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0842
Chronic adherence to a ketogenic diet modifies iron metabolism in elite athletes
McKay, Alannah K.A., Peeling, Peter, Pyne, David B., Welvaert, Marijke, Tee, Nicolin, Leckey, Jill J., Sharma, Avish P., Ross, Megan L. R., Garvican-Lewis, Laura, Swinkels, Dorine W., Laarakkers, Coby M. and Burke, Louise M.. (2019). Chronic adherence to a ketogenic diet modifies iron metabolism in elite athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 51(3), pp. 548 - 555. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001816
Sports foods and dietary supplements for optimal function and performance enhancement in track and field athletes
Peeling, Peter, Castell, Linda M., Derave, Wim, de Hon, Olivier and Burke, Louise M.. (2019). Sports foods and dietary supplements for optimal function and performance enhancement in track and field athletes. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 29(2), pp. 198 - 209. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0271
Bone broth unlikely to provide reliable concentrations of collagen precursors compared with supplemental sources of collagen used in collagen research
Alcock, Rebekah D., Shaw, Gregory C. and Burke, Louise M.. (2019). Bone broth unlikely to provide reliable concentrations of collagen precursors compared with supplemental sources of collagen used in collagen research. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 29(3), pp. 265 - 272. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0139
Assessment of nutrient status in athletes and the need for supplementation
Larson-Meyer, D. Enette, Woolf, Kathleen and Burke, Louise. (2018). Assessment of nutrient status in athletes and the need for supplementation. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 28(2), pp. 139 - 158. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0338
An integrated, multifactorial approach to periodization for optimal performance in individual and team sports
Mujika, Iñigo, Halson, Shona, Burke, Louise M., Balagué, Gloria and Farrow, Damian. (2018). An integrated, multifactorial approach to periodization for optimal performance in individual and team sports. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 13(5), pp. 538 - 561. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0093
Evidence-based supplements for the enhancement of athletic performance
Peeling, Peter, Binnie, Martyn J., Goods, Paul S. R., Sim, Marc and Burke, Louise M.. (2018). Evidence-based supplements for the enhancement of athletic performance. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 28(2), pp. 178 - 187. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0343
IOC consensus statement on relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S): 2018 update
Mountjoy, Margo, Sundgot-Borgen, J., Burke, Louise, Ackerman, Kathryn E., Blauwet, Cheri, Constantini, Naama, Lebrun, Constance, Lundy, Bronwen, Melin, Anna, Meyer, Nanna L., Sherman, Roberta T., Tenforde, Adam S., Torstveit, Monica Klungland and Budgett, Richard. (2018). IOC consensus statement on relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S): 2018 update. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 52(11), pp. 687 - 697. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-099193
Effects of creatine and carbohydrate loading on cycling time trial performance
Tomcik, Kristyen A., Camera, Donny, Bone, Julia L. L., Ross, Meg, Jeacocke, N. A., Tachtsis, Bill, Senden, Joan M., Van Loon, Luc, Hawley, John and Burke, Louise. (2018). Effects of creatine and carbohydrate loading on cycling time trial performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 50(1), pp. 141 - 150. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001401
IOC consensus statement: dietary supplements and the high-performance athlete0306
Maughan, Ronald J., Burke, Louise, Dvorak, Jiri, Larson-Meyer, D. E., Peeling, Peter, Phillips, Stuart M., Rawson, Eric S., Walsh, Neil P., Garthe, Ina, Geyer, Hans, Meeusen, Romain, Van Loon, Luc, Shirreffs, Susan M., Spriet, Lawrence L., Stuart, Mark, Vernec, Alan, Currell, Kevin, Ali, Vidya M., Budgett, Richard, ... Engebretsen, Lars. (2018). IOC consensus statement: dietary supplements and the high-performance athlete0306. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 52(7), pp. 439 - 455. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-099027
Organization of dietary control for nutrition-training intervention involving periodized carbohydrate availability and ketogenic low-carbohydrate high-fat diet
Mirtschin, Joanne G., Forbes, Sara F., Cato, Louise E., Heikura, Ida A., Strobel, Nicki, Hall, Rebecca and Burke, Louise M.. (2018). Organization of dietary control for nutrition-training intervention involving periodized carbohydrate availability and ketogenic low-carbohydrate high-fat diet. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 28(5), pp. 480 - 489. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0249
Swifter, higher, stronger: what's on the menu?
Burke, Louise M. and Hawley, John A.. (2018). Swifter, higher, stronger: what's on the menu? Science. 362(6416), pp. 781 - 787. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau2093
Effect of dietary nitrate supplementation on thermoregulatory and cardiovascular responses to submaximal cycling in the heat
Kent, Georgina L., Dawson, Brian, Cox, Gregory R., Abbiss, Chris, Smith, Kurt J., Croft, Kevin, Lim, Zi X., Eastwood, Annette, Burke, Louise and Peeling, Peter. (2018). Effect of dietary nitrate supplementation on thermoregulatory and cardiovascular responses to submaximal cycling in the heat. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 118(3), pp. 657 - 668. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-018-3809-z
No difference in young adult athletes' resting energy expenditure when measured under inpatient or outpatient conditions
Bone, Julia L. and Burke, Louise M.. (2018). No difference in young adult athletes' resting energy expenditure when measured under inpatient or outpatient conditions. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 28(5), pp. 464 - 467. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2016-0315
Chronic ketogenic low carbohydrate high fat diet has minimal effects on acid-base status in elite athletes
Carr, Amelia J., Sharma, A., Ross, Megan L. L., Welvaert, Marijke, Slater, Gary and Burke, Louise. (2018). Chronic ketogenic low carbohydrate high fat diet has minimal effects on acid-base status in elite athletes. Nutrients. 10(2), pp. 1 - 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10020236
IOC Consensus Statement: Dietary Supplements and the High-Performance Athlete
Maughan, Ronald J., Burke, Louise, Dvorak, Jiri, Larson-Meyer, D. E., Peeling, Peter, Phillips, Stuart M., Rawson, Eric S., Walsh, Neil P., Garthe, Ina, Geyer, Hans, Meeusen, Romain, Van Loon, Luc, Shirreffs, Susan M., Spriet, Lawrence L., Stuart, Mark, Vernec, Alan, Currell, Kevin, Ali, Vidya M., Budgett, Richard, ... Engebretsen, Lars. (2018). IOC Consensus Statement: Dietary Supplements and the High-Performance Athlete. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 28(2), pp. 104 - 125. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0020
Effect of resistance training and protein intake pattern on myofibrillar protein synthesis and proteome kinetics in older men in energy restriction
Murphy, Caoileann, Shankaran, Mahalakshmi, Churchward-Venne, T. A., Mitchell, Cameron J., Kolar, Nathan M., Burke, Louise, Hawley, John, Kassis, Amira, Karagounis, Leonidas G., Li, Kelvin, King, Chelsea, Hellerstein, Marc and Phillips, S. M.. (2018). Effect of resistance training and protein intake pattern on myofibrillar protein synthesis and proteome kinetics in older men in energy restriction. The Journal of Physiology. 596(11), pp. 2091 - 2120. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP275246
Weight management practices of Australian Olympic combat sport athletes
Reale, Reid, Slater, Gary and Burke, Louise. (2018). Weight management practices of Australian Olympic combat sport athletes. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 13(4), pp. 459 - 466. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0553
International Olympic Committee (IOC) consensus statement on relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S): 2018 update
Mountjoy, Margo, Sundgot-Borgen, J., Burke, Louise, Ackerman, Kathryn E., Blauwet, Cheri, Constantini, Naama, Lebrun, Constance, Lundy, Bronwen, Melin, Anna, Meyer, Nanna L., Sherman, Roberta T., Tenforde, Adam S., Torstveit, Monica Klungland and Budgett, Richard. (2018). International Olympic Committee (IOC) consensus statement on relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S): 2018 update. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 28(4), pp. 316 - 331. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0136
Pitfalls of conducting and interpreting estimates of energy availability in free-living athletes
Burke, Louise, Lundy, Bronwen, Fahrenholtz, Ida L. and Melin, Anna. (2018). Pitfalls of conducting and interpreting estimates of energy availability in free-living athletes. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 28(4), pp. 350 - 363. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0142
The effect of water loading on acute weight loss following fluid restriction in combat sports athletes
Reale, Reid, Slater, Gary, Cox, Gregory R., Dunican, Ian C. and Burke, Louise M.. (2018). The effect of water loading on acute weight loss following fluid restriction in combat sports athletes. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 28(6), pp. 565 - 573. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0183
Low energy availability is difficult to assess but outcomes have large impact on bone injury rates in elite distance athletes
Heikura, Ida A., Uusitalo, Arja L. T., Stellingwerff, Trent, Bergland, Dan, Mero, Antti A. and Burke, Louise M.. (2018). Low energy availability is difficult to assess but outcomes have large impact on bone injury rates in elite distance athletes. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 28(4), pp. 403-411. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0313
Toward a common understanding of diet-exercise strategies to manipulate fuel availability for training and competition preparation in endurance sport
Burke, Louise, Hawley, John, Jeukendrup, A. E., Morton, James P., Stellingwerff, T. and Maughan, Ronald J.. (2018). Toward a common understanding of diet-exercise strategies to manipulate fuel availability for training and competition preparation in endurance sport. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 28(5), pp. 451 - 463. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0289
Methodologies for investigating performance changes with supplement use
Burke, Louise and Peeling, Peter. (2018). Methodologies for investigating performance changes with supplement use. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 28(2), pp. 159 - 169. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0325
Relative energy deficiency in sport in male athletes: a commentary on its presentation among selected groups of male athletes
Burke, Louise, Close, Graeme L., Lundy, Bronwen, Mooses, Martin, Morton, James P. and Tenforde, Adam S.. (2018). Relative energy deficiency in sport in male athletes: a commentary on its presentation among selected groups of male athletes. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 28(4), pp. 364 - 374. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0182
High dietary fat intake increases fat oxidation and reduces skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration in trained humans
Leckey, Jill J., Hoffman, Nolan J., Parr, Evelyn B., Devlin, Brooke L., Trewin, Adam J., Stepto, Nigel K., Morton, James P., Burke, Louise M. and Hawley, John A.. (2018). High dietary fat intake increases fat oxidation and reduces skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration in trained humans. FASEB Journal. 32(6), pp. 2979-2991. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.201700993R
Impact of energy availability, health, and sex on hemoglobin-mass responses following live-high-train-high altitude training in elite female and male distance athletes
Heikura, Ida A., Burke, Louise M., Bergland, Dan, Tuulia Uusitalo, Arja L. T., Mero, Antti A. and Stellingwerff, Trent. (2018). Impact of energy availability, health, and sex on hemoglobin-mass responses following live-high-train-high altitude training in elite female and male distance athletes. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 13(8), pp. 1090-1096. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0547
Maximizing cellular adaptation to endurance exercise in skeletal muscle
Hawley, John, Lundby, Carsten, Cotter, James D. and Burke, Louise. (2018). Maximizing cellular adaptation to endurance exercise in skeletal muscle. Cell Metabolism. 27(5), pp. 962 - 976. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2018.04.014
Self-reported periodization of nutrition in elite female and male runners and race walkers
Heikura, Ida, Stellingwerff, Trent and Burke, Louise. (2018). Self-reported periodization of nutrition in elite female and male runners and race walkers. Frontiers in Physiology. 9, pp. 1 - 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01732
A multifactorial evaluation of illness risk factors in athletes preparing for the Summer Olympic Games
Drew, Michael K., Vlahovich, Nicole, Hughes, David, Appaneal, Renee, Peterson, Kirsten, Burke, Louise, Lundy, Bronwen, Toomey, Mary, Watts, David, Lovell, Gregory, Praet, Stephan, Halson, Shona, Colbey, Candice, Manzanero, Silvia, Welvaert, Marijke, West, Nic P., Pyne, David B. and Waddington, Gordon. (2017). A multifactorial evaluation of illness risk factors in athletes preparing for the Summer Olympic Games. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 20(8), pp. 745 - 750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.02.010
Reflections on the 2016 Position Stand: Nutrition and athletic performance
Burke, Louise. (2017). Reflections on the 2016 Position Stand: Nutrition and athletic performance. ACS M's Health and Fitness Journal. 21(2), pp. 39 - 40. https://doi.org/10.1249/FIT.0000000000000277
Post-exercise muscle glycogen resynthesis in humans
Burke, Louise M., van Loon, Luc J. C. and Hawley, John A.. (2017). Post-exercise muscle glycogen resynthesis in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology. 122(5), pp. 1055-1067. https://doi.org/0.1152/japplphysiol.00860.2016
Ketone diester ingestion impairs time-trial performance in professional cyclists
Leckey, Jill J., Ross, Megan L., Quod, Marc, Hawley, John A. and Burke, Louise M.. (2017). Ketone diester ingestion impairs time-trial performance in professional cyclists. Frontiers in Physiology. 8(OCT), pp. 1 - 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00806
Dietary nitrate supplementation does not improve cycling time-trial performance in the heat
Kent, Georgina L., Dawson, Brian, Cox, Gregory R., Burke, Louise, Eastwood, Annette, Croft, Kevin and Peeling, P.. (2017). Dietary nitrate supplementation does not improve cycling time-trial performance in the heat. Journal of Sports Sciences. 36(11), pp. 1204 - 1211. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2017.1364404
Single and combined effects of beetroot crystals and sodium bicarbonate on 4-km cycling time trial performance
Callahan, Marcus J., Parr, Evelyn B., Hawley, John A. and Burke, Louise M.. (2017). Single and combined effects of beetroot crystals and sodium bicarbonate on 4-km cycling time trial performance. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 27(3), pp. 271-278. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2016-0228
Factors influencing the post-exercise hepcidin-25 response in elite athletes
Peeling, P., McKay, Alannah K.A., Pyne, David, Guelfi, Kym J., McCormick, Rachel H., Laarakkers, Coby M., Swinkels, Dorine W., Garvican, L. A., Ross, Meg, Sharma, Avish P., Leckey, Jill and Burke, Louise. (2017). Factors influencing the post-exercise hepcidin-25 response in elite athletes. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 117(6), pp. 1233 - 1239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-017-3611-3
Postexercise muscle glycogen resynthesis in humans
Burke, Louise, Van Loon, Luc and Hawley, John. (2017). Postexercise muscle glycogen resynthesis in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology. 122(5), pp. 1055 - 1067. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00860.2016
Individualised dietary strategies for Olympic combat sports: Acute weight loss, recovery and competition nutrition
Reale, Reid, Slater, Gary and Burke, Louise M.. (2017). Individualised dietary strategies for Olympic combat sports: Acute weight loss, recovery and competition nutrition. European Journal of Sport Science. 17(6), pp. 727 - 740. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2017.1297489
Acute-weight-loss strategies for combat sports and applications to Olympic success
Reale, Reid, Slater, Gary and Burke, Louise M.. (2017). Acute-weight-loss strategies for combat sports and applications to Olympic success. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 12(2), pp. 142 - 151. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0211
A mismatch between athlete practice and current sports nutrition guidelines among elite female and male middle- and long-distance athletes
Heikura, Ida A., Stellingwerff, Trent, Mero, Antti A., Uusitalo, Arja and Burke, Louise. (2017). A mismatch between athlete practice and current sports nutrition guidelines among elite female and male middle- and long-distance athletes. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 27(4), pp. 351 - 360. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2016-0316
Prevalence of illness, poor mental health and sleep quality and low energy availability prior to the 2016 Summer Olympic Games
Drew, Michael, Vlahovich, Nicole, Hughes, David, Appaneal, Renee, Burke, Louise, Lundy, Bronwen, Rogers, Margot, Toomey, Mary, Watts, David, Lovell, Gregory, Praet, Stephan F. E., Halson, Shona, Colbey, Candice, Manzanero, Silvia, Welvaert, Marijke, West, NIcholas P., Pyne, David and Waddington, Gordon. (2017). Prevalence of illness, poor mental health and sleep quality and low energy availability prior to the 2016 Summer Olympic Games. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 52(1), pp. 1 - 8. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-098208
Manipulation of muscle creatine and glycogen changes DXA estimates of body composition
Bone, Julia L., Ross, Megan L., Tomcik, Kristyen A., Jeacocke, Nikki A., Hopkins, Will G. and Burke, Louise M.. (2017). Manipulation of muscle creatine and glycogen changes DXA estimates of body composition. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 49(5), pp. 1029-1035. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001174
Dietary microperiodization in elite female and male runners and race walkers during a block of high intensity precompetition training
Heikura, Ida A., Burke, Louise, Mero, Antti A., Uusitalo, Arja L. T. and Stellingwerff, Trent. (2017). Dietary microperiodization in elite female and male runners and race walkers during a block of high intensity precompetition training. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 27(47), pp. 297 - 304. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2016-0317
Low carbohydrate, high fat diet impairs exercise economy and negates the performance benefit from intensified training in elite race walkers
Burke, Louise, Ross, Megan L.L., Garvican, Laura A., Welvaert, Marijke, Heikura, Ida A., Forbes, Sara G., Mirtschin, Jo, Cato, Louise E., Strobel, Nicki, Sharma, Avish P. and Hawley, John. (2017). Low carbohydrate, high fat diet impairs exercise economy and negates the performance benefit from intensified training in elite race walkers. The Journal of Physiology. 595(9), pp. 2785 - 2807. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP273230
Practical issues in evidence-based use of performance supplements: Supplement interactions, repeated use and individual responses
Burke, Louise M.. (2017). Practical issues in evidence-based use of performance supplements: Supplement interactions, repeated use and individual responses. Sports Medicine. 47(Supplement 1), pp. S79 - S100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0687-1
Communicating sports science in the age of the twittersphere
Burke, Louise. (2017). Communicating sports science in the age of the twittersphere. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 27(1), pp. 1 - 5. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0057
Weight regain: no link to success in a real-life multiday boxing tournament
Reale, Reid, Cox, Gregory R., Slater, Gary and Burke, Louise. (2017). Weight regain: no link to success in a real-life multiday boxing tournament. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 12(7), pp. 856 - 863. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0311
Role of fluid intake in endurance sports
Burke, Louise M.. (2016). Role of fluid intake in endurance sports. In In Meyer, Flavia, Szygula, Zbigniew and Wilk, Boguslaw (Ed.). Fluid balance, hydration, and athletic performance pp. 109-131 CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b19037-9
Regain in body mass after weigh-in is linked to success in real life judo competition
Reale, Reid, Cox, Gregory R., Slater, Gary and Burke, Louise. (2016). Regain in body mass after weigh-in is linked to success in real life judo competition. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 26(6), pp. 525 - 530. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2015-0359
Circulating microRNA responses between 'high' and 'low' responders to a 16-wk diet and exercise weight loss intervention
Parr, Evelyn B., Camera, Donny M., Burke, Louise M., Phillips, Stuart M., Coffey, Vernon G. and Hawley, John Alan. (2016). Circulating microRNA responses between 'high' and 'low' responders to a 16-wk diet and exercise weight loss intervention. PLoS ONE. 11(4), pp. 1 - 14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152545
Altering fatty acid availability does not impair prolonged, continuous running to fatigue: Evidence for carbohydrate dependence
Leckey, Jill, Burke, Louise Mary, Morton, James P. and Hawley, John Alan. (2016). Altering fatty acid availability does not impair prolonged, continuous running to fatigue: Evidence for carbohydrate dependence. Journal of Applied Physiology. 120(2), pp. 107 - 113. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00855.2015
New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance
Close, Graeme L., Hamilton, D. L., Philp, A, Burke, Louise and Morton, James P.. (2016). New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance. Free Radical Biology & Medicine. 98, pp. 144 - 158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.01.016
Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine: Nutrition and athletic performance
Thomas, D. Travis, Erdman, Kelly Anne and Burke, Louise. (2016). Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine: Nutrition and athletic performance. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 116(3), pp. 501 - 528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2015.12.006
Changes in the supplementation practices of elite Australian swimmers over 11 years
Shaw, Gregory, Slater, Gary and Burke, Louise M.. (2016). Changes in the supplementation practices of elite Australian swimmers over 11 years. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 26(6), pp. 565 - 571. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2016-0060
Importance of standardized DXA protocol for assessing physique changes in athletes
Nana, Alisa, Slater, Gary J., Hopkins, Will, Halson, Shona, Martin, D. T., West, N. P. and Burke, Louise Mary. (2016). Importance of standardized DXA protocol for assessing physique changes in athletes. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 26(3), pp. 259 - 267. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0111
DXA estimates of body composition and carbohydrate loading
Bone, Julia L.L and Burke, Louise. (2016). DXA estimates of body composition and carbohydrate loading. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism: European journal of nutrition, metabolic diseases and dietetics. 68(3), pp. 228 - 229. https://doi.org/10.1159/000445510
Periodization of carbohydrate intake: Short-term effect on performance
Marquet, Laurie-Anne, Hausswirth, Christophe, Molle, Odeline, Hawley, John A., Burke, Louise M., Tiollier, Eve and Brisswalter, Jeanick. (2016). Periodization of carbohydrate intake: Short-term effect on performance. Nutrients. 8(12), pp. 1 - 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8120755
A randomized trial of high-dairy-protein, variable-carbohydrate diets and exercise on body composition in adults with obesity
Parr, Evelyn B., Coffey, Vernon Glenn, Cato, Louise E., Phillips, Stuart M., Burke, Louise Mary and Hawley, John Alan. (2016). A randomized trial of high-dairy-protein, variable-carbohydrate diets and exercise on body composition in adults with obesity. Obesity. 24(5), pp. 1035 - 1045. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.21451
Doping in sport and exercise: Anabolic, ergogenic, health and clinical issues
Bird, Stephen R., Goebel, Catrin, Burke, Louise Mary and Greaves, Ronda F.. (2016). Doping in sport and exercise: Anabolic, ergogenic, health and clinical issues. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry. 53(2), pp. 196 - 221. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004563215609952
Supplement use of elite Australian swimmers
Shaw, Gregory, Slater, Gary and Burke, Louise Mary. (2016). Supplement use of elite Australian swimmers. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 26(3), pp. 249 - 258. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2015-0182
Enhanced endurance performance by periodization of CHO intake: "Sleep Low" strategy
Marquet, Laurie-Anne, Brisswalter, Jeanick, Louis, Julien, Tiollier, Eve, Burke, Louise Mary, Hawley, John Alan and Hausswirth, Christophe. (2016). Enhanced endurance performance by periodization of CHO intake: "Sleep Low" strategy. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 48(4), pp. 663 - 672. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000823
Nutrition and recovery
Halson, Shona and Burke, Louise Mary. (2015). Nutrition and recovery. In Tennis science : How player and racket work together pp. 116-135 University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226139623.001.0001
Modulation of autophagy signaling with resistance exercise and protein ingestion following short-term energy deficit
Smiles, William J., Areta, José L., Coffey, Vernon G., Phillips, Stuart M., Moore, Daniel R., Stellingwerff, Trent, Burke, Louise M., Hawley, John A. and Camera, Donny M.. (2015). Modulation of autophagy signaling with resistance exercise and protein ingestion following short-term energy deficit. American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 309(5), pp. R603-R612. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00413.2014
Body composition of female road and track endurance cyclists: Normative values and typical changes
Haakonssen, E. C., Barras, Martin, Burke, Louise Mary, Jenkins, David G. and Martin, David. (2015). Body composition of female road and track endurance cyclists: Normative values and typical changes. European Journal of Sport Science. 16(6), pp. 645 - 653. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2015.1084538
Preparation for competition
Burke, Louise. (2015). Preparation for competition. In In L. Burke and V. Deakin (Ed.). Clinical Sports Nutrition pp. 346 - 376 McGraw-Hill Education.
Nutritional strategies to enhance fat oxidation during aerobic exercise
Burke, Louise and Hawley, John. (2015). Nutritional strategies to enhance fat oxidation during aerobic exercise. In In L. Burke and V. Deakin (Ed.). Clinical sports nutrition pp. 463 - 492 McGraw-Hill Education (Australia) Pty Ltd.
Beetroot juice improves on-water 500 M time-trial performance, and laboratory-based paddling economy in national and international-level kayak athletes
Peeling, Peter, Cox, Gregory R., Bullock, Nicola and Burke, Louise Mary. (2015). Beetroot juice improves on-water 500 M time-trial performance, and laboratory-based paddling economy in national and international-level kayak athletes. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 25(3), pp. 278 - 284. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0110
Authors' 2015 additions to the IOC consensus statement: Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S)
Mountjoy, Margo, Sundgot-Borgen, Jorunn, Burke, Louise Mary, Carter, Susan, Constantini, Naama, Lebrun, Constance, Meyer, Nanna L., Sherman, Roberta T., Steffen, Kathrin, Budgett, Richard and Ljungqvist, Arne. (2015). Authors' 2015 additions to the IOC consensus statement: Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S). British Journal of Sports Medicine. 49(7), pp. 417 - 420. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-094371
A comparison of standard and novel bronchoscopic endobronchial biopsy retrieval methods
Khan, Kashifali A., Ryan, Ciara, Burke, Louise Mary, Henry, Michael T., Murphy, Des M., Plant, Barry J., O'Connor, Terry Markham, Curran, David R. and Kennedy, Marcus Peter. (2015). A comparison of standard and novel bronchoscopic endobronchial biopsy retrieval methods. Journal of Bronchology & Interventional Pulmonology. 22(2), pp. 130 - 134. https://doi.org/10.1097/LBR.0000000000000138
Nutrition for recovery after training and competition
Burke, Louise. (2015). Nutrition for recovery after training and competition. In In L. Burke and V. Deakin (Ed.). Clinical sports nutrition 5th edition pp. 420 - 462 McGraw-Hill Education.
Supplements and sports foods
Burke, Louise and Cato, Louise. (2015). Supplements and sports foods. In In L. Burke and V. Deakin (Ed.). Clinical Sports Nutrition pp. 493 - 591 McGraw-Hill Education.
The IOC relative energy deficiency in sport clinical assessment tool (RED-S CAT)
Mountjoy, Margo, Sundgot-Borgen, Jorunn, Burke, Louise Mary, Carter, Susan, Constantini, Naama, Lebrun, Constance, Meyer, Nanna, Sherman, Roberta, Steffen, Kathrin, Budgett, Richard, Ljungqvist, Arne and Ackerman, Kathryn. (2015). The IOC relative energy deficiency in sport clinical assessment tool (RED-S CAT). British Journal of Sports Medicine. 49(21), pp. 1354 - 1354. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-094873
Relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) clinical assessment tool (CAT)
Mountjoy, Margo, Sundgot-Borgen, Jorunn, Burke, Louise, Carter, Susan, Constantini, Naama, Lebrun, Constance, Meyer, Nanna, Sherman, Roberta, Steffen, Kathrin, Budgett, Richard, Ljungqvist, Arne and Ackerman, Kathryn. (2015). Relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) clinical assessment tool (CAT). British Journal of Sports Medicine. 49(7), pp. 421 - 423. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-094559
Methodology review: Using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for the assessment of body composition in athletes and active people
Nana, Alisa, Slater, Gary J., Burke, Louise Mary and Stewart, Arthur D.. (2015). Methodology review: Using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for the assessment of body composition in athletes and active people. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 25(2), pp. 198 - 215. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0228
Nutritional supplements in sport, exercise and health: an a-z guide
Castell, Linda M., Stear, Samantha J. and Burke, Louise. In L. M. Castell, S. J. Stear and L.M. Burke (Ed.). (2015). Nutritional supplements in sport, exercise and health: an a-z guide Routledge.
Nutritional guidelines for female athletes
Burke, Louise Mary. (2014). Nutritional guidelines for female athletes. In In Mountjoy, Margo (Ed.). Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science: The Female Athlete pp. 30 Wiley Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118862254.ch4
Fluid Balance, Carbohydrate Ingestion, and Body Temperature During Men's Stage-Race Cycling in Temperate Environmental Conditions
Ross, Megan, Stephens, Brian, Abbiss, Chris, Martin, David, Laursen, Paul and Burke, Louise. (2014). Fluid Balance, Carbohydrate Ingestion, and Body Temperature During Men's Stage-Race Cycling in Temperate Environmental Conditions. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 9(3), pp. 575 - 582. https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSPP.2012-0369
Alcohol ingestion impairs maximal post-exercise rates of myofibrillar protein synthesis following a single bout of concurrent training
Parr, Evelyn, Camera, Donny, Areta, José, Burke, Louise, Phillips, Stuart, Hawley, John A. and Coffey, Vernon. (2014). Alcohol ingestion impairs maximal post-exercise rates of myofibrillar protein synthesis following a single bout of concurrent training. PLoS ONE. 9(2), pp. 1 - 9. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088384
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of lung masquerading as urothelial carcinoma of bladder
Graham, Donna M., O'Connor, Kate M., Hinchion, John, Coate, Linda E., Burke, Louise and Power, Derek G.. (2014). Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of lung masquerading as urothelial carcinoma of bladder. Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy. 19(1), pp. 62 - 64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2013.07.004
Variability of Measurements of Sweat Sodium Using the Regional Absorbent-Patch Method
Dziedzic, Christine, Ross, Megan, Slater, Gary and Burke, Louise. (2014). Variability of Measurements of Sweat Sodium Using the Regional Absorbent-Patch Method. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 9(5), pp. 832 - 838. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0480
The IOC consensus statement: Beyond the female athlete triad-Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S)
Mountjoy, Margo, Sundgot-Borgen, Jorunn, Burke, Louise, Carter, Susan, Constantini, Naama, Lebrun, Constance, Meyer, Nanna, Sherman, Roberta, Steffen, Kathrin, Budgett, Richard and Ljungqvist, Arne. (2014). The IOC consensus statement: Beyond the female athlete triad-Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S). British Journal of Sports Medicine. 48(7), pp. 491 - 497. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-093502
Nutrition for recovery in aquatic sports
Burke, Louise Mary and Mujika, Inigo. (2014). Nutrition for recovery in aquatic sports. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 24(4), pp. 425 - 436. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0022
Single and combined effects of beetroot juice and caffeine supplementation on cycling time trial performance
Lane, Stephen C., Hawley, John, Desbrow, Ben, Jones, Andrew M., Blackwell, James R., Ross, Megan L. L., Zemski, Adam J. and Burke, Louise. (2014). Single and combined effects of beetroot juice and caffeine supplementation on cycling time trial performance. 39(9), pp. 1050 - 1057. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2013-0336
Nutrition considerations for open-water swimming
Shaw, Gregory, Koivisto, Anu, Gerrard, David F. and Burke, Louise Mary. (2014). Nutrition considerations for open-water swimming. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 24(4), pp. 373 - 381. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0018
Single and combined effects of betroot juice and caffeine supplementation on cycling time trial performance
Lane, Stephen, Hawley, John, Desbrow, Ben, Jones, Andrew, Blackwell, James, Ross, Megan, Zemski, Adam and Burke, Louise. (2014). Single and combined effects of betroot juice and caffeine supplementation on cycling time trial performance. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism. 39(9), pp. 1050 - 1057. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2013-0336
Nutrition considerations in special environments for aquatic sports
Stellingwerff, Trent, Pyne, David B. and Burke, Louise Mary. (2014). Nutrition considerations in special environments for aquatic sports. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 24(4), pp. 470 - 479. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0014
Reduced resting skeletal muscle protein synthesis is reduced by resistance exercise and protein ingestion following short-term energy deficit
Areta, José, Burke, Louise, Camera, Donny, West, Daniel, Crawshay, Siobhan, Moore, Daniel, Stellingwerff, Trent, Phillips, Stuart, Hawley, John A. and Coffey, Vernon. (2014). Reduced resting skeletal muscle protein synthesis is reduced by resistance exercise and protein ingestion following short-term energy deficit. American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology and Metabolism. 306(8), pp. E989 - E997. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00590.2013
Evaluation of food provision and nutrition support at the London 2012 Olympic Games : The opinion of sport nutrition experts
Pelly, Fiona, Meyer, Nanna, Pearce, Jeni, Burkhart, Sarah and Burke, Louise. (2014). Evaluation of food provision and nutrition support at the London 2012 Olympic Games : The opinion of sport nutrition experts. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 24(6), pp. 674 - 683. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0218
Nitrate supplementation and high-intensity performance in competitive cyclists
Hoon, Matthew, Hopkins, William, Jones, Andrew, Martin, David, Halson, Shona, West, Nicholas, Johnson, Nathan and Burke, Louise. (2014). Nitrate supplementation and high-intensity performance in competitive cyclists. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism. 39(9), pp. 1043 - 1049. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2013-0574
The Effect of Variable Doses of Inorganic Nitrate-Rich Betroot Juice on Simulated 2000-m Rowing Performance in Trained Athletes
Hoon, Matthew, Jones, Andrew, Johnson, Nathan, Blackwell, James, Broad, Elizabeth, Lundy, Bronwen, Rice, Anthony and Burke, Louise. (2014). The Effect of Variable Doses of Inorganic Nitrate-Rich Betroot Juice on Simulated 2000-m Rowing Performance in Trained Athletes. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 9(4), pp. 615 - 620. https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSPP.2013-0207
Nutrition for Swimming
Shaw, Gregory, Boyd, Kevin, Burke, Louise and Koivisto, Anu. (2014). Nutrition for Swimming. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 24(4), pp. 360 - 372. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0015
Dairy-Based Preexercise Meal Does Not Affect Gut Comfort or Time-Trial Performance in Female Cyclists
Haakonssen, Eric, Ross, Megan, Cato, Louise, Nana, Alisa, Knight, Emma, Jenkins, David, Martin, David and Burke, Louise. (2014). Dairy-Based Preexercise Meal Does Not Affect Gut Comfort or Time-Trial Performance in Female Cyclists. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 24(5), pp. 553 - 558. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0069
National Nutritional Programs for the 2012 London Olympic Games: A Systematic Approach by Three Different Countries
Louise M. Burke, Nanna L. Meyer and Jeni Pearce. (2013). National Nutritional Programs for the 2012 London Olympic Games: A Systematic Approach by Three Different Countries. The 76th Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop, The Olympic Sports Nutrition Conference. S. Karger AG. pp. 103-120 https://doi.org/10.1159/000350263
Increased lean mass with reduced fat mass in an elite female cyclist returning to competition : Case study
Haakonssen, Eric, Martin, David, Burke, Louise and Jenkins, David. (2013). Increased lean mass with reduced fat mass in an elite female cyclist returning to competition : Case study. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.8.6.699
Effects of exercise sessions on DXA measurements of body composition in active people
Nana, A, Slater, G, Hopkins, Will and Burke, Louise. (2013). Effects of exercise sessions on DXA measurements of body composition in active people. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31826c9cfd
Swimming [Reference]
Burke, Louise M. and Shaw, Gregory. (2013). Swimming [Reference]. In In Maughan, Ronald J. (Ed.). Sports nutrition : Volume XIX of the Encyclopaedia of Sports Medicine an IOC Medical Commission Publication pp. 607-618 Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118692318.ch50
Carbohydrate needs of athletes in training
Burke, Louise. (2013). Carbohydrate needs of athletes in training. In In R. J. Maughan (Ed.). pp. 102 - 112 Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118692318.ch7
Caffeine ingestion and cycling power output in a low or normal muscle glycogen state
Lane, Suzanne, Areta, José, Bird, S, Coffey, Vernon, Burke, Louise, Desbrow, B, Karagounis, L and Hawley, John A.. (2013). Caffeine ingestion and cycling power output in a low or normal muscle glycogen state. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31828af183
Effects of exercise sessions on DXA measurements of body composition in active people
Nana, A, Slater, G, Hopkins, Will and Burke, Louise. (2013). Effects of exercise sessions on DXA measurements of body composition in active people. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31826c9cfd
Precooling methods and their effects on athletic performance : A systematic review and practical applications
Ross, M, Abbiss, Chris, Laursen, P, Martin, D and Burke, Louise. (2013). Precooling methods and their effects on athletic performance : A systematic review and practical applications. Sports Medicine: reviews of applied medicine and science in sport and exercise. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-012-0014-9
Effect of a carbohydrate mouth rinse on simulated cycling time-trial performance commenced in a fed or fasted state
Lane, Stephen, Bird, S, Burke, Louise and Hawley, John. (2013). Effect of a carbohydrate mouth rinse on simulated cycling time-trial performance commenced in a fed or fasted state. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2012-0300
What do athletes drink during competitive sporting activities?
Garth, A and Burke, Louise. (2013). What do athletes drink during competitive sporting activities? Sports Medicine: reviews of applied medicine and science in sport and exercise. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0028-y
Energy expenditure of constant- and variable-intensity cycling : Power meter estimates
Haakonssen, E, Martin, D, Burke, Louise and Jenkins, David. (2013). Energy expenditure of constant- and variable-intensity cycling : Power meter estimates. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31828e18e6
Increased lean mass with reduced fat mass in an elite female cyclist returning to competition : Case study
Haakonssen, Eric, Martin, David, Burke, Louise and Jenkins, David. (2013). Increased lean mass with reduced fat mass in an elite female cyclist returning to competition : Case study. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.8.6.699
Timing and distribution of protein ingestion during prolonged recovery from resistance exercise alters myofibrillar protein synthesis
Areta, José, Burke, Louise, Ross, M, Camera, Donny, West, D, Broad, E, Jeacocke, N, Moore, Daniel, Stellingwerff, T and Phillips, S. (2013). Timing and distribution of protein ingestion during prolonged recovery from resistance exercise alters myofibrillar protein synthesis. The Journal of Physiology. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2012.244897
Energy expenditure of constant- and variable-intensity cycling : Power meter estimates
Haakonssen, E, Martin, D, Burke, Louise and Jenkins, David. (2013). Energy expenditure of constant- and variable-intensity cycling : Power meter estimates. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31828e18e6
Practical considerations for bicarbonate loading and sports performance
Burke, Louise Mary. (2013). Practical considerations for bicarbonate loading and sports performance. 75th Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop, Mallorca, December 2011. Switzerland: S. Karger AG. pp. 15 - 26 https://doi.org/10.1159/000345814
Fasting and sports : A summary statement of the IOC workshop0306 [Editorial]
Maughan, R. J., Al-Kharusi, Wahid, Binnett, Mehmet S., Budgett, Richard, Burke, Louise M., Coyle, Edward F., Elwani, Rania, Guezennec, Charles-Yannick, Limna, John, Mujika, Inigo, Ramadan, Jasem, Schamasch, Patrick, Shirreffs, Susan M. and Venning, Pamela. (2012). Fasting and sports : A summary statement of the IOC workshop0306 [Editorial]. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 46(7), pp. 457-457. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2010.073064
Preexercise aminoacidemia and muscle protein synthesis after resistance exercise
Burke, Louise, Hawley, John, Ross, M, Moore, Daniel, Phillips, S, Slater, G, Stellingwerff, T, Tipton, K, Garnham, A and Coffey, Vernon. (2012). Preexercise aminoacidemia and muscle protein synthesis after resistance exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 44(10), pp. 1968 - 1977. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31825d28fa
Ramadan fasting and the goals of sports nutrition around exercise
Burke, Louise and King, C. (2012). Ramadan fasting and the goals of sports nutrition around exercise. Journal of Sports Sciences. 30(Suppl 1), pp. S21 - S31. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.680484
Sports Nutrition
Burke, Louise. (2012). Sports Nutrition. In In J. W. Erdman, I. A. MacDonald and S. H. Zeisel (Ed.). pp. 669 - 687 Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119946045.ch43
Reliability and effect of sodium bicarbonate : Buffering and 2000-m rowing performance
Carr, A, Slater, G, Gore, Christopher, Dawson, Brian and Burke, Louise. (2012). Reliability and effect of sodium bicarbonate : Buffering and 2000-m rowing performance. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 7(2), pp. 152 - 160. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.7.2.152
Effect of intake of different dietary protein sources on plasma amino acid profiles at rest and after exercise
Burke, Louise, Winter, J, Cameron-Smith, David, Enslen, Marc, Farnfield, M and Decombaz, J. (2012). Effect of intake of different dietary protein sources on plasma amino acid profiles at rest and after exercise. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 22(6), pp. 452 - 462. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.22.6.452
Daytime pattern of post-exercise protein intake affects whole-body protein turnover in resistance-trained males
Moore, Daniel, Areta, José, Coffey, Vernon, Stellingwerff, Trent, Phillips, Stuart, Burke, Louise, Cleroux, Marilyn, Godin, Jean-Philippe and Hawley, John Alan. (2012). Daytime pattern of post-exercise protein intake affects whole-body protein turnover in resistance-trained males. Nutrition and Metabolism. 9(91), pp. 1 - 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-9-91
Reliability and effect of sodium bicarbonate : Buffering and 2000-m rowing performance
Carr, A, Slater, G, Gore, Christopher, Dawson, Brian and Burke, Louise. (2012). Reliability and effect of sodium bicarbonate : Buffering and 2000-m rowing performance. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 7(2), pp. 152 - 160. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.7.2.152
Effects of daily activities on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements of body composition in active people
Nana, A, Slater, G, Hopkins, Will and Burke, Louise. (2012). Effects of daily activities on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements of body composition in active people. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 44(1), pp. 180 - 189. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318228b60e
Techniques for undertaking dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry whole-body scans to estimate body composition in tall and/or broad subjects
Nana, A, Slater, G, Hopkins, Will and Burke, Louise. (2012). Techniques for undertaking dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry whole-body scans to estimate body composition in tall and/or broad subjects. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 22(5), pp. 313 - 322. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.22.5.313
Effects of lowering body temperature via hyperhydration, with and without glycerol ingestion and practical precooling on cycling time trial performance in hot and humid conditions
Ross, M, Jeacocke, N, Laursen, P, Martin, D, Abbiss, Chris and Burke, Louise. (2012). Effects of lowering body temperature via hyperhydration, with and without glycerol ingestion and practical precooling on cycling time trial performance in hot and humid conditions. International Society of Sports Nutrition. 9(55), pp. 1 - 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-9-55
Effect of sodium bicarbonate on [HCO 3 -], pH, and gastrointestinal symptoms
Carr, A, Slater, G, Gore, Christopher, Dawson, Brian and Burke, Louise. (2011). Effect of sodium bicarbonate on [HCO 3 -], pH, and gastrointestinal symptoms. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 21(3), pp. 189 - 194. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.21.3.189
Rapid aminoacidemia enhances myofibrillar protein synthesis and anabolic intramuscular signaling responses after resistance exercise
West, D, Burd, N, Coffey, Vernon, Baker, S, Burke, Louise, Hawley, John, Moore, Daniel, Stellingwerff, T and Phillips, S. (2011). Rapid aminoacidemia enhances myofibrillar protein synthesis and anabolic intramuscular signaling responses after resistance exercise. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition: A journal reporting the practical application of our world-wide knowledge of nutrition. 94(3), pp. 795 - 803. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.111.013722
Nutritional modulation of training-induced skeletal muscle adaptations
Hawley, John, Burke, Louise, Phillips, S and Spriet, L. (2011). Nutritional modulation of training-induced skeletal muscle adaptations. Journal of Applied Physiology. 110(3), pp. 834 - 845. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00949.2010
Novel precooling strategy enhances time trial cycling in the heat
Ross, M, Garvican, L, Jeacocke, N, Laursen, P, Abbiss, Chris, Martin, D and Burke, Louise. (2011). Novel precooling strategy enhances time trial cycling in the heat. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 43(1), pp. 123 - 133. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181e93210
Nutrition for power sports :Middle-distance running, track cycling, rowing, canoeing/kayaking, and swimming
Stellingwerff, T, Maughan, R and Burke, Louise. (2011). Nutrition for power sports :Middle-distance running, track cycling, rowing, canoeing/kayaking, and swimming. Journal of Sports Sciences. 29(Suppl 1), pp. S79 - S89. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.589469
Carbohydrates for training and competition
Burke, Louise, Hawley, John, Wong, S and Jeukendrup, A. (2011). Carbohydrates for training and competition. Journal of Sports Sciences. 29(Suppl 1), pp. S17 - S27. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.585473
Practical nutritional recommendations for the athlete
Maughan, Ronald J. and Burke, Louise M.. (2011). Practical nutritional recommendations for the athlete. 69th Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop, Kona, Hawaii, October 2010. Switzerland: S. Karger AG. pp. 131 - 149 https://doi.org/10.1159/000329292
Hematologic disorders
Burke, Louise, Parisotto, Robin and Fallon, Kieran. (2010). Hematologic disorders. In In Myers, Jonathan and Nieman, David C (Ed.). ACSM's resources for clinical exercise physiology : Musculoskeletal, neuromuscular, neoplastic, immunologic and hematologic conditions pp. 268-278 Wolters Kluwer Health.
Nutrition in team sports
Mujika, I and Burke, Louise. (2010). Nutrition in team sports. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism: European journal of nutrition, metabolic diseases and dietetics. 57(Suppl 2), pp. 26 - 35. https://doi.org/10.1159/000322700
Methods to standardize dietary intake before performance testing
Jeacocke, N and Burke, Louise. (2010). Methods to standardize dietary intake before performance testing. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 20(2), pp. 87 - 103. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.20.2.87
Nutrition in team sports
Mujika, I and Burke, Louise. (2010). Nutrition in team sports. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism: European journal of nutrition, metabolic diseases and dietetics. 57(Suppl 2), pp. 26 - 35. https://doi.org/10.1159/000322700
Race-day carbohydrate intakes of elite triathletes contesting olympic-distance triathlon events
Cox, Geoffrey, Snow, Rod and Burke, Louise. (2010). Race-day carbohydrate intakes of elite triathletes contesting olympic-distance triathlon events. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 20(4), pp. 299 - 306. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.20.4.299
Carbohydrate availability and training adaptation: Effects on cell metabolism
Hawley, John and Burke, Louise. (2010). Carbohydrate availability and training adaptation: Effects on cell metabolism. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews. 38(4), pp. 152 - 160. https://doi.org/10.1097/JES.0b013e3181f44dd9
Fueling strategies to optimize performance : Training high or training low?
Burke, Louise. (2010). Fueling strategies to optimize performance : Training high or training low? Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 20(Suppl 2), pp. 48 - 58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01185.x
Clinical sports nutrition
Burke, Louise and Deakin, Vicki. (2010). Clinical sports nutrition McGraw Hill.
Nutritional strategies to promote postexercise recovery
Beelen, M, Burke, Louise, Gibala, M and van Loon, Luc. (2010). Nutritional strategies to promote postexercise recovery. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 20(6), pp. 515 - 532. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.20.6.515
Daily training with high carbohydrate availability increases exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during endurance cycling
Cox, Geoffrey, Clark, Sally, Cox, A, Halson, Shona, Hargreaves, M, Hawley, John, Jeacocke, N, Snow, Rod, Yeo, W and Burke, Louise. (2010). Daily training with high carbohydrate availability increases exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during endurance cycling. Journal of Applied Physiology. 109(1), pp. 126 - 134. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00950.2009
Methods to standardize dietary intake before performance testing
Jeacocke, N and Burke, Louise. (2010). Methods to standardize dietary intake before performance testing. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 20(2), pp. 87 - 103. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.20.2.87
Fueling strategies to optimize performance : Training high or training low?
Burke, Louise. (2010). Fueling strategies to optimize performance : Training high or training low? Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 20(Suppl 2), pp. 48 - 58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01185.x
BJSM reviews: A-Z of nutritional supplements: Dietary supplements, sports nutrition foods and ergogenic aids for health and performance Part 4
Burke, Louise M., Castell, Lindy M., Stear, S. J., Rogers, Phoebe J., Blomstrand, E., Gurr, S., Mitchell, N., Stephens, F. B. and Greenhaff, P. L.. (2009). BJSM reviews: A-Z of nutritional supplements: Dietary supplements, sports nutrition foods and ergogenic aids for health and performance Part 4. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 43(14), pp. 1088 - 1090. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2009.068643
The interview tables are turned
Burke, Louise. (2009). The interview tables are turned. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 19(6), pp. 685 - 688. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.19.6.685
Practical sports nutrition: Survival nutrition
Burke, Louise M.. (2009). Practical sports nutrition: Survival nutrition. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 19(3), pp. 323 - 327. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.19.3.323
A lifetime in sports nutrition: An interview with Emily Haymes
Burke, Louise and Haymes, E.. (2009). A lifetime in sports nutrition: An interview with Emily Haymes. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 19(5), pp. 561 - 564. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.19.5.561
BJSM reviews: A-Z of nutritional supplements: Dietary supplements, sports nutrition foods and ergogenic aids for health and performance Part 1
Burke, Louise Mary, Castell, Lindy M. and Stear, Samantha J.. (2009). BJSM reviews: A-Z of nutritional supplements: Dietary supplements, sports nutrition foods and ergogenic aids for health and performance Part 1. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 43(10), pp. 728 - 729. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2009.063941
BJSM reviews: A-Z of supplements: Dietary supplements, sports nutrition foods and ergogenic aids for health and performance Part 2
Castell, Lindy M., Burke, Louise M. and Stear, S. J.. (2009). BJSM reviews: A-Z of supplements: Dietary supplements, sports nutrition foods and ergogenic aids for health and performance Part 2. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 43(11), pp. 807 - 810. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2009.065284
Nutrition in combat sports
Burke, Louise Mary and Cox, Gregory R.. (2009). Nutrition in combat sports. In In R. Kordi, N. Maffulli and R.R Wroble & W.A Wallace (Ed.). Combat sports medicine pp. 1 - 20 Springer.
BJSM reviews: A-Z of nutritional supplements: Dietary supplements, sports nutrition foods and ergogenic aids for health and performance Part 3
Stear, S. J., Burke, Louise M. and Castell, L. M.. (2009). BJSM reviews: A-Z of nutritional supplements: Dietary supplements, sports nutrition foods and ergogenic aids for health and performance Part 3. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 43(12), pp. 890 - 892. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2009.065417
Survival for the active family
Burke, Louise Mary, Broad, Liz, Cox, Gregory R., Dziedzic, Christine E., Gurr, Stephen, Jeacocke, Nikki A., Minehan, Michelle, Mirtschin, Jo and Shaw, Greg. (2009). Survival for the active family Text Pacific Publishing.
Feeding the Beijing Olympics: An interview with Jillian Wanik
Burke, Louise M.. (2009). Feeding the Beijing Olympics: An interview with Jillian Wanik. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 19(4), pp. 433 - 437. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.19.4.433
Sports supplements debate: A risky practice that produces expensive urine or legitimate performance boosts that can be found in a packet or bottle?
Burke, Louise Mary. (2008). Sports supplements debate: A risky practice that produces expensive urine or legitimate performance boosts that can be found in a packet or bottle? In In N.A.S. Taylor and H. Groeller (Ed.). Physiological bases of human performance during work and exercise pp. 577 - 584 Elsevier.
Optimising and enhancing human performance through nutrition
Burke, Louise Mary, Kiens, Bente and Tipton, Kevin D.. (2008). Optimising and enhancing human performance through nutrition. In In N.A.S. Taylor and H. Groeller (Ed.). Physiological bases of human performance during work and exercise pp. 545 - 562 Elsevier.
Sports nutrition and Australian Football
Burke, Louise M.. (2008). Sports nutrition and Australian Football. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 18(1), pp. 96 - 98. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.18.1.96
Caffeine and sports performance
Burke, Louise M.. (2008). Caffeine and sports performance. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism. 33(6), pp. 1319 - 1324. https://doi.org/10.1139/H08-130
Skeletal muscle adaptation and performance responses to once a day versus twice every second day endurance training regimens
Yeo, Wee Kian, Paton, Carl D., Garnham, Andrew P., Burke, Louise M., Carey, Andrew L. and Hawley, John Alan. (2008). Skeletal muscle adaptation and performance responses to once a day versus twice every second day endurance training regimens. Journal of Applied Physiology. 105(5), pp. 1462 - 1470. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.90882.2008
A food pyramid for swiss athletes
Burke, Louise. (2008). A food pyramid for swiss athletes. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 18(4), pp. 430 - 437. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.18.4.430
Fat adaptation followed by carbohydrate restoration increases AMPK activity in skeletal muscle from trained humans
Yeo, Wee Kian, Lessard, Sarah J., Chen, Zhi-Ping, Garnham, Andrew P., Burke, Louise, Rivas, Donato A., Kemp, Bruce Ernest and Hawley, John Alan. (2008). Fat adaptation followed by carbohydrate restoration increases AMPK activity in skeletal muscle from trained humans. Journal of Applied Physiology. 105(5), pp. 1519 - 1526. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.90540.2008