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The effects of licit and illicit recreational drugs on prospective memory : A meta-analytic review
Platt, Bradley O’Driscoll, Ciarán Curran, Valerie H. Rendell, Peter G. Kamboj, Sunjeev K.
Platt, Bradley
O’Driscoll, Ciarán
Curran, Valerie H.
Rendell, Peter G.
Kamboj, Sunjeev K.
Abstract
Rationale
There are no recent reports summarising the magnitude of prospective memory (PM) impairments in recreational drug users.
Objective
We performed a meta-analysis of studies (with a parallel group design) examining PM performance in users of common recreational drugs (including alcohol and tobacco) who were not intoxicated during testing. Studies were also evaluated for the presence of methodological bias.
Methods
Twenty-seven studies were included in the meta-analysis following literature searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO. Effect sizes (standardised mean difference; SMD) were calculated separately for the effects of alcohol, cannabis, ecstasy, methamphetamine and tobacco use. The influences of drug use and study characteristics on effect sizes were explored using meta-regressions. Sources of study bias were also assessed.
Results
Heavy drinkers and regular drug users tended to perform worse than controls on event and time-based PM tasks. Effect sizes (standardised mean differences; SMDs) for event-based PM impairment across the different drug-using groups/heavy drinkers ranged between − 1.10 and − 0.49, with no 95% CI crossing 0.00. SMDs for time-based PM ranged between − 0.98 and − 0.70. Except for the CIs associated with the ES for smokers’ time-based PM performance, no CIs crossed 0.00.
Conclusions
Although all drug-using groups showed moderate-large impairments in event and time-based PM, effect sizes had low precision and moderate-high levels of heterogeneity. In addition, several methodological and reporting issues were identified in the majority of studies. As such, considerable uncertainty remains regarding the role of confounds and the magnitude of PM impairments in non-intoxicated recreational drug users.
Keywords
prospective memory, alcohol, cannabis, ecstasy, methadone, tobacco, opiate, methamphetamine
Date
2019
Type
Journal article
Journal
Psychopharmacology
Book
Volume
236
Issue
4
Page Range
1131-1143
Article Number
ACU Department
Collections
Relation URI
Source URL
Event URL
Open Access Status
Published as ‘gold’ (paid) open access
License
CC BY 4.0
File Access
Open