Loading...
Investigating the effectiveness of coacervates produced from conjugated and unconjugated Spirulina protein in delivering unstable oil to the intestinal phase of digestion
Zhang, Zijia Wang, Bo Holden, Greg Chen, Jie Adhikari, Benu P.
Zhang, Zijia
Wang, Bo
Holden, Greg
Chen, Jie
Adhikari, Benu P.
Abstract
This study investigated the potential of complex coacervates produced using Spirulina protein concentrate (SPC) conjugated with maltodextrin (MD) and carrageenan (CG) for encapsulating and delivering sensitive oils. A wet-heating Maillard reaction was employed to conjugate SPC with MD, followed by coacervation with CG to form the conjugate-based coacervates. Additionally, a mixture of unconjugated SPC and MD was coacervated with CG to produce mixture-based coacervates. Both types of coacervates were utilised as wall materials for encapsulating canola oil. The in-vitro digestion of the resulting microcapsules was assessed in oral, gastric, and intestinal phases, focusing on physicochemical parameters such as droplet size, zeta-potential, microstructure, proteolysis, oil release and lipolysis. The findings revealed that microcapsules prepared using both (SPC-MD mixture)-CG and (SPC-MD conjugate)-CG coacervates were remarkably stable against gastric digestion, as evidenced by the minimal production of free amino acids (15 mM). Most of the encapsulated oil (62–67%) was released during the intestinal phase due to the breakdown of the coacervates. Notably, the microcapsules produced with (SPC-MD conjugate)-CG coacervates demonstrated a lower degree of lipolysis (41.77% free fatty acid content) compared to those prepared with (SPC-MD mixture)-CG coacervates (53.35% free fatty acid content). These results highlight the potential of complex coacervates produced using conjugated SPC as promising materials for the encapsulation and delivery of sensitive oils.
Keywords
Spirulina protein concentrate, Conjugation, Complex coacervation, Microencapsulation, In-vitro digestion
Date
2023
Type
Journal article
Journal
Book
Volume
56
Issue
Page Range
11
Article Number
ACU Department
School of Behavioural and Health Sciences
Faculty of Health Sciences
Faculty of Health Sciences
Relation URI
Event URL
Open Access Status
Published as ‘gold’ (paid) open access
License
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
File Access
Open
Notes
© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).