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The development of a HAMstring InjuRy (HAMIR) index to mitigate injury risk through innovative imaging, biomechanics, and data analytics : Protocol for an observational cohort study
Heiderscheit, Bryan C. Blemker, Silvia S. Opar, David Stiffler-Joachim, Mikel R. Bedi, Asheesh Hart, Joseph Mortensen, Brett Kliethermes, Stephanie A. Baer, Geoffrey Buckley, Craig
Heiderscheit, Bryan C.
Blemker, Silvia S.
Opar, David
Stiffler-Joachim, Mikel R.
Bedi, Asheesh
Hart, Joseph
Mortensen, Brett
Kliethermes, Stephanie A.
Baer, Geoffrey
Buckley, Craig
Author
Heiderscheit, Bryan C.
Blemker, Silvia S.
Opar, David
Stiffler-Joachim, Mikel R.
Bedi, Asheesh
Hart, Joseph
Mortensen, Brett
Kliethermes, Stephanie A.
Baer, Geoffrey
Buckley, Craig
Costigan, Kyle
Drew, Shauna
Eberhardt, Duffy
Fabian, Kurrel
Feller, Herman
Hammer, Erin
Heidt, Danielle
Lee, Kenneth
Lund, Brian
Martin, Jack
Moll, Michael
Sanfilippo, Jennifer
Snee, Shaun
Tanaka, Claire
Taylor, Ty
Wilson, John
Woodhouse, Devin
Lin, Yi-Chung
Hickey, Jack
Maniar, Nirav
Taylor, Frances
Timmins, Ryan
Cousins, Matthew
DuCharme, Olivia
Feng, Xue
Magargee, Scott
Meyer, Craig
Nguyen, Anthony
Riem, Lara
West, Robin
Allen, Steven
Allred, Dain
Beutler, Anthony
Bruening, Dustin
Campbell, Darren
Johnson, A. Wayne
Nguyen, Camille
Remington, Emma
Smedley, Annie A.
Sponbeck, Joshua K.
Berkoff, David
Berkowitz, Josh
Birchmeier, Thomas
Blackburn, Troy
Choudhari, Malvika
Ciocca, Mario
Lennon, Alessa
Lisee, Caroline
McCoy, Noah
Mincberg, David
Oliaro, Scott
Pietrosimone, Brian
Ross, Luke
Titter, Julie
Sund, Sarah
Blemker, Silvia S.
Opar, David
Stiffler-Joachim, Mikel R.
Bedi, Asheesh
Hart, Joseph
Mortensen, Brett
Kliethermes, Stephanie A.
Baer, Geoffrey
Buckley, Craig
Costigan, Kyle
Drew, Shauna
Eberhardt, Duffy
Fabian, Kurrel
Feller, Herman
Hammer, Erin
Heidt, Danielle
Lee, Kenneth
Lund, Brian
Martin, Jack
Moll, Michael
Sanfilippo, Jennifer
Snee, Shaun
Tanaka, Claire
Taylor, Ty
Wilson, John
Woodhouse, Devin
Lin, Yi-Chung
Hickey, Jack
Maniar, Nirav
Taylor, Frances
Timmins, Ryan
Cousins, Matthew
DuCharme, Olivia
Feng, Xue
Magargee, Scott
Meyer, Craig
Nguyen, Anthony
Riem, Lara
West, Robin
Allen, Steven
Allred, Dain
Beutler, Anthony
Bruening, Dustin
Campbell, Darren
Johnson, A. Wayne
Nguyen, Camille
Remington, Emma
Smedley, Annie A.
Sponbeck, Joshua K.
Berkoff, David
Berkowitz, Josh
Birchmeier, Thomas
Blackburn, Troy
Choudhari, Malvika
Ciocca, Mario
Lennon, Alessa
Lisee, Caroline
McCoy, Noah
Mincberg, David
Oliaro, Scott
Pietrosimone, Brian
Ross, Luke
Titter, Julie
Sund, Sarah
Abstract
Background
The etiology of hamstring strain injury (HSI) in American football is multi-factorial and understanding these risk factors is paramount to developing predictive models and guiding prevention and rehabilitation strategies. Many player-games are lost due to the lack of a clear understanding of risk factors and the absence of effective methods to minimize re-injury. This paper describes the protocol that will be followed to develop the HAMstring InjuRy (HAMIR) index risk prediction models for HSI and re-injury based on morphological, architectural, biomechanical and clinical factors in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I collegiate football players.
Methods
A 3-year, prospective study will be conducted involving collegiate football student-athletes at four institutions. Enrolled participants will complete preseason assessments of eccentric hamstring strength, on-field sprinting biomechanics and muscle–tendon volumes using magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI). Athletic trainers will monitor injuries and exposure for the duration of the study. Participants who sustain an HSI will undergo a clinical assessment at the time of injury along with MRI examinations. Following completion of structured rehabilitation and return to unrestricted sport participation, clinical assessments, MRI examinations and sprinting biomechanics will be repeated. Injury recurrence will be monitored through a 6-month follow-up period. HAMIR index prediction models for index HSI injury and re-injury will be constructed.
Discussion
The most appropriate strategies for reducing risk of HSI are likely multi-factorial and depend on risk factors unique to each athlete. This study will be the largest-of-its-kind (1200 player-years) to gather detailed information on index and recurrent HSI, and will be the first study to simultaneously investigate the effect of morphological, biomechanical and clinical variables on risk of HSI in collegiate football athletes. The quantitative HAMIR index will be formulated to identify an athlete’s propensity for HSI, and more importantly, identify targets for injury mitigation, thereby reducing the global burden of HSI in high-level American football players.
Trial Registration The trial is prospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05343052; April 22, 2022).
Keywords
muscle injury, risk prediction model, sprint running, muscle volume, eccentric strength
Date
2022
Type
Journal article
Journal
BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation
Book
Volume
14
Issue
1
Page Range
1-9
Article Number
Article 128
ACU Department
School of Behavioural and Health Sciences
Faculty of Health Sciences
Faculty of Health Sciences
Relation URI
Source URL
Event URL
Open Access Status
Published as ‘gold’ (paid) open access
License
CC BY 4.0
File Access
Open