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Air pollution and lung cancer incidence in 17 European cohorts: Prospective analyses from the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE)
Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic Beelen, Rob Samoli, Evangelia Stafoggia, Massimo Weinmayr, Gudrun Hoffmann, Barbara Fischer, Paul Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J. Brunekreef, Bert
Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole
Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic
Beelen, Rob
Samoli, Evangelia
Stafoggia, Massimo
Weinmayr, Gudrun
Hoffmann, Barbara
Fischer, Paul
Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J.
Brunekreef, Bert
Author
Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole
Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic
Beelen, Rob
Samoli, Evangelia
Stafoggia, Massimo
Weinmayr, Gudrun
Hoffmann, Barbara
Fischer, Paul
Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J.
Brunekreef, Bert
Xun, Wei W.
Katsouyanni, Klea
Dimakopoulou, Konstantina
Sommar, Johan
Forsberg, Bertil
Modig, Lars
Oudin, Anna
Oftedal, Bente
Schwarze, Per E.
Nafstad, Per
De Faire, Ulf
Pedersen, Nancy L.
Östenson, Claes-Göran
Fratiglioni, Laura
Penell, Johanna
Korek, Michal
Pershagen, Göran
Eriksen, Kirsten Thorup
Sørensen, Mette
Tjønneland, Anne
Ellermann, Thomas
Eeftens, Marloes
Peeters, Petra H.
Meliefste, Kees
Wang, Meng
Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas
Key, Timothy J.
de Hoogh, Kees
Concin, Hans
Nagel, Gabriele
Vilier, Alice
Grioni, Sara
Krogh, Vittorio
Tsai, Ming-Yi
Ricceri, Fulvio
Sacerdote, Carlotta
Galassi, Claudia
Migliore, Enrica
Ranzi, Andrea
Cesaroni, Giulia
Badaloni, Chiara
Forastiere, Francesco
Tamayo, Ibon
Amiano, Pilar
Dorronsoro, Miren
Trichopoulou, Antonia
Bamia, Christina
Vineis, Paolo
Hoek, Gerard
Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic
Beelen, Rob
Samoli, Evangelia
Stafoggia, Massimo
Weinmayr, Gudrun
Hoffmann, Barbara
Fischer, Paul
Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J.
Brunekreef, Bert
Xun, Wei W.
Katsouyanni, Klea
Dimakopoulou, Konstantina
Sommar, Johan
Forsberg, Bertil
Modig, Lars
Oudin, Anna
Oftedal, Bente
Schwarze, Per E.
Nafstad, Per
De Faire, Ulf
Pedersen, Nancy L.
Östenson, Claes-Göran
Fratiglioni, Laura
Penell, Johanna
Korek, Michal
Pershagen, Göran
Eriksen, Kirsten Thorup
Sørensen, Mette
Tjønneland, Anne
Ellermann, Thomas
Eeftens, Marloes
Peeters, Petra H.
Meliefste, Kees
Wang, Meng
Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas
Key, Timothy J.
de Hoogh, Kees
Concin, Hans
Nagel, Gabriele
Vilier, Alice
Grioni, Sara
Krogh, Vittorio
Tsai, Ming-Yi
Ricceri, Fulvio
Sacerdote, Carlotta
Galassi, Claudia
Migliore, Enrica
Ranzi, Andrea
Cesaroni, Giulia
Badaloni, Chiara
Forastiere, Francesco
Tamayo, Ibon
Amiano, Pilar
Dorronsoro, Miren
Trichopoulou, Antonia
Bamia, Christina
Vineis, Paolo
Hoek, Gerard
Abstract
Background Ambient air pollution is suspected to cause lung cancer. We aimed to assess the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and lung cancer incidence in European populations. Methods This prospective analysis of data obtained by the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects used data from 17 cohort studies based in nine European countries. Baseline addresses were geocoded and we assessed air pollution by land-use regression models for particulate matter (PM) with diameter of less than 10 μm (PM10), less than 2·5 μm (PM2·5), and between 2·5 and 10 μm (PMcoarse), soot (PM2·5absorbance), nitrogen oxides, and two traffic indicators. We used Cox regression models with adjustment for potential confounders for cohort-specific analyses and random effects models for meta-analyses. Findings The 312 944 cohort members contributed 4 013 131 person-years at risk. During follow-up (mean 12·8 years), 2095 incident lung cancer cases were diagnosed. The meta-analyses showed a statistically significant association between risk for lung cancer and PM10 (hazard ratio [HR] 1·22 [95% CI 1·03–1·45] per 10 μg/m3). For PM2·5 the HR was 1·18 (0·96–1·46) per 5 μg/m3. The same increments of PM10 and PM2·5 were associated with HRs for adenocarcinomas of the lung of 1·51 (1·10–2·08) and 1·55 (1·05–2·29), respectively. An increase in road traffic of 4000 vehicle-km per day within 100 m of the residence was associated with an HR for lung cancer of 1·09 (0·99–1·21). The results showed no association between lung cancer and nitrogen oxides concentration (HR 1·01 [0·95–1·07] per 20 μg/m3) or traffic intensity on the nearest street (HR 1·00 [0·97–1·04] per 5000 vehicles per day). Interpretation Particulate matter air pollution contributes to lung cancer incidence in Europe. Funding European Community's Seventh Framework Programme.
Keywords
Date
2013
Type
Journal article
Journal
The Lancet Oncology
Book
Volume
14
Issue
9
Page Range
813-822
Article Number
ACU Department
Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research
Faculty of Health Sciences
Faculty of Health Sciences
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