Loading...
Meal patterns and changes in cardiometabolic risk factors in children : A longitudinal analysis
Shang, Xianwen Li, Yanping Xu, Haiquan Zhang, Qian Liu, Ailing Du, Songming Ma, Guansheng
Shang, Xianwen
Li, Yanping
Xu, Haiquan
Zhang, Qian
Liu, Ailing
Du, Songming
Ma, Guansheng
Abstract
We examined whether energy and macronutrient intake from different meals was associated with changes in cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors in children. CMR score (CMRS) was computed by summing Z-scores of waist circumference, the average of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (multiplying by −1), and triglycerides. We included 5517 children aged 6–13 years from six major cities in China. Five meal patterns were identified according to energy intake: balanced, breakfast dominant, lunch dominant, dinner dominant, and snack dominant patterns. These patterns were not significantly associated with changes in CMR factors. Carbohydrate intake (% energy) at lunch was positively associated with the change in CMRS (beta coefficient (95% CI): (0.777 (0.509, 1.046) in quintile 5 versus quintile 1). A positive association between carbohydrate intake at dinner and change in CMRS was observed. High protein intake at both lunch and dinner was associated with a favorable change in CMRS. Moderate fat intake at lunch was associated with a lower increase in CMRS. Meal patterns driven by energy were not significantly associated with CMR factors; however, a low carbohydrate-high protein-moderate fat lunch and low carbohydrate-high protein dinner were associated with favorable changes in CMRS in children.
Keywords
meal pattern, energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, cardiometabolic risk factors
Date
2020
Type
Journal article
Journal
Nutrients
Book
Volume
12
Issue
3
Page Range
1-13
Article Number
ACU Department
Collections
Relation URI
Source URL
Event URL
Open Access Status
Published as ‘gold’ (paid) open access
License
CC BY 4.0
File Access
Open