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Exercise-induced skeletal muscle signaling pathways and human athletic performance
Camera, Donny Michael Smiles, William J. Hawley, John Alan
Camera, Donny Michael
Smiles, William J.
Hawley, John Alan
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly malleable tissue capable of altering its phenotype in response to external stimuli including exercise. This response is determined by the mode, (endurance- versus resistance-based), volume, intensity and frequency of exercise performed with the magnitude of this response-adaptation the basis for enhanced physical work capacity. However, training-induced adaptations in skeletal muscle are variable and unpredictable between individuals. With the recent application of molecular techniques to exercise biology, there has been a greater understanding of the multiplicity and complexity of cellular networks involved in exercise responses. This review summarizes the molecular and cellular events mediating adaptation processes in skeletal muscle in response to exercise. We discuss established and novel cell signaling proteins mediating key physiological responses associated with enhanced exercise performance and the capacity for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species to modulate training adaptation responses. We also examine the molecular bases underpinning heterogeneous responses to resistance and endurance exercise and the dissociation between molecular ‘markers’ of training adaptation and subsequent exercise performance.
Keywords
Endurance exercise, Resistance exercise, Cell signaling, Molecular adaptation responses, Responder
Date
2016
Type
Journal article
Journal
Free Radical Biology & Medicine
Book
Volume
98
Issue
Page Range
131-143
Article Number
ACU Department
Non-faculty
Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research
Faculty of Health Sciences
Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research
Faculty of Health Sciences
Collections
Relation URI
Source URL
Event URL
Open Access Status
License
File Access
Controlled