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Effect of vitamin D, omega-3 supplementation, or a home exercise program on muscle mass and sarcopenia : DO-HEALTH trial
Eggimann, Anna K. de Godoi Rezende Costa Molino, Caroline Freystätter, Gregor Vellas, Bruno Kanis, John A. Rizzoli, René Kressig, Retto W. Armbrecht, Gabriele Da Silva, José A. P. Dawson-Hughes, Bess
Eggimann, Anna K.
de Godoi Rezende Costa Molino, Caroline
Freystätter, Gregor
Vellas, Bruno
Kanis, John A.
Rizzoli, René
Kressig, Retto W.
Armbrecht, Gabriele
Da Silva, José A. P.
Dawson-Hughes, Bess
Abstract
Background
We aimed to investigate the effect of daily supplemental vitamin D, omega-3s, and a thrice-weekly home exercise program, alone or in combination, on change of appendicular lean muscle mass index (ALMI) and incident sarcopenia in older adults.
Methods
This is a secondary endpoint analysis of a 3-year randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design among 2157 community-dwelling, healthy adults aged 70 + years, from 2012 to 2018 (DO-HEALTH). Participants were randomized to 2000 IU/d vitamin D and/or 1 g/d marine omega-3s and/or exercise. Change in ALMI over 3 years was calculated in all participants who underwent dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (n = 1495) using mixed effect models. Incident sarcopenia was analyzed based on the Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium in all non-sarcopenic participants (n = 1940).
Results
Among 1495 participants (mean age 74.9 (sd 4.4); 63.3% were women; 80.5% were at least moderately physically active at baseline) mean gait speed at baseline was 1.2 m/s (sd 0.3), mean ALMI at baseline was 6.65 (SD 0.95) in women, and 8.01 (SD 0.88) kg/m2 in men. At year 3, average change of ALMI was −0.09 (sd 0.34) kg/m2 (−1.35%) in women and − 0.17 (sd 0.33) kg/m2 (−2.0%) in men. None of the treatments individually or in combination had a benefit on ALMI change compared to control over 3 years, with omega-3s showing a small protective effect on ALMI at year 1 only (−0.021 vs. no-omega-3s −0.066 kg/m2, p = 0.001). Of 1940 non-sarcopenic participants at baseline, 88 (4.5%) developed incident sarcopenia over 3 years. None of the treatments individually or in combination reduced the odds of incident sarcopenia compared with placebo.
Conclusion
Among healthy, physically active older adults, ALMI and incidence of sarcopenia were not improved by treatment of daily 2000 IU vitamin D, daily 1 g omega-3s, or a simple home exercise program compared with control over 3 years.
Keywords
gait speed, grip strength, healthy aging, muscle function, older adults, primary prevention
Date
2025
Type
Journal article
Journal
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
Book
Volume
73
Issue
4
Page Range
1049-1059
Article Number
ACU Department
Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research
Faculty of Health Sciences
Faculty of Health Sciences
Collections
Relation URI
Source URL
Event URL
Open Access Status
License
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
File Access
Open
Notes
© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the American Geriatrics Society published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The American Geriatrics Society.
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.