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A multilevel approach to motivational climate in physical education and sport settings : An individual or a group level construct?
Papaioannou, Athanasios Marsh, Herbert W. Theodorakis, Yannis
Papaioannou, Athanasios
Marsh, Herbert W.
Theodorakis, Yannis
Abstract
Motivational climate is inherently a group-level construct so that longitudinal, multilevel designs are needed to evaluate its effects on subsequent outcomes. Based on a large sample of physical education classes (2,786 students, 200 classes, 67 teachers), we evaluated the effects of classroom motivational climate (task-involving and ego-involving) and individual goal orientations (task and ego) on individual students’ outcomes (intrinsic motivation, attitudes, physical self-concept, and exercise intentions) collected early (T1) and late (T2) in the school year. Using a multilevel approach, we found significant class-average differences in motivational climate at T1 that had positive effects on T2 outcomes after controlling T1 outcomes. Although there was no support for a “compatibility hypothesis” (e.g., that task oriented students were more benefited by task-involving motivation climates), the stability of goal orientations was undermined by incompatible climates.
Keywords
multilevel hierarchical modeling, motivational goal orientation, variance components, person-environment fit, teacher effects
Date
2004
Type
Journal article
Journal
Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology
Book
Volume
26
Issue
1
Page Range
90-118
Article Number
ACU Department
Institute for Positive Psychology and Education
Faculty of Education and Arts
Faculty of Education and Arts
Relation URI
Source URL
Event URL
Open Access Status
License
All rights reserved
File Access
Controlled