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Adult neurogenesis and gliogenesis: Possible mechanisms for neurorestoration
Zoltan Rusznak Willem Henskens Emma Schofield Woojin Scott Kim YuHong Fu
Zoltan Rusznak
Willem Henskens
Emma Schofield
Woojin Scott Kim
YuHong Fu
Abstract
The subgranular zone (SGZ) and subventricular zone (SVZ) are developmental remnants of the germinal regions of the brain, hence they retain the ability to generate neuronal progenitor cells in adult life. Neurogenesis in adult brain has an adaptive function because newly produced neurons can integrate into and modify existing neuronal circuits. In contrast to the SGZ and SVZ, other brain regions have a lower capacity to produce new neurons, and this usually occurs via parenchymal and periventricular cell genesis. Compared to neurogenesis, gliogenesis occurs more prevalently in the adult mammalian brain. Under certain circumstances, interaction occurs between neurogenesis and gliogenesis, facilitating glial cells to transform into neuronal lineage. Therefore, modulating the balance between neurogenesis and gliogenesis may present a new perspective for neurorestoration, especially in diseases associated with altered neurogenesis and/or gliogenesis, cell loss, or disturbed homeostasis of cellular constitution. The present review discusses important neuroanatomical features of adult neurogenesis and gliogenesis, aiming to explore how these processes could be modulated toward functional repair of the adult brain.
Keywords
neurogenesis, gliogenesis, aging, neurodegeneration, neurorestoration
Date
2016
Type
Journal article
Journal
Experimental Neurobiology
Book
Volume
25
Issue
3
Page Range
103-112
Article Number
ACU Department
School of Behavioural and Health Sciences
Faculty of Health Sciences
Faculty of Health Sciences
Relation URI
Source URL
Event URL
Open Access Status
License
File Access
Controlled