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Influence of age and gender on fat mass, fat-free mass and skeletal muscle mass among Australian adults : The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AUSDIAB)
Strugnell, Claudia Dunstan, David Magliano, Dianna Zimmet, Paul Shaw, Jonathan Daly, Robin
Strugnell, Claudia
Dunstan, David
Magliano, Dianna
Zimmet, Paul
Shaw, Jonathan
Daly, Robin
Abstract
Background: Bioelectrical impedance (BIA) represents a simple, inexpensive and non-invasive method that is often used to assess fat-mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) in large population-based cohorts. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the reference ranges and examine the influence of age and gender on FM, FFM and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) as well as height-adjusted estimates of FM [fat mass index (FMI)], FFM [fat-free mass index (FFMI)] and SMM [SMM index (SMI)] in a national, population-based cohort of Australian adults. Design and Participants: The analytical sample included a total of 8,582 adults aged 25–91 years of Europid origin with complete data involved in the cross-sectional 1999–2000 Australian, Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) Study. Measurements: Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to examine components of body composition. Demographic information was derived from a household interview. Results: For both genders, FFM, SMM and SMI decreased linearly from the age of 25 years, with the exception that in men SMI was not related to age and FFM peaked at age 38 years before declining thereafter. The relative loss from peak values to ≥75 years in FFM (6–8%) and SMM (11–15%) was similar between men and women. For FM and FMI, there was a curvilinear relationship with age in both genders, but peak values were detected 6–7 years later in women with a similar relative loss thereafter. For FFMI there was no change with age in men and a modest increase in women. Conclusion: In Australian adults there is heterogeneity in the age of onset, pattern and magnitude of changes in the different measures of muscle and fat mass derived from BIA, but overall the age-related losses were similar between men and women.
Keywords
Date
2014
Type
Journal article
Journal
Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging
Book
Volume
18
Issue
5
Page Range
540-546
Article Number
ACU Department
Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research
Faculty of Health Sciences
Faculty of Health Sciences
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Open Access Status
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Controlled