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Exposure to drinking water trihalomethanes and their association with low birth weight and small for gestational age in genetically susceptible women
Danileviciute, Asta Grazuleviciene, Regina Vencloviene, Jone Paulauskas, Algimantas Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J.
Danileviciute, Asta
Grazuleviciene, Regina
Vencloviene, Jone
Paulauskas, Algimantas
Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J.
Abstract
Little is known about genetic susceptibility to individual trihalomethanes (THM) in relation to adverse pregnancy outcomes. We conducted a nested case-control study of 682 pregnant women in Kaunas (Lithuania) and, using individual information on drinking water, ingestion, showering and bathing, and uptake factors of THMs in blood, estimated an internal THM dose. We used logistic regression to evaluate the relationship between internal THM dose, birth outcomes and individual and joint (modifying) effects of metabolic gene polymorphisms. THM exposure during entire pregnancy and specific trimesters slightly increased low birth weight (LBW) risk. When considering both THM exposure and maternal genotypes, the largest associations were found for third trimester among total THM (TTHM) and chloroform-exposed women with the GSTM1–0 genotype (OR: 4.37; 95% CI: 1.36–14.08 and OR: 5.06; 95% CI: 1.50–17.05, respectively). A test of interaction between internal THM dose and GSTM1–0 genotype suggested a modifying effect of exposure to chloroform and bromodichloromethane on LBW risk. However, the effect on small for gestational age (SGA) was not statistically significant. These data suggest that THM internal dose may affect foetal growth and that maternal GSTM1 genotype modifies the THM exposure effects on LBW.
Keywords
trihalomethanes, LBW, SGA, GSTT1, GSTM1
Date
2012
Type
Journal article
Journal
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Book
Volume
9
Issue
12
Page Range
4470-4485
Article Number
ACU Department
Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research
Faculty of Health Sciences
Faculty of Health Sciences
Collections
Relation URI
Source URL
Event URL
Open Access Status
Published as ‘gold’ (paid) open access
License
CC BY 3.0
File Access
Open