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Fracture risk assessment by the FRAX model
McCloskey, E. V. Harvey, N. C. Johansson, H. Lorentzon, M. Liu, E. Vandenput, L. Leslie, W. D. Kanis, J. A.
McCloskey, E. V.
Harvey, N. C.
Johansson, H.
Lorentzon, M.
Liu, E.
Vandenput, L.
Leslie, W. D.
Kanis, J. A.
Abstract
The introduction of the FRAX algorithms has facilitated the assessment of fracture risk on the basis of fracture probability. FRAX integrates the influence of several well-validated risk factors for fracture with or without the use of bone mineral density. Since age-specific rates of fracture and death differ across the world, FRAX models are calibrated with regard to the epidemiology of hip fracture (preferably from national sources) and mortality (usually United Nations sources). Models are currently available for 73 nations or territories covering more than 80% of the world population. FRAX has been incorporated into more than 80 guidelines worldwide, although the nature of this application has been heterogeneous. The limitations of FRAX have been extensively reviewed. Arithmetic procedures have been proposed in order to address some of these limitations, which can be applied to conventional FRAX estimates to accommodate knowledge of dose exposure to glucocorticoids, concurrent data on lumbar spine bone mineral density, information on trabecular bone score, hip axis length, falls history, type 2 diabetes, immigration status and recency of prior fracture.
Keywords
FRAX, fracture probability, clinical risk factors, intervention thresholds, risk assessment
Date
2021
Type
Journal article
Journal
Climacteric
Book
Volume
25
Issue
1
Page Range
22-28
Article Number
ACU Department
Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research
Faculty of Health Sciences
Faculty of Health Sciences
Collections
Relation URI
Source URL
Event URL
Open Access Status
Published as ‘gold’ (paid) open access
License
CC BY 4.0
File Access
Open