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Vitamin D and mortality: Individual participant data meta-analysis of standardized 25-hydroxyvitamin D in 26916 individuals from a European consortium

Gaksch, Martin
; 
Jorde, Rolf
; 
Grimnes, Guri
; 
Joakimsen, Ragnar Martin
; 
Schirmer, Henrik
; 
Wilsgaard, Tom
; 
Mathiesen, Ellisiv B.
; 
Njølstad, Inger
; 
Løchen, Maja-Lisa
; 
März, Winfried
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Author
Gaksch, Martin
Jorde, Rolf
Grimnes, Guri
Joakimsen, Ragnar Martin
Schirmer, Henrik
Wilsgaard, Tom
Mathiesen, Ellisiv B.
Njølstad, Inger
Løchen, Maja-Lisa
März, Winfried
Kleber, Marcus E.
Tomaschitz, Andreas
Grübler, Martin
Eiriksdottir, Gudny
Gudmundsson, Elias F.
Harris, Tamara B.
Cotch, Mary F.
Aspelund, Thor
Gudnason, Vilmundur
Rutters, Femke
Beulens, Joline W. J.
van 't Riet, Esther
Nijpels, Giel
Dekker, Jacqueline M.
Grove-Laugesen, Diana
Rejnmark, Lars
Busch, Markus A.
Mensink, Gert B. M.
Scheidt-Nave, Christa
Thamm, Michael
Swart, Karin M. A.
Brouwer, Ingeborg A.
Lips, Paul
van Schoor, Natasja M.
Sempos, Christopher T.
Durazo-Arvizu, Ramón A.
Škrabáková, Zuzana
Dowling, Kirsten G.
Cashman, Kevin D.
Kiely, Mairead
Pilz, Stefan
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor for mortality but previous meta-analyses lacked standardization of laboratory methods for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations and used aggregate data instead of individual participant data (IPD). We therefore performed an IPD meta-analysis on the association between standardized serum 25(OH)D and mortality. Methods: In a European consortium of eight prospective studies, including seven general population cohorts, we used the Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP) protocols to standardize 25(OH)D data. Meta-analyses using a one step procedure on IPD were performed to study associations of 25(OH)D with all-cause mortality as the primary outcome, and with cardiovascular and cancer mortality as secondary outcomes. This meta-analysis is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02438488. Findings: We analysed 26916 study participants (median age 61.6 years, 58% females) with a median 25(OH)D concentration of 53.8 nmol/L. During a median follow-up time of 10.5 years, 6802 persons died. Compared to participants with 25(OH)D concentrations of 75 to 99.99 nmol/L, the adjusted hazard ratios (with 95% confidence interval) for mortality in the 25(OH)D groups with 40 to 49.99, 30 to 39.99, and < 30 nmol/L were 1.15 (1.00–1.29), 1.33 (1.16–1.51), and 1.67 (1.44–1.89), respectively. We observed similar results for cardiovascular mortality, but there was no significant linear association between 25(OH)D and cancer mortality. There was also no significantly increased mortality risk at high 25(OH)D levels up to 125 nmol/L. Interpretation: In the first IPD meta-analysis using standardized measurements of 25(OH)D we observed an association between low 25(OH)D and increased risk of all-cause mortality. It is of public health interest to evaluate whether treatment of vitamin D deficiency prevents premature deaths.
Keywords
Date
2017
Type
Journal article
Journal
PLoS ONE
Book
Volume
12
Issue
2
Page Range
1-15
Article Number
ACU Department
Collections
Faculty of Health Sciences - General
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URI
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14802/35970
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DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0170791
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Open Access Status
Open access
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Open
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