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Importance of standardized DXA protocol for assessing physique changes in athletes
Nana, Alisa Slater, Gary J. Hopkins, Will Halson, Shona Martin, D. T. West, N. P. Burke, Louise Mary
Nana, Alisa
Slater, Gary J.
Hopkins, Will
Halson, Shona
Martin, D. T.
West, N. P.
Burke, Louise Mary
Abstract
Purpose: The implications of undertaking DXA scans using best practice protocols (subjects fasted and rested) or a less precise but more practical protocol in assessing chronic changes in body composition following training and a specialized recovery technique were investigated. Methods: Twenty-one male cyclists completed an overload training program, in which they were randomized to four sessions per week of either cold water immersion therapy or control groups. Whole-body DXA scans were undertaken with best practice protocol (Best) or random activity protocol (Random) at baseline, after 3 weeks of overload training, and after a 2-week taper. Magnitudes of changes in total, lean and fat mass from baseline-overload, overload-taper and baseline-taper were assessed by standardization (Δmean/SD). Results: The standard deviations of change scores for total and fat-free soft tissue mass (FFST) from Random scans (2–3%) were approximately double those observed in the Best (1–2%), owing to extra random errors associated with Random scans at baseline. There was little difference in change scores for fat mass. The effect of cold water immersion therapy on baseline-taper changes in FFST was possibly harmful (-0.7%, 90% confidence limits ±1.2%) with Best scans but unclear with Random scans (0.9%, ±2.0%). Both protocols gave similar possibly harmful effects of cold water immersion therapy on changes in fat mass (6.9%, ±13.5% and 5.5%, ±14.3%, respectively). Conclusions: An interesting effect of cold water immersion therapy on training-induced changes in body composition might have been missed with a less precise scanning protocol. DXA scans should be undertaken with Best.
Keywords
cold water immersion, body composition, cyclists, reliability, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
Date
2016
Type
Journal article
Journal
International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
Book
Volume
26
Issue
3
Page Range
259-267
Article Number
ACU Department
School of Behavioural and Health Sciences
Faculty of Health Sciences
Centre for Exercise and Nutrition
Faculty of Health Sciences
Centre for Exercise and Nutrition
Relation URI
Source URL
Event URL
Open Access Status
License
File Access
Controlled