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Longitudinal development of sprint performance and force-velocity-power characteristics : Influence of biological maturation
Edwards, Toby Weakley, Jonathon Banyard, Harry Cripps, Ashley Piggott, Benjamin Haff, Gregory Joyce, Christopher
Edwards, Toby
Weakley, Jonathon
Banyard, Harry
Cripps, Ashley
Piggott, Benjamin
Haff, Gregory
Joyce, Christopher
Abstract
Edwards, T, Weakley, J, Banyard, HG, Cripps, A, Piggott, B, Haff, GG, and Joyce, C. Longitudinal development of sprint performance and force-velocity-power characteristics: influence of biological maturation. J Strength Cond Res 37(11): 2178–2184, 2023—This study was designed to investigate the influence of biological maturation on the longitudinal development of sprint performance. Thirty-two subjects performed 2 assessments of maximal sprint performance that were separated by 18 months. Each sprint assessment was measured through a radar gun that collected instantaneous velocity with the velocity-time data used to derive sprint times and force-velocity-power characteristics. The biological maturity of each subject was assessed using a predictive equation, and subjects were grouped according to predicted years from peak height velocity (circa-PHV: −1.0 to 1.0; post-PHV: >1.0). A 2 × 2 mixed model analysis of variance was used to assess group × time interactions, and paired t-tests were used to assess the longitudinal changes for each maturity group. No significant group × time interactions were observed for any sprint time or force-velocity-power characteristic. The circa-PHV group experienced significant within-group changes in maximal theoretical velocity (6.35 vs. 5.47%; effect size [ES] = 1.26 vs. 0.52) and 5-m sprint time (−3.63% vs. −2.94%; ES = −0.64 vs. −0.52) compared with the post-PHV group. There was no significant change in the magnitude of relative theoretical maximum force in either group; however, both the circa-PHV and post-PHV groups significantly improved the orientation of force production at the start of the sprint (RFmax [4.91 vs. 4.46%; ES = 0.79 vs. 0.74, respectively]). Considering these findings, it is recommended that practitioners adopt training methods aimed to improve relative lower-limb force production, such as traditional strength training and sled pulling and pushing, to improve sprint performance and relative theoretical maximum force.
Keywords
kinetics, kinematics, speed, youth, athletes
Date
2023
Type
Journal article
Journal
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
Book
Volume
37
Issue
11
Page Range
2178-2184
Article Number
ACU Department
School of Behavioural and Health Sciences
Faculty of Health Sciences
Faculty of Health Sciences
Relation URI
Source URL
Event URL
Open Access Status
License
All rights reserved
File Access
Controlled