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Baseline characteristics in the Aliskiren Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Using Cardio-Renal Endpoints (ALTITUDE)
Parving, Hans Henrik Brenner, Barry M. McMurray, John J.V. de Zeeuw, Dick Haffner, Steven M. Solomon, Scott D. Chaturvedi, Nish Persson, Frederik Nicolaides, Maria Richard, Alexia
Parving, Hans Henrik
Brenner, Barry M.
McMurray, John J.V.
de Zeeuw, Dick
Haffner, Steven M.
Solomon, Scott D.
Chaturvedi, Nish
Persson, Frederik
Nicolaides, Maria
Richard, Alexia
Abstract
Introduction: Patients with type 2 diabetes are at enhanced risk for macro- and microvascular complications. Albuminuria and/or reduced kidney function further enhances the vascular risk. We initiated the Aliskiren Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Using Cardio-Renal Endpoints (ALTITUDE). Aliskiren, a novel direct renin inhibitor, which lowers plasma renin activity, may thereby provide greater cardio-renal protection compared with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) alone. Materials and methods: ALTITUDE is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in high risk type 2 diabetic patients receiving aliskiren 300 mg once daily or placebo added to recommended cardio-renal protective treatment including ACEi or ARB, but not both. The number of patients randomized was 8606. Results: Baseline characteristics (median, IQR) are: age 65 (58, 72) years, male 68%, BMI 29.1 (25.7, 32.2) kg/m2, cardiovascular disease 47.9%, blood pressure 134.7 (126, 150)/74.3 (67, 81) mmHg, HbA1c 7.5 (6.6, 8.6)%, LDL-cholesterol 2.4 (1.9, 3.0) mmol/L, haemoglobin 130 (119, 143) g/L, serum creatinine 115 (91, 137) µmol/L, eGFR 51.7 (42, 65) ml/min per 1.73 m2, geometric mean UACR 198.9 (52, 2886) mg/g and frequency of micro/macroalbuminuria 25.7% and 58.2%. ALTITUDE is an event-driven trial to continue until 1628 patients experience a primary cardiovascular-renal event. Conclusions: ALTITUDE will determine the potential cardio-renal benefit and safety of aliskiren in combination with ACEi or ARB in high risk patients with type 2 diabetes.
Keywords
Albuminuria, aliskiren, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease
Date
2012
Type
Journal article
Journal
Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
Book
Volume
13
Issue
3
Page Range
387-393
Article Number
ACU Department
Collections
Relation URI
Source URL
Event URL
Open Access Status
Open access
License
File Access
Controlled