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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Sarcopenia as Comorbid Chronic Diseases in Older Adults : Established and Emerging Treatments and Therapies
Mesinovic, Jakub Fyfe, Jackson Talevski, Jason Wheeler, Michael Leung, Gloria K W George, Elena S. Hunegnaw, Melkamu T. Glavas, Costas Jansons, Paul Daly, Rob
Mesinovic, Jakub
Fyfe, Jackson
Talevski, Jason
Wheeler, Michael
Leung, Gloria K W
George, Elena S.
Hunegnaw, Melkamu T.
Glavas, Costas
Jansons, Paul
Daly, Rob
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and sarcopenia (low skeletal muscle mass and function) share a bidirectional relationship. The prevalence of these diseases increases with age and they share common risk factors. Skeletal muscle fat infiltration, commonly referred to as myosteatosis, may be a major contributor to both T2DM and sarcopenia in older adults via independent effects on insulin resistance and muscle health. Many strategies to manage T2DM result in energy restriction and subsequent weight loss, and this can lead to significant declines in muscle mass in the absence of resistance exercise, which is also a first-line treatment for sarcopenia. In this review, we highlight recent evidence on established treatments and emerging therapies targeting weight loss and muscle mass and function improvements in older adults with, or at risk of, T2DM and/or sarcopenia. This includes dietary, physical activity and exercise interventions, new generation incretin-based agonists and myostatin-based antagonists, and endoscopic bariatric therapies. We also highlight how digital health technologies and health literacy interventions can increase uptake of, and adherence to, established and emerging treatments and therapies in older adults with T2DM and/or sarcopenia.
Keywords
Aging, Diabetes mellitus, type 2, Exercise, Sarcopenia, Weight loss
Date
2023
Type
Journal article
Journal
Book
Volume
47
Issue
6
Page Range
719-742
Article Number
ACU Department
Centre for Exercise and Nutrition
Faculty of Health Sciences
Faculty of Health Sciences
Collections
Relation URI
Event URL
Open Access Status
Published as ‘gold’ (paid) open access
License
CC BY-NC 4.0
File Access
Open
Notes
Copyright © 2023 Korean Diabetes Association
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.