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Ambient air pollution and the development of overweight and obesity in children : A large longitudinal study
de Bont, Jeroen Díaz, Yesika de Castro, Montserrat Cirach, Marta Basagaña, Xavier Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark Duarte-Salles, Talita Vrijheid, Martine
de Bont, Jeroen
Díaz, Yesika
de Castro, Montserrat
Cirach, Marta
Basagaña, Xavier
Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark
Duarte-Salles, Talita
Vrijheid, Martine
Citations
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Abstract
Background
Ambient air pollution may play a role in childhood obesity development, but evidence is scarce, and the modifying role of socioeconomic status (SES) is unclear. We aimed to examine the association between exposure to air pollution during early childhood and subsequent risk of developing overweight and obesity, and to evaluate whether SES is a modifier of this association.
Methods
This longitudinal study included 416,955 children identified as normal weight between 2–5 years old and registered in an electronic primary healthcare record between 2006 and 2016 in Catalonia (Spain). Children were followed-up until they developed overweight or obesity, reached 15 years of age, died, transferred out, or end of study period (31/12/2018). Overweight and obesity were defined following the WHO reference obtained from height and weight measures. We estimated annual residential census levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter <10 μm (PM10), <2.5 μm (PM2.5), and 2.5–10 μm (PMcoarse) at study entry. We estimated the risk of developing overweight and obesity per interquartile range increase in air pollution exposure with Cox proportional hazard models.
Results
A total of 142,590 (34.2%) children developed overweight or obesity. Increased exposure to NO2, PM10, and PMcoarse was associated with a 2–3% increased risk of developing overweight and obesity (hazard ratio [HR] per 21.8 μg/m3 NO2 = 1.03 [95% CI: 1.02–1.04]; HR per 6.4 μg/m3 PM10 = 1.02 [95% CI: 1.02–1.03]; HR per 4.6 µg/m3 PMcoarse = 1.02, [95% CI: 1.01–1.02]). For all air pollutants, associations were stronger among children living in most compared to least deprived areas.
Conclusions
This study suggests that early life exposure to air pollution may be associated with a small increase in the risk of developing overweight and obesity in childhood, and that this association may be exacerbated in the most deprived areas. Even these small associations are of potential global health importance because air pollution exposure is widespread and the long-term health consequences of childhood obesity are clear.
Keywords
Date
2021
Type
Journal article
Journal
International Journal of Obesity
Book
Volume
45
Issue
5
Page Range
1124-1132
Article Number
ACU Department
Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research
Faculty of Health Sciences
Faculty of Health Sciences
Relation URI
Source URL
Event URL
Open Access Status
License
All rights reserved
File Access
Controlled
Notes
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