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Air pollution and respiratory infections during early childhood: An analysis of 10 European birth cohorts within the ESCAPE project
MacIntyre, Elaina A. Gehring, Ulrike Mölter, Anna Fuertes, Elaine Klümper, Claudia Krämer, Ursula Quass, Ulrich Hoffmann, Barbara Gascon, Mireia Brunekreef, Bert
MacIntyre, Elaina A.
Gehring, Ulrike
Mölter, Anna
Fuertes, Elaine
Klümper, Claudia
Krämer, Ursula
Quass, Ulrich
Hoffmann, Barbara
Gascon, Mireia
Brunekreef, Bert
Author
MacIntyre, Elaina A.
Gehring, Ulrike
Mölter, Anna
Fuertes, Elaine
Klümper, Claudia
Krämer, Ursula
Quass, Ulrich
Hoffmann, Barbara
Gascon, Mireia
Brunekreef, Bert
Koppelman, Gerard H.
Beelen, Rob
Hoek, Gerard
Birk, Matthias
de Jongste, Johan C.
Smit, H. A.
Cyrys, Josef
Gruzieva, Olena
Korek, Michal
Bergström, Anna
Agius, Raymond M.
de Vocht, Frank
Simpson, Angela
Porta, Daniela
Forastiere, Francesco
Badaloni, Chiara
Cesaroni, Giulia
Esplugues, Ana
Fernández-Somoano, Ana
Lerxundi, Aitana
Sunyer, Jordi
Cirach, Marta
Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J.
Pershagen, Göran
Heinrich, Joachim
Gehring, Ulrike
Mölter, Anna
Fuertes, Elaine
Klümper, Claudia
Krämer, Ursula
Quass, Ulrich
Hoffmann, Barbara
Gascon, Mireia
Brunekreef, Bert
Koppelman, Gerard H.
Beelen, Rob
Hoek, Gerard
Birk, Matthias
de Jongste, Johan C.
Smit, H. A.
Cyrys, Josef
Gruzieva, Olena
Korek, Michal
Bergström, Anna
Agius, Raymond M.
de Vocht, Frank
Simpson, Angela
Porta, Daniela
Forastiere, Francesco
Badaloni, Chiara
Cesaroni, Giulia
Esplugues, Ana
Fernández-Somoano, Ana
Lerxundi, Aitana
Sunyer, Jordi
Cirach, Marta
Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J.
Pershagen, Göran
Heinrich, Joachim
Abstract
Background: Few studies have investigated traffic-related air pollution as a risk factor for respiratory infections during early childhood. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the association between air pollution and pneumonia, croup, and otitis media in 10 European birth cohorts—BAMSE (Sweden), GASPII (Italy), GINIplus and LISAplus (Germany), MAAS (United Kingdom), PIAMA (the Netherlands), and four INMA cohorts (Spain)—and to derive combined effect estimates using meta-analysis. Methods: Parent report of physician-diagnosed pneumonia, otitis media, and croup during early childhood were assessed in relation to annual average pollutant levels [nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxide (NOx), particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), PM2.5 absorbance, PM10, PM2.5–10 (coarse PM)], which were estimated using land use regression models and assigned to children based on their residential address at birth. Identical protocols were used to develop regression models for each study area as part of the ESCAPE project. Logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted effect estimates for each study, and random-effects meta-analysis was used to calculate combined estimates. Results: For pneumonia, combined adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were elevated and statistically significant for all pollutants except PM2.5 (e.g., OR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.65 per 10-μg/m3 increase in NO2 and OR = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.00, 3.09 per 10-μg/m3 PM10). For otitis media and croup, results were generally null across all analyses except for NO2 and otitis media (OR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.16 per 10-μg/m3). Conclusion: Our meta-analysis of 10 European birth cohorts within the ESCAPE project found consistent evidence for an association between air pollution and pneumonia in early childhood, and some evidence for an association with otitis media.
Keywords
Date
2014
Type
Journal article
Journal
Environmental Health Perspectives
Book
Volume
122
Issue
1
Page Range
107-113
Article Number
ACU Department
Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research
Faculty of Health Sciences
Faculty of Health Sciences
Collections
Relation URI
Source URL
Event URL
Open Access Status
Open access
License
File Access
Open