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The global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its attributable risk factors in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Safiri, Saeid
; 
Sepanlou, Sadaf G.
; 
Ikuta, Kevin S
; 
Bisignano, Catherine
; 
Salimzadeh, Hamideh
; 
Delavari, Alireza
; 
Ansari, Reza
; 
Roshandel, Gholamreza
; 
Merat, Shahin
; 
Fitzmaurice, Christina
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Author
Safiri, Saeid
Sepanlou, Sadaf G.
Ikuta, Kevin S
Bisignano, Catherine
Salimzadeh, Hamideh
Delavari, Alireza
Ansari, Reza
Roshandel, Gholamreza
Merat, Shahin
Fitzmaurice, Christina
Force, Lisa M.
Nixon, Molly R
Abbastabar, Hedayat
Abegaz, Kedir Hussein
Afarideh, Mohsen
Ahmadi, Ayat
Ahmed, Muktar Beshir
Akinyemiju, Tomi F.
Alahdab, Fares
Ali, Raghib
Alikhani, Mahtab
Alipour, Vahid
Aljunid, Syed Mohamed
Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad
Almasi-Hashiani, Amir
Al-Raddadi, Rajaa
Alvis-Guzman, N.
Amini, Saeed
Anber, Nahla
Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza
Arabloo, Jalal
Arefi, Zohreh
Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad
Azadmehr, Abbas
Badawi, Alaa
Baheiraei, Nafiseh
Bärnighausen, Till Winfried
Basaleem, Huda
Behzadifar, Meysam
Behzadifar, Meysam
Belayneh, Yaschilal Muche
Berhe, Kidanemaryam
Bhattacharyya, Krittika
Biadgo, Belete
Bijani, Ali
Biondi, Antonio
Bjørge, Tone
Borzì, Antonio M.
Bosetti, Cristina
Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R
Brenner, Hermann
Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich
Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich
Carreras, Giulia
Carvalho, Felix
Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A.
Cerin, Ester
Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia
Chido-Amajuoyi, Onyema Greg
Daryani, Ahmad
Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil
Demoz, Gebre
Desai, Rupak
Dianati nasab, Mostafa
Eftekhari, Aziz
El Sayed, Iman
Elbarazi, Iffat
Emamian, Mohammad Hassan
Endries, Aman Yesuf
Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz
Esteghamati, Alireza
Etemadi, Arash
Farzadfar, Farshad
Fernandes, Eduarda
Santos, I.S.
Filip, Irina
Fischer, Florian
Foroutan, Masoud
Gad, Mohamed M
Gallus, Silvano
Ghaseni-Kebria, Fatemeh
Ghashghaee, Ahmad
Gorini, Giuseppe
Hafezi-Nejad, Nima
Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin
Haj-Mirzaian, Arya
Hasanpour-Heidari, Susan
Hasanzadeh, Amir
Hassanipour, Soheil
Hay, Simon I
Hoang, Chi Linh
Hostiuc, Mihaela
Househ, Mowafa
Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen
Ilic, Milena D.
Innos, Kaire
Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi
Islami, Farhad
Jaca, Anelisa
Jafari Balalami, Nader
Jafari delouei, Nastaran
Jafarinia, Morteza
Jahani, Mohammad Ali
Jakovljevic, Mihajlo
James, Spencer L
Javanbakht, Mehdi
Jenabi, Ensiyeh
Jha, Ravi Prakash
Joukar, Farahnaz
Kasaeian, Amir
Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale
Kassaw, Mesfin Wudu
Kengne, Andre
Khader, Yousef Saleh
Khaksarian, Mojtaba
Khalilov, Rovshan
Khan, Ejaz Ahmed
Khayamzadeh, Maryam
Khazaee-Pool, Maryam
Khazaei, Salman
Khosravi Shadmani, Fatemeh
Khubchandani, Jagdish
Kim, Daniel
Kisa, Adnan
Kisa, Sezer
Kocarnik, J.
Komaki, Hamidreza
Kopec, Jacek
Koyanagi, Ai
Kuipers, Ernst J.
Kumar, Vivek
La Vecchia, Carlo
Lami, Faris Hasan
Lopez, Alan D.
Lopukhov, Platon D.
Lunevicius, Raimundas
Majeed, Azeem
Majidinia, Maryam
Manafi, Amir
Manafi, Navid
Manda, Ana-Laura
Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz
Mantovani, Lorenzo G
Mehta, Dhruv
Meier, Toni
Meles, Hagazi Gebre
Mendoza, Walter
Mestrovic, Tomislav
Miazgowski, Bartosz
Miazgowski, T.
Mir, Seyed Mostafa
Mirzaei, Hamed
Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin
Mezerji, Naser Mohammad Gholi
Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah
Mohammadoo-khorasani, Milad
Mohammed, Shafiu
Mohebi, Farnam
Mokdad, Ali H
Monasta, Lorenzo
Moossavi, Maryam
Moradi, Ghobad
Moradpour, Farhad
Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah
Nahvijou, Azin
Naik, Gurudatta
Najafi, Farid
Nazari, Javad
Negoi, Ionut
Nguyen, Cuong Tat
Nguyen, Trang Huyen
Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini
Ogbo, Felix Akpojene
Olagunju, Andrew Toyin
Olagunju, Tinuke O
Pana, Adrian
Pereira, David M.
Pirestani, Majid
Pourshams, Akram
Poustchi, Hossein
Qorbani, Mostafa
Rabiee, Mohammad
Rabiee, Navid
Radfar, Amir
Rahmati, Marveh
Rajati, Fatemeh
Rawaf, David Laith
Rawaf, Salman
Reiner, Robert C.
Renzaho, Andre
Rezaei, Nima
Rezapour, Aziz
Saad, Anas M
Saadatagah, Seyedmohammad
Saddik, Basema
Salehi, Farkhonde
Salehi Zahabi, Saleh
Salz, Inbal
Samy, Abdallah M
Sanabria, Juan
Santric Milicevic, Milena M.
Sarveazad, Arash
Satpathy, Maheswar
Schneider, Ione J C
Sekerija, Mario
Shaahmadi, Faramarz
Shabaninejad, Hosein
Shamsizadeh, Morteza
Sharafi, Zeinab
Sharif, Mehdi
Sharifi, Amrollah
Sheikhbahaei, Sara
Shirkoohi, Reza
Siddappa Malleshappa, Sudeep K
Silva, Diego Augusto Santos
Sisay, Mekonnen
Smarandache, Catalin-Gabriel
Soofi, Moslem
Soreide, Kjetil
Soshnikov, Sergey S.
Starodubov, Vladimir I
Subart, Michelle L
Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael
Taherkhani, Amir
Tesfay, Berhe Etsay
Topor-Madry, Roman
Traini, Eugenio
Tran, Bach Xuan
Tran, Khanh Bao
Ullah, Irfan
Uthman, Olalekan A.
Vacante, Marco
Vahedian-Azimi, Amir
Valli, Alessandro
Varavikova, Elena
Vujcic, Isidora S.
Westerman, Ronny
Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid
Yisma, Engida
Yu, Chuanhua
Zadnik, Vesna
Zahirian Moghadam, Telma
Zaki, Leila
Zandian, Hamed
Zhang, Zhi-Jiang
Murray, Christopher J L
Naghavi, Mohsen
Malekzadeh, Reza
Abstract
Background Data about the global, regional, and country-specific variations in the levels and trends of colorectal cancer are required to understand the impact of this disease and the trends in its burden to help policy makers allocate resources. Here we provide a status report on the incidence, mortality, and disability caused by colorectal cancer in 195 countries and territories between 1990 and 2017. Methods Vital registration, sample vital registration, verbal autopsy, and cancer registry data were used to generate incidence, death, and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) estimates of colorectal cancer at the global, regional, and national levels. We also determined the association between development levels and colorectal cancer age-standardised DALY rates, and calculated DALYs attributable to risk factors that had evidence of causation with colorectal cancer. All of the estimates are reported as counts and age-standardised rates per 100 000 person-years, with some estimates also presented by sex and 5-year age groups. Findings In 2017, there were 1·8 million (95% UI 1·8–1·9) incident cases of colorectal cancer globally, with an age-standardised incidence rate of 23·2 (22·7–23·7) per 100 000 person-years that increased by 9·5% (4·5–13·5) between 1990 and 2017. Globally, colorectal cancer accounted for 896 000 (876 300–915 700) deaths in 2017, with an age-standardised death rate of 11·5 (11·3–11·8) per 100 000 person-years, which decreased between 1990 and 2017 (−13·5% [–18·4 to −10·0]). Colorectal cancer was also responsible for 19·0 million (18·5–19·5) DALYs globally in 2017, with an age-standardised rate of 235·7 (229·7–242·0) DALYs per 100 000 person-years, which decreased between 1990 and 2017 (−14·5% [–20·4 to −10·3]). Slovakia, the Netherlands, and New Zealand had the highest age-standardised incidence rates in 2017. Greenland, Hungary, and Slovakia had the highest age-standardised death rates in 2017. Numbers of incident cases and deaths were higher among males than females up to the ages of 80–84 years, with the highest rates observed in the oldest age group (≥95 years) for both sexes in 2017. There was a non-linear association between the Socio-demographic Index and the Healthcare Access and Quality Index and age-standardised DALY rates. In 2017, the three largest contributors to DALYs at the global level, for both sexes, were diet low in calcium (20·5% [12·9–28·9]), alcohol use (15·2% [12·1–18·3]), and diet low in milk (14·3% [5·1–24·8]). Interpretation There is substantial global variation in the burden of colorectal cancer. Although the overall colorectal cancer age-standardised death rate has been decreasing at the global level, the increasing age-standardised incidence rate in most countries poses a major public health challenge across the world. The results of this study could be useful for policy makers to carry out cost-effective interventions and to reduce exposure to modifiable risk factors, particularly in countries with high incidence or increasing burden.
Keywords
Date
2019
Type
Journal article
Journal
The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Book
Volume
4
Issue
12
Page Range
913-933
Article Number
ACU Department
Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research
Faculty of Health Sciences
Collections
Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research
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URI
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14802/22785
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DOI
10.1016/S2468-1253(19)30345-0
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Published as ‘gold’ (paid) open access
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CC BY 4.0
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