All rights reservedLee, Christopher S.2025-10-1720152025-07-020899-588510.1016/j.cnc.2015.07.002https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14802/38105Key points • The term, cardiotoxicity, generally refers to toxicity of a substance that negatively affects the heart but also has been described using more precise clinical terms in cancer trials. • Common mechanisms of cardiotoxicity associated with cancer therapies include direct cardiomyocyte injury, thromboembolic events, and hypertension. • Anti–tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α agents used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis may interfere with ischemic preconditioning or other roles of low levels of inflammation in cell repair. • Alcohol results in cardiotoxicity via oxidative stress, apoptosis, mitochondrial stress, and protein catabolism. • Cocaine is cardiotoxic primarily by means of sympathetic nervous system stimulation of heart and smooth muscle cells.cardiotoxicityheart failurepathophysiologycardiomyopathytoxicityJournal article2-s2.0-84947302478Controlled26567492PUB0201082730