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Combined effects of time-restricted eating and exercise on short-term blood glucose management in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus : The TREx study, a randomised controlled trial
Bravo-Garcia, Ana Paula Radford, Bridget E. Hall, Rebecca C. Broome, Sophie C. Tee, Nicolin Arthur, Bronte Janssens, Kristel Johnston, Rich D. Halson, Shona L. Devlin, Brooke L.
Bravo-Garcia, Ana Paula
Radford, Bridget E.
Hall, Rebecca C.
Broome, Sophie C.
Tee, Nicolin
Arthur, Bronte
Janssens, Kristel
Johnston, Rich D.
Halson, Shona L.
Devlin, Brooke L.
Abstract
Aims
Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a chrono-nutrition strategy where the daily ‘eating window’ is reduced to 8–10 h. We investigated the acute (14-h) effects of TRE, with and without post-meal exercise, on blood glucose and insulin concentrations in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods
Fourteen participants (5 F, 9 M; HbA1c: 7.6 ± 1.0%) completed four conditions in this randomised crossover study: CON (eating window, 0800–2000 h), CON with exercise (CON + Ex; 0800–2000 h + 15 min walking at 60% VO2peak, 45 min post-meal), TRE (eating window 1000–1800 h), and TRE with exercise (TRE + Ex, 1000–1800 h + 15 min walking as per CON + Ex), with standardised meals. Venous blood samples were collected at 26-timepoints and analysed for glucose and insulin concentrations. Statistical analysis used linear mixed-effects models with P < 0.05.
Results
Reducing the eating window had little effect on plasma glucose 14-h area under the curve (AUC). Exercise reduced insulin 14-h AUC (P=0.01) with no additive effect of TRE.
Conclusion
Post-meal exercise lowered 14-h insulin AUC, neither 8-h TRE nor post-meal exercise altered 14-h blood glucose compared with 12-h eating window. Future work should focus on long-term effects of TRE combined with exercise for enhancing blood glucose in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Keywords
meal timing, exercise timing, glucose, insulin, time-restricted eating, type 2 diabetes mellitus
Date
2025
Type
Journal article
Journal
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
Book
Volume
222
Issue
Page Range
1-9
Article Number
Article 112081
ACU Department
School of Behavioural and Health Sciences
Faculty of Health Sciences
Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research
Centre for Exercise and Nutrition
Faculty of Health Sciences
Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research
Centre for Exercise and Nutrition
Relation URI
Source URL
Event URL
Open Access Status
Published as ‘gold’ (paid) open access
License
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
File Access
Open
Notes
© 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).