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Methodology for studying Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) : A narrative review by a subgroup of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) consensus on REDs
Ackerman, Kathryn E. Rogers, Margot A. Heikura, Ida Burke, Louise Mary Stellingwerff, T Hackney, Anthony C. Verhagen, Evert Schley, Stacey Saville, Grace H Mountjoy, Margo
Ackerman, Kathryn E.
Rogers, Margot A.
Heikura, Ida
Burke, Louise Mary
Stellingwerff, T
Hackney, Anthony C.
Verhagen, Evert
Schley, Stacey
Saville, Grace H
Mountjoy, Margo
Abstract
In the past decade, the study of relationships among nutrition, exercise and the effects on health and athletic performance, has substantially increased. The 2014 introduction of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) prompted sports scientists and clinicians to investigate these relationships in more populations and with more outcomes than had been previously pursued in mostly white, adolescent or young adult, female athletes. Much of the existing physiology and concepts, however, are either based on or extrapolated from limited studies, and the comparison of studies is hindered by the lack of standardised protocols. In this review, we have evaluated and outlined current best practice methodologies to study REDs in an attempt to guide future research. This includes an agreement on the definition of key terms, a summary of study designs with appropriate applications, descriptions of best practices for blood collection and assessment and a description of methods used to assess specific REDs sequelae, stratified as either Preferred, Used and Recommended or Potential. Researchers can use the compiled information herein when planning studies to more consistently select the proper tools to investigate their domain of interest. Thus, the goal of this review is to standardise REDs research methods to strengthen future studies and improve REDs prevention, diagnosis and care.
Keywords
Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs), narrative review, International Olympic Committee, diagnosis, prevention, nutrition, athletic performance, exercise
Date
2023
Type
Journal article
Journal
Book
Volume
57
Issue
17
Page Range
1136-1152
Article Number
ACU Department
Centre for Exercise and Nutrition
Faculty of Health Sciences
Faculty of Health Sciences
Collections
Relation URI
Source URL
Event URL
Open Access Status
Published as ‘gold’ (paid) open access
License
CC BY-NC 4.0
File Access
Open
Notes
© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023.
This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.