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Memory encoding and aging: A neurocognitive perspective
Craik, Fergus I. M. Rose, Nathan S.
Craik, Fergus I. M.
Rose, Nathan S.
Abstract
This review article surveys the evidence for age-related changes in memory from cognitive and neuroimaging studies. It is probable that the observed declines in episodic memory with increasing age are a consequence of impairments in both acquisition (encoding) and retrieval – possibly for similar reasons – but the present review focuses on the former set of processes. An additional emphasis is on a processing approach to understanding age-related encoding deficiencies; we suggest that many problems stem from a decline in the ability to self-initiate deeper semantic processing operations. The article briefly discusses the role of declining sensory and perceptual abilities, but focuses primarily on the nature of processing resources, their consequences for memory acquisition, and on age-related changes in cognition and neural functioning. We also survey the evidence for neuroplasticity in the older brain, and how compensatory activities at behavioral and neural levels can reduce age-related problems. Finally, we review recent studies of brain and cognitive training procedures. Age-related memory problems are real, but there are also grounds for optimism.
Keywords
memory, encoding, aging, attention, processing resources, self-initiated activities, environmental support
Date
2012
Type
Journal article
Journal
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
Book
Volume
36
Issue
7
Page Range
1729-1739
Article Number
ACU Department
Relation URI
Source URL
Event URL
Open Access Status
License
File Access
Controlled