Cholecalciferol or 25-hydroxycholecalciferol supplementation does not affect muscle strength and physical performance in prefrail and frail older adults

Journal article


Vaes, Anouk M. M., Tieland, Michael, Toussaint, Nicole, Nilwik, Rachel, Verdijk, Lex B., van Loon, Luc J. C. and de Groot, Lisette C. P. G. M.. (2018). Cholecalciferol or 25-hydroxycholecalciferol supplementation does not affect muscle strength and physical performance in prefrail and frail older adults. The Journal of Nutrition. 148(5), pp. 712 - 720. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxy024
AuthorsVaes, Anouk M. M., Tieland, Michael, Toussaint, Nicole, Nilwik, Rachel, Verdijk, Lex B., van Loon, Luc J. C. and de Groot, Lisette C. P. G. M.
Abstract

Background: Vitamin D supplementation is proposed as a potential treatment strategy to counteract functional decline in older adults. However, data from randomized trials are either limited or inconsistent. Objective: This study investigated the effect of daily supplementation with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D3] or cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) on muscle strength and physical performance in older adults. Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 6 mo including 78 prefrail or frail (according to the Fried criteria), community-dwelling older adults (n = 43 men) aged ≥65 y, with a baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration between 20 and 50 nmol/L. Participants were supplemented daily with 10 µg 25(OH)D3, 20 µg vitamin D3, or a placebo capsule. Serum 25(OH)D was measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The primary outcome was maximal isometric knee-extension strength (Biodex System 4); secondary outcomes included knee-flexion and hand grip strength, Short-Physical Performance Battery score, Timed Up and Go score, postural sway, muscle mass (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and muscle fiber type and size. Results: The mean baseline serum 25(OH)D concentration was 37.7 nmol/L (95% CI: 35.4, 39.9 nmol/L). After 6 mo of supplementation, concentrations increased to 98.7 nmol/L (95% CI: 93.1, 104.4 nmol/L) in the 25(OH)D3 group and to 72.0 nmol/L (95% CI: 66.1, 77.8 nmol/L) in the vitamin D3 group, compared with 47.5 nmol/L (95% CI: 41.8, 53.3 nmol/L) in the placebo group (P-interaction < 0.01). Knee-extension strength did not significantly change in the 25(OH)D3group (5.9 Nm; 95% CI: −6.2, 18.0 Nm), in the vitamin D3 group (5.5 Nm; 95% CI: −6.8, 17.8 Nm), or in the placebo group (1.8 Nm; 95% CI: −10.7, 14.4 Nm) (P-interaction = 0.74). Furthermore, mean changes in physical performance tests, muscle mass, and muscle fiber type and size did not differ between the groups. Conclusion: Increasing the serum 25(OH)D concentration over a period of 6 mo did not significantly change muscle strength and physical performance in prefrail and frail older adults. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02349282.

Keywordscholecalciferol; 25-hydroxyvitamin D; muscle strength; lower extremity function; older adults
Year2018
JournalThe Journal of Nutrition
Journal citation148 (5), pp. 712 - 720
PublisherOxford University Press
ISSN0022-3166
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxy024
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85047120850
Page range712 - 720
Research GroupMary MacKillop Institute for Health Research
Publisher's version
File Access Level
Controlled
Place of publicationUnited States of America
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