Development and psychometric testing of the gender misconceptions of men in nursing (GEMINI) scale among nursing students

Journal article

Montayre, Jed, Alananzeh, Ibrahim, Bail, Kasia, Barnewall, Kate, Beament, Tania, Campbell, Steve, Carmody, Cathy, Chan, Alex, Donnelly, Frank, Duff, Jed, Ferguson, Caleb, Gibson, Jo, Harbour, Peta, Ireland, Colin J., Liu, Xian-Liang, Luyke, Patricia, Maneze, Della, McDonall, Jo, McTier, Lauren, ... Salamonson, Yenna. (2022). Development and psychometric testing of the gender misconceptions of men in nursing (GEMINI) scale among nursing students. Contemporary Nurse. 58(4), pp. 253-263. https://doi.org/10.1080/10376178.2022.2107041
AuthorsMontayre, Jed, Alananzeh, Ibrahim, Bail, Kasia, Barnewall, Kate, Beament, Tania, Campbell, Steve, Carmody, Cathy, Chan, Alex, Donnelly, Frank, Duff, Jed, Ferguson, Caleb, Gibson, Jo, Harbour, Peta, Ireland, Colin J., Liu, Xian-Liang, Luyke, Patricia, Maneze, Della, McDonall, Jo, McTier, Lauren, Mulquiney, Tameeka, O'Brien, Jane, Pelentsov, Lemuel J., Ramjan, Lucie M., Reedy, Natasha, Richards, Gina M., Roche, Michael A., Smith, Brandon W., Tan, Jing-Yu (Benjamin), Theobald, Karen A., Tori, Kathleen E., Wall, Peter, Wallis, Emily, Yokota, Luke, Zugai, Joel and Salamonson, Yenna
Abstract

Background
Misconceptions about men in nursing may influence recruitment and retention, further perpetuating the gender diversity imbalance in the nursing workforce. Identifying misconceptions and implementing early intervention strategies to address these deep-rooted stereotypes remain challenging but is considered critical to support students who are commencing a nursing career.

Objective
To develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the ‘Gender Misconceptions of meN in nursIng (GEMINI) Scale.

Design
Cross-sectional survey.

Methods
Pre-registration nursing students enrolled in undergraduate nursing programmes across 16 nursing institutions in Australia were surveyed from July to September 2021. The 17-item self-report GEMINI Scale measured the gender misconceptions of men in nursing.

Results
Of the 1410 completed surveys, data from 683 (45%) women were used for exploratory factor analysis showing a one factor structure, while data from 727 men (47%) were used for confirmatory factor analysis of the 17-item GEMINI Scale, which showed a good model fit. The scale demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha of 0.892). Men were found to have higher gender misconceptions (p < 0.001) while respondents who: (a) identified nursing as their first career choice (p = 0.002); (b) were in their final year of programme enrolment (p = 0.016); and (c) engaged in health-related paid work (p = 0.002) had lower gender misconceptions.

Conclusion
The GEMINI Scale is a robust, valid, reliable, and easy to administer tool to assess misconceptions about men in nursing, which may potentially influence academic performance and retention. Identifying and addressing specific elements of misconceptions could inform targeted strategies to support retention and decrease attrition among these students.

Impact statement
Genderism harms nursing, as well as the men and women working in the profession. Recruitment and retention of men into nursing is needed to cultivate male role models and diversify the workforce, however this is impeded by negative portrayals in popular culture and misconceptions entrenched in society.

Keywordsgender misconception; gender role; gender bias; instrument development; psychometric testing; nursing student; men in nursing
Year2022
JournalContemporary Nurse
Journal citation58 (4), pp. 253-263
PublisherRoutledge
ISSN1037-6178
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1080/10376178.2022.2107041
PubMed ID35881770
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85137120594
Open accessPublished as ‘gold’ (paid) open access
Page range253-263
Publisher's version
License
File Access Level
Open
Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Online01 Sep 2022
Publication process dates
Accepted24 Jul 2022
Deposited12 Jul 2023
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https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/item/8z48x/development-and-psychometric-testing-of-the-gender-misconceptions-of-men-in-nursing-gemini-scale-among-nursing-students

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