Patient acceptance of care of a novel care pathway for those at risk of poor outcomes from musculoskeletal pain : A mixed methods study

Objective
Investigate people's acceptance of specialist musculoskeletal care within a new care pathway for common musculoskeletal conditions (low back pain, neck pain/whiplash, knee osteoarthritis).

Design
Convergent parallel mixed methods design referencing the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability. The study included a subset of participants (n = 29) at-risk of poor outcomes from the intervention arm of the PAthway of CarE for common musculoskeletal conditions (PACE-MSK) trial. In the PACE-MSK arm, participants received specialist physiotherapist care as an adjunct to the care provided by their primary healthcare professional(s). One-to-one semi-structured interviews were conducted around 3-months after commencing in the trial. Quantitative data were collected at baseline and 3-month follow-up (health-related quality of life, pain self-efficacy, global perceived change, satisfaction).

Results
Five themes were identified (Expectations and beliefs shaped patient experience; Clinical expertise and competence influence acceptance; Person-centred care; Mechanisms facilitating beneficial responses to care; Gaps in care pathway implementation). There were positive individual changes in physical quality of life for 17/29 (59%) participants, mental health quality of life for 12/29 (41%), pain self-efficacy for 8/29 (28%) and global perceived change for 19/29 (66%). Management met expectations with the majority reporting high levels of satisfaction. Integrating the qualitative and quantitative data with the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability, there were complementary meta-inferences in the constructs of ‘ethicality’, ‘intervention coherence’, ‘self-efficacy’ and ‘affective attitude’. Divergence was identified in ‘perceived effectiveness’.

Discussion
In general, there was positive acceptance of the care pathway by participants. Specialist physiotherapists’ care was perceived as a positive addition to usual care.

© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).