Patient experience of non-conveyance following emergency ambulance service response : A scoping review of the literature

Introduction
Evolution of ambulance service response models has resulted in significant numbers of patients not being conveyed to Emergency Departments. Prior research has attempted to measure patient-safety aspects of non-conveyance with inconclusive results. Several authors have recommended investigation of patient experience as an alternative metric. Understanding patient experience is acknowledged as a core requirement for design and evaluation of changes to healthcare delivery. However, it is unclear to what extent patient experience of non-conveyance is described in academic literature.

Aims
To map scholarly literature that describes patient experience of non-conveyance and identify knowledge gaps that guide future research.

Methods
Scoping review guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) framework.

Results
Ten studies of heterogenous methodology were included. Commonly, high levels of satisfaction with paramedic care were reported, yet contributing factors to satisfaction were generally not described. Qualitative studies provided deeper insight into experience. Value was attributed to reassurance and being empowered in the decision-making process. Not having concerns validated by paramedics led to negative experiences.

Conclusion
There is a scarcity of quality research that has investigated patient experience of non-conveyance following emergency ambulance service response. Methods used by existing research is of low-quality. Patient experience of non-conveyance is not fully known.

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