Focal concerns in coroners’ reports : Analysing the framing of fatal police use of force on individuals with mental illness

Coronial inquests are crucial for holding police accountable. These public processes ensure impartial investigations into deaths and may offer findings or recommendations concerning public health and safety and the administration of justice. In Australia, civilian deaths that occur during police operations or while in police custody are reported to the coroner, who examines police actions to determine their appropriateness. Using the ‘focal concerns’ perspective to analyse cases of police fatal use of force against individuals with mental illness, this study aims to understand how coroners' reports frame such incidents concerning considerations of blameworthiness, community protection, and practical constraints. The findings show how these reports often emphasise the lack of police blameworthiness, asserting that officers' actions were lawful and reasonable given the rapidly evolving circumstances. Reflecting considerations of community protection, police officers' actions were also frequently justified as necessary to protect themselves, the public, and the individuals in crisis, despite the lethal outcomes. Finally, the findings identify several practical constraints impacting police responses, including limited assistance from mental health professionals or police negotiators. These findings underscore the need for improved training, resources, and mental health support to better align police practices with community safety and accountability.

© 2025 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

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