The reliability of a maximal isometric hip strength and simultaneous surface EMG screening protocol in elite, junior rugby league athletes

Journal article

Charlton, Paula C., Mentiplay, Benjamin F., Grimaldi, Alison, Pua, Yong-Hao and Clark, Ross A.. (2017). The reliability of a maximal isometric hip strength and simultaneous surface EMG screening protocol in elite, junior rugby league athletes. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 20(2), pp. 139-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2016.06.008
AuthorsCharlton, Paula C., Mentiplay, Benjamin F., Grimaldi, Alison, Pua, Yong-Hao and Clark, Ross A.
Abstract

Objectives
Firstly to describe the reliability of assessing maximal isometric strength of the hip abductor and adductor musculature using a hand held dynamometry (HHD) protocol with simultaneous wireless surface electromyographic (sEMG) evaluation of the gluteus medius (GM) and adductor longus (AL). Secondly, to describe the correlation between isometric strength recorded with the HHD protocol and a laboratory standard isokinetic device.

Design
Reliability and correlational study.

Methods
A sample of 24 elite, male, junior, rugby league athletes, age 16–20 years participated in repeated HHD and isometric Kin-Com (KC) strength testing with simultaneous sEMG assessment, on average (range) 6 (5–7) days apart by a single assessor. Strength tests included; unilateral hip abduction (ABD) and adduction (ADD) and bilateral ADD assessed with squeeze (SQ) tests in 0 and 45° of hip flexion.

Results
HHD demonstrated good to excellent inter-session reliability for all outcome measures (ICC(2,1) = 0.76–0.91) and good to excellent association with the laboratory reference KC (ICC(2,1) = 0.80–0.88). Whilst intra-session, inter-trial reliability of EMG activation and co-activation outcome measures ranged from moderate to excellent (ICC(2,1) = 0.70–0.94), inter-session reliability was poor (all ICC(2,1) < 0.50).

Conclusions
Isometric strength testing of the hip ABD and ADD musculature using HHD may be measured reliably in elite, junior rugby league athletes. Due to the poor inter-session reliability of sEMG measures, it is not recommended for athlete screening purposes if using the techniques implemented in this study.

Keywordsathletes; muscle strength; sports; hip; gluteal muscle; hip muscle
Year2017
JournalJournal of Science and Medicine in Sport
Journal citation20 (2), pp. 139-145
PublisherElsevier Ltd
ISSN1440-2440
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2016.06.008
Scopus EID2-s2.0-84997218190
Open accessPublished as green open access
Page range139-145
Research GroupSports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre
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Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Online23 Jun 2016
Publication process dates
Accepted16 Jun 2016
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Williams, Gavin, Weragoda, Natasha, Paterson, Kade and Clark, Ross. (2013). Cardiovascular fitness is unrelated to mobility limitations in ambulant people with traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0b013e318279536d
A comparison of two methods in acquiring stimulus : Response curves with transcranial magnetic stimulation
Pearce, Alan, Clark, Ross and Kidgell, Dawson. (2013). A comparison of two methods in acquiring stimulus : Response curves with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Brain Stimulation: basic, translational and clinical research in neuromodulation. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2012.05.010
Association between seated postural control and gait speed in knee osteoarthritis
Hao Pua, Yong, Clark, Ross, Ong, Peck Hoon, Bryant, Adam, Lo, Ngai-Ngung and Liang, Zhiqi. (2013). Association between seated postural control and gait speed in knee osteoarthritis. Gait & Posture. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.08.014
Validity of the Nintendo Wii balance board for the assessment of standing balance in Parkinson's disease
Holmes, Jeffrey, Jenkins, Mary, Johnson, Andrew, Hunt, Michael and Clark, Ross. (2013). Validity of the Nintendo Wii balance board for the assessment of standing balance in Parkinson's disease. Clinical Rehabilitation. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215512458684
Reliability and validity of the Microsoft Kinect for evaluating static foot posture
Mentiplay, Benjamin, Clark, Ross, Mullins, Alexandra, Bryant, Adam, Bartold, Simon and Paterson, Kade. (2013). Reliability and validity of the Microsoft Kinect for evaluating static foot posture. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research. https://doi.org/10.1186/1757-1146-6-14
Low-cost evaluation and real-time feedback of static and dynamic weight bearing asymmetry in patients undergoing in-patient physiotherapy rehabilitation for neurological conditions
Foo, Joanna, Paterson, Kade, Williams, Gavin and Clark, Ross. (2013). Low-cost evaluation and real-time feedback of static and dynamic weight bearing asymmetry in patients undergoing in-patient physiotherapy rehabilitation for neurological conditions. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation. 10(74), pp. 2 - 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-0003-10-74
Feasibility and efficacy of the Nintendo Wii gaming system to improve balance performnace post-stroke : Protocol of a phase II randomized controlled trial in an inpatient rehabilitation setting
Bower, Kelly, Clark, Ross, McGinley, Jennifer, Martin, Clarissa and Miller, Kimberly. (2013). Feasibility and efficacy of the Nintendo Wii gaming system to improve balance performnace post-stroke : Protocol of a phase II randomized controlled trial in an inpatient rehabilitation setting. Games for Health: research, development, and clinical applications. https://doi.org/10.1089/g4h.2012.0069
Concurrent validity of the Microsoft Kinect for assessment of spatiotemporal gait variables
Clark, Ross Allan, Bower, Kelly, Mentiplay, Benjamin, Paterson, Kade L. and Hao Pua, Yong. (2013). Concurrent validity of the Microsoft Kinect for assessment of spatiotemporal gait variables. Journal of Biomechanics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.08.011
Validity of the Microsoft Kinect for providing lateral trunk lean feedback during gait retraining
Clark, Ross Allan, Hao Pua, Yong, Bryant, Adam and Hunt, Michael. (2013). Validity of the Microsoft Kinect for providing lateral trunk lean feedback during gait retraining. Gait & Posture. 38(4), pp. 1064 - 1066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.03.029
Preliminary prediction model for fear-induced activity limitation after total knee arthroplasty in people 60 years and older : Prospective cohort study
Pua, Yong-Hao, Ong, Peck-Hoon, Lee, Amanda Yan-Ying, Tan, Jiajie, Bryant, Adam and Clark, Ross. (2013). Preliminary prediction model for fear-induced activity limitation after total knee arthroplasty in people 60 years and older : Prospective cohort study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2012.10.008
Effects of thoracic kyphosis and forward head posture on cervical range of motion in older adults
Quek, June, Hao Pua, Yong, Clark, Ross and Bryant, Adam. (2013). Effects of thoracic kyphosis and forward head posture on cervical range of motion in older adults. Manual Therapy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2012.07.005
Anatomical and mechanical relationship between the proximal attachment of adductor longus and the distal rectus sheath
Norton-Old, Kimberley, Schache, Anthony, Barker, Priscilla, Clark, Ross, Harrison, Simon and Briggs, Christopher. (2013). Anatomical and mechanical relationship between the proximal attachment of adductor longus and the distal rectus sheath. Clinical Anatomy (print). https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.22116
Validity of the Microsoft Kinect for assessment of postural control
Clark, Ross, Pua, Yong-Hao, Fortin, K, Ritchie, Callan, Webster, Kate, Denehy, Linda and Bryant, Adam. (2012). Validity of the Microsoft Kinect for assessment of postural control. Gait & Posture. 36(3), pp. 372 - 377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.03.033
Coordination of dynamic balance during gait training in people with acquired brain injury
Clark, Ross, Williams, Gavin, Fini, N, Moore, Liz and Bryant, Adam. (2012). Coordination of dynamic balance during gait training in people with acquired brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 93(4), pp. 636 - 640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2011.11.002
Improving lower limb weight distribution asymmetry during the squat using Nintendo Wii balance boards and real-time feedback
McGough, Rian, Paterson, Kade, Bradshaw, Elizabeth, Bryant, Adam and Clark, Ross. (2012). Improving lower limb weight distribution asymmetry during the squat using Nintendo Wii balance boards and real-time feedback. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 26(1), pp. 47 - 52. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318220b515
Associations of knee extensor strength and standing balance with physical function in knee osteoarthritis
Pua, Y, Liang, Z, Ong, Peck Hoon, Bryant, Adam, Lo, Ngai-Ngung and Clark, Ross. (2011). Associations of knee extensor strength and standing balance with physical function in knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Care and Research. 63(12), pp. 1706 - 1714. https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.20615
The effects of enhanced plantar sensory feedback and foot orthoses on midfoot kinematics and lower leg neuromuscular activation
Ritchie, Callan, Paterson, Kade L., Bryant, Adam L., Bartold, Simon and Clark, Ross Allan. (2011). The effects of enhanced plantar sensory feedback and foot orthoses on midfoot kinematics and lower leg neuromuscular activation. Gait & Posture. 33(4), pp. 576 - 581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.01.012
The influence of variable range of motion training on neuromuscular performance and control of external loads
Clark, Ross, Humphries, B, Hohmann, E and Bryant, Adam. (2011). The influence of variable range of motion training on neuromuscular performance and control of external loads. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 25(3), pp. 704 - 711. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181c6a0ff
Morphology of hamstring torque-time curves following acl injury and reconstruction :Mechanisms and implications
Bryant, Adam, Clark, Ross and Pua, Y. (2011). Morphology of hamstring torque-time curves following acl injury and reconstruction :Mechanisms and implications. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 29(6), pp. 907 - 914. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.21306
Acute effects of a shoe with enhanced plantar sensory feedback on midfoot kinematics whilst walking
Bartold, Simon, Bryant, Adam, Clark, Ross, Paterson, Kade and Ritchie, Callan. (2011). Acute effects of a shoe with enhanced plantar sensory feedback on midfoot kinematics whilst walking. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research. 4(1), pp. 1 - 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/1757-1146-4-S1-O2
Estrogen-induced effects on the neuro-mechanics of hopping in humans
Bryant, Adam, Crossley, Kay, Bartold, Simon, Hohmann, E and Clark, Ross. (2011). Estrogen-induced effects on the neuro-mechanics of hopping in humans. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 111(2), pp. 245 - 252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-010-1647-8
Inter-day reliability leg, knee and ankle stiffness measures during hopping
Joseph, Corey W., Bradshaw, Elizabeth and Clark, Ross Allan. (2011). Inter-day reliability leg, knee and ankle stiffness measures during hopping. 2012 International Conference on Biomechanics in Sports. Germany: International Society of Biomechanics. pp. 989 - 992
Design and validation of a portable, inexpensive and multi-beam timing light system using the Nintendo Wii hand controllers
Clark, Ross A., Paterson, Kade L., Ritchie, Callan, Blundell, Simon A. and Bryant, Adam L.. (2011). Design and validation of a portable, inexpensive and multi-beam timing light system using the Nintendo Wii hand controllers. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 14(2), pp. 177 - 182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2010.12.001
Training conditions influence walking kinematics and self-selected walking speed in patients with neurological impairments
Williams, Gavin, Clark, Ross, Schache, Anthony, Fini, N, Moore, Liz, Morris, Meg and McCrory, P. (2011). Training conditions influence walking kinematics and self-selected walking speed in patients with neurological impairments. Journal of Neurotrauma. 28(2), pp. 281 - 287. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2010.1649
Physical Function in Hip Osteoarthritis : Relationship to isometric Knee Extensor Steadiness
Pua, Y, Clark, Ross and Bryant, Adam. (2010). Physical Function in Hip Osteoarthritis : Relationship to isometric Knee Extensor Steadiness. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 91(7), pp. 1110 - 1116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2010.04.001
Reprogramming Nintendo gaming controllers for sports science: The creation of gym and field based athlete testing systems
Clark, Ross, Paterson, Kade and Bryant, Adam. (2010). Reprogramming Nintendo gaming controllers for sports science: The creation of gym and field based athlete testing systems. Be Active 2012 : Australian Conference of Science and Medicine in Sport. Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 31 Oct - 03 Nov 2012 Australia: Elsevier. pp. 88 - 88
Mechanical properties of the achilles tendon aponeurosis are altered in athletes with achilles tendinopathy
Child, S, Bryant, Adam, Clark, Ross and Crossley, Kay. (2010). Mechanical properties of the achilles tendon aponeurosis are altered in athletes with achilles tendinopathy. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 38(9), pp. 1885 - 1893. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546510366234
Mechanical properties of the achilles tendon aponeurosis are altered in athletes with achilles tendinopathy
Child, S, Bryant, Adam, Clark, Ross and Crossley, Kay. (2010). Mechanical properties of the achilles tendon aponeurosis are altered in athletes with achilles tendinopathy. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 38(9), pp. 1885 - 1893. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546510366234
Validity and reliability of the Nintendo Wii Balance Board for assessment of standing balance
Clark, Ross, Bryant, Adam, Pua, Yonghao, McCrory, P, Bennell, Kim and Hunt, Michael. (2010). Validity and reliability of the Nintendo Wii Balance Board for assessment of standing balance. Gait & Posture. 31(3), pp. 307 - 310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.11.012
Examining different aspects of functional performance using a variety of bench throw techniques
Clark, Ross, Bryant, Adam and Pua, Y. (2010). Examining different aspects of functional performance using a variety of bench throw techniques. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 24(10), pp. 2755 - 2761. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181bf0368
Examining different aspects of functional performance using a variety of bench throw techniques
Clark, Ross, Bryant, Adam and Pua, Y. (2010). Examining different aspects of functional performance using a variety of bench throw techniques. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 24(10), pp. 2755 - 2761. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181bf0368
Tibial acceleration variability during consecutive gait cycles is influenced by the menstrual cycle
Clark, Ross, Bartold, Simon and Bryant, Adam. (2010). Tibial acceleration variability during consecutive gait cycles is influenced by the menstrual cycle. Clinical Biomechanics. 25(6), pp. 557 - 562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2010.03.002
iliotibial band syndrome : An examination of the evidence behind a number of treatment options
Falvey, E, Clark, Ross, Franklyn-Miller, A, Bryant, Adam, Briggs, C and McCrory, P. (2010). iliotibial band syndrome : An examination of the evidence behind a number of treatment options. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 20(4), pp. 580 - 587. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00968.x
The inter-day reliability of a method used to determine vertical, knee and ankle stiffness during running
Clark, Ross, Joseph, Corey W. and Bradshaw, Elizabeth Jane. (2010). The inter-day reliability of a method used to determine vertical, knee and ankle stiffness during running. XXVIIIth Internatrional Society of Biomechnics in Sports. USA: International Society of Biomechanics. pp. 286 - 289
Morphology of knee extension torque-time curves following anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction
Bryant, Adam L., Pua, Yong-Hao and Clark, Ross Allan. (2009). Morphology of knee extension torque-time curves following anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery: American Volume. 91(6), pp. 1424 - 1431. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.H.01335
Assessment of mechanical strain in the intact plantar fascia
Clark, Ross Allan, Franklyn-Miller, Andrew, Falvey, Eanna C., Bryant, Adam L., Bartold, Simon and McCrory, Paul. (2009). Assessment of mechanical strain in the intact plantar fascia. The Foot. 19(3), pp. 161 - 164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foot.2009.06.001
The effect of training status on inter-limb joint stiffness regulation during repeated maximal sprints
Clark, Ross Allan. (2009). The effect of training status on inter-limb joint stiffness regulation during repeated maximal sprints. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 12(3), pp. 406 - 410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2007.12.003
Hamstring injuries: Risk assessment and injury prevention
Clark, Ross Allan. (2008). Hamstring injuries: Risk assessment and injury prevention. Academy of Medicine, Singapore. Annals. 37(4), pp. 341 - 346.
Effects of estrogen on the mechanical behavior of the human achilles tendon in vivo
Bryant, Adam L., Clark, Ross Allan, Bartold, Simon, Murphy, Aron J., Bennell, Kim L., Hohmann, Erik, Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya, Payne, Craig and Crossley, Kay M.. (2008). Effects of estrogen on the mechanical behavior of the human achilles tendon in vivo. Journal of Applied Physiology. 105(4), pp. 1035 - 1043. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01281.2007
A comparison of force curve profiles between the bench press and ballistic bench throws
Clark, Ross Allan, Bryant, Adam and Humphries, Brendan. (2008). A comparison of force curve profiles between the bench press and ballistic bench throws. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 22(6), pp. 1755 - 1759. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181874735
An examination of strength and concentric work ratios during variable range of motion training
Clark, Ross Allan, Bryant, Adam L. and Humphries, Brendan. (2008). An examination of strength and concentric work ratios during variable range of motion training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 22(5), pp. 1716 - 1719. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318173c529