Overprotective parenting experiences and early maladaptive schemas in adolescence and adulthood : A systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal article


Bruysters, Niki Yuen Fen and Pilkington, Pamela D.. (2023). Overprotective parenting experiences and early maladaptive schemas in adolescence and adulthood : A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 30(1), pp. 10-23. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2776
AuthorsBruysters, Niki Yuen Fen and Pilkington, Pamela D.
Abstract

Young's schema model identifies overprotection as a type of childhood experience associated with early maladaptive schemas. This review evaluated the evidence base examining overprotective parenting as a predictor of schema endorsement in adolescence and adulthood. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, and registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021258990). PsycINFO, CINAHL and PubMed databases were searched on 5 June 2021 for eligible studies reporting original data on unadjusted association(s) between overprotective parenting and schema endorsement in samples with a mean age of 12 years or older. Studies were excluded if they were not in English or peer reviewed or participants were exposed to an intervention. Meta-analyses using Meta-Essentials software examined the relationship between maternal and paternal overprotective parenting with Young's 18 schemas. An adapted version of the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS) was used to assess methodological quality. A total of 16 articles were included. Based on 36 meta-analyses (Pooled N = 1,496 to 3,218), several schemas demonstrated positive small correlations with maternal overprotective parenting (range: r = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.10, 0.19 [Entitlement] to r = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.13, 0.43 [Enmeshment]) and paternal overprotective parenting (range: r = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.10, 0.20 [Abandonment] to r = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.10, .36 [Enmeshment]). Considerable heterogeneity was detected, but subgroup analyses were not significant. Overall, recollections of overprotective parenting experiences were primarily associated with schemas relating to disconnection and rejection, and impaired autonomy and performance. However, the literature has thus far relied on retrospective measures of parenting, and longitudinal research is needed to establish causality.

Keywordsearly maladaptive schemas; meta-analyses; overprotective parenting; systematic review
Year2023
JournalClinical Psychology and Psychotherapy
Journal citation30 (1), pp. 10-23
PublisherJohn Wiley & Sons Ltd
ISSN1063-3995
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2776
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85136941825
Page range10-23
Publisher's version
License
File Access Level
Open
Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Online16 Aug 2022
Publication process dates
Accepted14 Jul 2022
Deposited10 Aug 2023
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