Early maladaptive schemas, emotion regulation difficulties, and alexithymia : A systematic review and meta-analysis
Journal article
Pilkington, Pamela D., Karantzas, Gery C., Faustino, Bruno and Pizarro-Campagna, Elizabeth. (2023). Early maladaptive schemas, emotion regulation difficulties, and alexithymia : A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 31(1), pp. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2914
Authors | Pilkington, Pamela D., Karantzas, Gery C., Faustino, Bruno and Pizarro-Campagna, Elizabeth |
---|---|
Abstract | Background: Emotion regulation is an integral part of the schema therapy model. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize the evidence on the associations between early maladaptive schemas (EMSs), difficulties with emotion regulation and alexithymia. Method: PsycINFO, PubMed and CINAHL Complete databases were searched on 28 May 2022 and 3 February 2023 in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Included studies were in English, in peer-reviewed journals and reported on the association between one or more of the 18 EMSs or five schema domains and emotion regulation difficulties or alexithymia. Methodological quality was assessed using the Appraisal Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies. Meta-analyses were conducted to examine difficulties with emotion regulation and alexithymia as correlates of each EMS and domain. Results: A total of 19 studies published between 2008 and 2022 were included (Pooled N = 5957). Difficulties with emotion regulation were positively correlated with all 18 EMSs (range: entitlement r(7) = .28, 95% CI [.13, .42] to negativity pessimism r(5) = .53, 95% CI [.23, .74]) and schema domains (range: impaired limits r(5) = .34, 95% CI [.08, .56] to disconnection rejection r(5) = .44, 95% CI [.33, .73]). Alexithymia was positively correlated with the other-directedness domain (r(2) = .40, 95% CI [.09, .64]) and 16 of the 18 EMSs (range: unrelenting standards r(5) = .21, 95% CI [.12, .28] to emotional inhibition r(5) = .50, 95% CI [.34, .63]). Conclusions: The findings suggested that almost all 18 EMSs are implicated in emotion regulation difficulties and alexithymia, particularly those relating to unmet needs for attachment and autonomy. |
Keywords | early maladaptive schemas; emotion regulation; alexithymia; meta-analysis; schema domains; systematic review |
Year | 2023 |
Journal | Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy |
Journal citation | 31 (1), pp. 1-14 |
Publisher | John Wiley & Sons Ltd |
ISSN | 1099-0879 |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2914 |
PubMed ID | 37735142 |
Scopus EID | 2-s2.0-85171777299 |
Web address (URL) | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cpp.2914 |
Open access | Published as ‘gold’ (paid) open access |
Research or scholarly | Research |
Page range | 1-14 |
Publisher's version | License File Access Level Open |
Output status | Published |
Publication dates | |
Online | 21 Sep 2023 |
Publication process dates | |
Accepted | 05 Sep 2023 |
Deposited | 05 Oct 2023 |
Additional information | © 2023 The Authors. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. |
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. |
https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/item/8zv1w/early-maladaptive-schemas-emotion-regulation-difficulties-and-alexithymia-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
Download files
Publisher's version
OA_Pilkington_2023_Early_maladaptive_schemas_emotion_regulation_difficulties.pdf | |
License: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 | |
File access level: Open |
101
total views87
total downloads6
views this month10
downloads this month