Do self-managed exercises and strength/fitness training affect multifidus muscle size in elite footballers?

Journal article

Hides, Julie A., Walsh, Jazmin C., Franettovich-Smith, Melinda M. and Mendis, M. Dilani. (2017). Do self-managed exercises and strength/fitness training affect multifidus muscle size in elite footballers? Journal of Athletic Training. 52(7), pp. 649-655. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-52.3.13
AuthorsHides, Julie A., Walsh, Jazmin C., Franettovich-Smith, Melinda M. and Mendis, M. Dilani
Abstract

Context: 
Low back pain (LBP) and lower limb injuries are common among Australian Football League (AFL) players. Smaller size of 1 key trunk muscle, the lumbar multifidus (MF), has been associated with LBP and injuries in footballers. The size of the MF muscle has been shown to be modifiable with supervised motor-control training programs. Among AFL players, supervised motor-control training has also been shown to reduce the incidence of lower limb injuries and was associated with increased player availability for games. However, the effectiveness of a self-managed MF exercise program is unknown.

Objective: 
To investigate the effect of self-managed exercises and fitness and strength training on MF muscle size in AFL players with or without current LBP.

Design: 
Cross-sectional study.

Setting: 
Professional AFL context.

Patients or Other Participants: 
Complete data were available for 242 players from 6 elite AFL clubs.

Intervention(s): 
Information related to the presence of LBP and history of injury was collected at the start of the preseason. At the end of the preseason, data were collected regarding performance of MF exercises as well as fitness and strength training. Ultrasound imaging of the MF muscle was conducted at the start and end of the preseason.

Main Outcome Measure(s): 
Size of the MF muscles.

Results: 
An interaction effect was found between performance of MF exercises and time (F = 13.89, P ≤ .001). Retention of MF muscle size was greatest in players who practiced the MF exercises during the preseason (F = 4.77, P = .03). Increased adherence to fitness and strength training was associated with retained MF muscle size over the preseason (F = 5.35, P = .02).

Conclusions: 
Increased adherence to a self-administered MF exercise program and to fitness and strength training was effective in maintaining the size of the MF muscle in the preseason.

KeywordsAustralian Football League; independent exercise; lumbar muscles; motor-control training; ultrasound imaging; kinesiotherapy
Year2017
JournalJournal of Athletic Training
Journal citation52 (7), pp. 649-655
PublisherNational Athletic Trainers Association, Inc
ISSN1062-6050
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-52.3.13
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85025098874
Open accessOpen access
Page range649-655
Research GroupMary MacKillop Institute for Health Research
Publisher's version
License
All rights reserved
File Access Level
Open
Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Online2017
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Hides, Julie Anne, Stanton, Warren Robert, Wilson, Stephen, Freke, Matt, McMahon, Shaun and Sims, K. (2010). Retraining motor control of abdominal muscles among elite cricketers with low back pain. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 20(6), pp. 834 - 842. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01019.x
The reliability and validity of the alcohol, smoking and substance involvement screening test (assist)
Hides, L., Cotton, Sue, Berger, G., Gleeson, John, O'Donnell, C., Proffitt, T., McGorry, Patrick and Lubman, Dan. (2009). The reliability and validity of the alcohol, smoking and substance involvement screening test (assist). Addictive Behaviors. 34(10), pp. 821 - 825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.03.040
Different ways to balance the spine: Subtle changes in sagittal spinal curves affect regional muscle activity
Claus, Andrew, Hides, Julie, Moseley, G. Lorimer and Hodges, Paul. (2009). Different ways to balance the spine: Subtle changes in sagittal spinal curves affect regional muscle activity. Spine. 34(6), pp. 208 - 214. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181908ead
The association between degenerative hip joint pathology and size of the gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata muscles
Grimaldi, Alison, Richardson, Carolyn, Durbridge, Gail, Donnelly, William, Darnell, Ross and Hides, Julie Anne. (2009). The association between degenerative hip joint pathology and size of the gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata muscles. Manual Therapy. 14(6), pp. 611 - 617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2008.11.002
The effect of chronic low back pain on size and contraction of the lumbar multifidus muscle
Wallwork, Tracy, Stanton, Warren, Freke, Matt and Hides, Julie. (2009). The effect of chronic low back pain on size and contraction of the lumbar multifidus muscle. Manual Therapy. 14(5), pp. 496 - 500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2008.09.006
Effect of prolonged bed rest on the anterior hip muscles
Mendis, Dilani, Hides, Julie, Wilson, Stephen, Grimaldi, Alison, Belavy, Daniel, Stanton, Warren, Felsenberg, Dieter, Rittweger, Jorn and Richardson, Carolyn A.. (2009). Effect of prolonged bed rest on the anterior hip muscles. Gait & Posture. 30(4), pp. 533 - 537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.08.002
The association between degenerative hip joint pathology and size of the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and piriformis muscles
Grimaldi, Alison, Richardson, Carolyn, Stanton, Warren Robert, Durbridge, Gail, Donnelly, William and Hides, Julie Anne. (2009). The association between degenerative hip joint pathology and size of the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and piriformis muscles. Manual Therapy. 14(6), pp. 605 - 610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2009.07.004
Altered response of the anterolateral abdominal muscles to stimulated weight-bearing in subjects with low back pain
Hides, Julie, Belavy, Daniel, Cassar, Lana, Willia, Michelle, Wilson, Stephen and Richardson, Carolyn A.. (2009). Altered response of the anterolateral abdominal muscles to stimulated weight-bearing in subjects with low back pain. European Spine Journal. 18(3), pp. 410 - 418. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-008-0827-2
Is 'ideal' sitting posture real?: Measurement of spinal curves in four sitting postures
Claus, Andrew, Hides, Julie, Moseley, G. Lorimer and Hodges, Paul. (2009). Is 'ideal' sitting posture real?: Measurement of spinal curves in four sitting postures. Manual Therapy. 14(4), pp. 404 - 408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2008.06.001
MRI study of the size, symmetry and function of the trunk muscles among elite cricketers with and without low back pain
Hides, Julie, Stanton, Warren, Freke, Matt, Wilson, Stephen, McMahon, Shaun and Richardson, Carolyn A.. (2008). MRI study of the size, symmetry and function of the trunk muscles among elite cricketers with and without low back pain. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 42(10), pp. 809 - 813. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2007.044024
Sitting versus standing: Does the intradiscal pressure cause disc degeneration or low back pain?
Claus, Andrew, Hides, Julie, Moseley, G. Lorimer and Hodges, Paul. (2008). Sitting versus standing: Does the intradiscal pressure cause disc degeneration or low back pain? Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. 18(4), pp. 550 - 558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2006.10.011
Resistive simulated weightbearing exercise with whole body vibration reduces lumbar spine deconditioning in bed-res
Belavy, Daniel, Hides, Julie, Wilson, Stephen, Stanton, Warren, Dimeo, Fernando, Rittweger, Jorn, Felsenberg, Dieter and Richardson, Carolyn A.. (2008). Resistive simulated weightbearing exercise with whole body vibration reduces lumbar spine deconditioning in bed-res. Spine. 33(5), pp. 121 - 131. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181657f98
Effect of stabilization training on multifidus muscle cross-sectional area among young elite cricketers with low back pain
Hides, Julie, Stanton, Warren, McMahon, Shaun, Si, K. and Richardson, Carolyn A.. (2008). Effect of stabilization training on multifidus muscle cross-sectional area among young elite cricketers with low back pain. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 38(3), pp. 101 - 108. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2008.2658
Multifidus size and symmetry among chronic IBP and healthy asymptomatic subjects
Hides, Julie, Gilmore, Craig, Stanton, Warren and Bohlscheid, Emma. (2008). Multifidus size and symmetry among chronic IBP and healthy asymptomatic subjects. Manual Therapy. 13(1), pp. 43 - 49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2006.07.017
Assessment of abdominal muscle function during a simulated unilateral weigh bearing task using ultrasound imaging
Hides, Julie, Wong, Ian, Wilson, Stephen, Belavy, Daniel and Richardson, Carolyn A.. (2007). Assessment of abdominal muscle function during a simulated unilateral weigh bearing task using ultrasound imaging. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 37(8), pp. 467 - 471. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2007.2417
Ultrasound imaging assessment of abdominal muscle function during drawing-in of the abdominal wall: an intrarater reliability study
Richardson, Carolyn A., Miokovic, Tanja, Belavy, Daniel, Stanton, Warren and Hides, Julie. (2007). Ultrasound imaging assessment of abdominal muscle function during drawing-in of the abdominal wall: an intrarater reliability study. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 37(8), pp. 480 - 486. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2007.2416
Rehabilitative ultrasound imaging of the posterior paraspinal muscles
Stokes, Maria, Hides, Julie, Elliott, James, Kiesel, Kyle and Hodges, Paul. (2007). Rehabilitative ultrasound imaging of the posterior paraspinal muscles. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 37(10), pp. 581 - 595. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2007.2599
The ability to predict dynamic foot posture from static measurements
Franettovich-Smith, M., McPoil, T. G., Russell, T., Skardoon, G and Vicenzino, Bill. (2007). The ability to predict dynamic foot posture from static measurements. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association. 97(2), pp. 115 - 120. https://doi.org/10.7547/0970115
Rehabilitative ultrasound imaging of the abdominal muscles
Teyhen, Deydre, Gill, Norman, Whitake, Jackie, Henry, Sharon, Hides, Julie and Hodges, Paul. (2007). Rehabilitative ultrasound imaging of the abdominal muscles. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 37(8), pp. 450 - 466. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2007.2558
Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of trunk muscles during prolonged bed rest
Hides, Julie, Belavy, Daniel, Stanton, Warren, Wilson, Stephen, Rittweger, Jorn, Felsenberg, Dieter and Richardson, Carolyn A.. (2007). Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of trunk muscles during prolonged bed rest. Spine. 32(15), pp. 1687 - 1692. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e318074c386
Intrarater and interrater reliability of assessment of lumbar multifidus thickness using rehabilitative ultrasound imaging
Wallwork, Tracy, Hides, Julie and Stanton, Warren. (2007). Intrarater and interrater reliability of assessment of lumbar multifidus thickness using rehabilitative ultrasound imaging. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 37(10), pp. 608 - 612. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2007.2418
A pilot study of the initial effects of anti-pronation taping on electromyographic activity of lower leg muscles during walking
Franettovich, M., Chapman, A. and Vicenzino, B.. (2006). A pilot study of the initial effects of anti-pronation taping on electromyographic activity of lower leg muscles during walking. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 9(1), pp. 33-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2006.12.078
An MRI investigation into the function of the transversus abdominis muscle during "drawing-in" of the abdominal wall
Hides, Julie, Wilson, Stephen, Stanton, Warren, McMahon, Shaun, Keto, Heidi, McMahon, Catherine, Bryant, Mary and Richardson, Carolyn A.. (2006). An MRI investigation into the function of the transversus abdominis muscle during "drawing-in" of the abdominal wall. Spine. 31(6), pp. 175 - 178. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000202740.86338.df
The use of real-time ultrasound imaging for biofeedback of lumbar multifidus muscle contraction in healthy subjects
Van, Khai, Hides, Julie and Richardson, Carolyn A.. (2006). The use of real-time ultrasound imaging for biofeedback of lumbar multifidus muscle contraction in healthy subjects. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 36(12), pp. 920 - 925. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2006.2304
Low back pain patients demonstrate increased hip extensor muscle activity during standardized submaximal rotational efforts
Pirouzi, Soraya, Hides, Julie, Richardson, Carolyn A., Darnell, Ross and Toppenberg, Rowena. (2006). Low back pain patients demonstrate increased hip extensor muscle activity during standardized submaximal rotational efforts. Spine. 31(26), pp. 999 - 1005. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000250076.74366.9d
Initial effects of anti-pronation tape on the medial longitudinal arch during walking and running
Vicenzino, Bill, Franettovich-Smith, M., McPoil, T. G., Russell, T and Skardoon, G. (2005). Initial effects of anti-pronation tape on the medial longitudinal arch during walking and running. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 39(12), pp. 939 - 943. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2005.019158
MRI measures of the lumbo-pelvic muscles in bedrest and follow-up: Implications for exercise countermeasures in microgravity.
Richardson, Carolyn A., Hides, Julie, Wilson, Stephen, Belavy, Daniel, Stanton, Warren, McCook, D, Elmann-Larsen, B, Rittweger, Jorn and Felsenberg, Dieter. (2005). MRI measures of the lumbo-pelvic muscles in bedrest and follow-up: Implications for exercise countermeasures in microgravity. Journal of Gravitational Physiology. 12(1), pp. 117 - 118.
Long-term overactivity in the abdominal oblique muscle after 8 weeks bed-rest - possible implications for musculoskeletal health
Belavy, Daniel, Richardson, Carolyn A., Wilson, Stephen, Darnell, Ross, Hides, Julie, Toppenberg, Rowena, Elmann-Larsen, B, Rittweger, Jorn and Felsenberg, Dieter. (2005). Long-term overactivity in the abdominal oblique muscle after 8 weeks bed-rest - possible implications for musculoskeletal health. Journal of Gravitational Physiology. 12(1), pp. 117 - 118.