Bridging the gap in heart failure prevention: Rationale and design of the Nurse-led intervention for Less Chronic Heart Failure (NiL-CHF) Study

Aims

The primary objective of the Nurse-led Intervention for Less Chronic Heart Failure (NIL-CHF) Study is to develop a programme of care that cost-effectively prevents the development of chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods

NIL-CHF is a randomized controlled trial of a hybrid, home- and clinic-based, nurse-led multidisciplinary intervention targeting hospitalized patients at risk of developing CHF. A target of 750 patients aged ≥45 years will be exposed to usual post-discharge care or the NIL-CHF intervention. The composite primary endpoint is all-cause mortality or CHF-related admission during 3–5 years of follow-up. After 12 months recruitment, ∼300 eligible patients (40% of target) have been randomized. Overall, 73% are male and the mean age is 65 ± 10 years. The most common antecedents for CHF thus far are hypertension (70%, 95% CI, 64–75%), coronary artery disease (51%, 95% CI, 31–41%), and type 2 diabetes (26%, 95% CI, 21–31%), whereas 76% (95% CI, 69–82%) of patients have diastolic dysfunction, 29% (95% CI, 23–36%) left ventricular hypertrophy, 71% (95% CI, 64–78%) mitral valve dysfunction, and 7% (95% CI, 4–12%) have a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤45%. Conclusion

As one of the largest randomized studies of its kind, NIL-CHF will ultimately provide important insights into the potential to prevent CHF via prolonged and intensive disease management.