Effects of age and contextualized material on working memory span performance

Journal article

Zeintl, Melanie and Kliegel, Matthias. (2009). Effects of age and contextualized material on working memory span performance. European Journal of Ageing. 6(3), pp. 237 - 245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-009-0118-8
AuthorsZeintl, Melanie and Kliegel, Matthias
Abstract

The present research explores the effects of contextualized material on age-related working memory performance. Two experiments examining younger and older adults are reported. ANOVA results of the first experiment showed age effects in both a standard operation span and a contextual task of parallel structure (air travel task). The second experiment also revealed a significant age effect in a standard operation span task. However, there was no age difference in a contextual task providing additional visual context (rail travel task), mainly due to older adults being unaffected by task type manipulation and younger adults performing worse in the contextual than in the standard task. The present research suggests that contextual task material may not necessarily lead to improved working memory performance in older adults. Several methodological and conceptual conclusions for future research are discussed.

Keywordsworking memory; age effects; context effects; operation span
Year2009
JournalEuropean Journal of Ageing
Journal citation6 (3), pp. 237 - 245
PublisherSpringer
ISSN1613-9372
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-009-0118-8
Page range237 - 245
Place of publicationGermany
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The age-prospective memory-paradox: An exploration of possible mechanisms
Schnitzspahn, K. M., Ihle, A., Henry, J., Rendell, Peter G. and Kliegel, M.. (2011). The age-prospective memory-paradox: An exploration of possible mechanisms. International Psychogeriatrics (print version). 23(4), pp. 583 - 592. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610210001651
The factorial structure and external validity of the prospective and retrospective memory questionnaire in older adults
Zimprich, D, Kliegel, Matthias and Rast, P. (2011). The factorial structure and external validity of the prospective and retrospective memory questionnaire in older adults. European Journal of Ageing. 8(1), pp. 39 - 48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-011-0174-8
The influence of emotional target cues on prospective memory performance in depression
Altgassen, Mareike, Henry, Julie, Burgler, S and Kliegel, Matthias. (2011). The influence of emotional target cues on prospective memory performance in depression. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. 33(8), pp. 910 - 916. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2011.574607
Time-based prospective memory in schoolchildren :The role of self-initiation and strategic time monitoring
Voigt, Babett, Aberle, I, Schonfeld, J and Kliegel, Matthias. (2011). Time-based prospective memory in schoolchildren :The role of self-initiation and strategic time monitoring. Zeitschrift fur Psychologie / Journal of Psychology. 219(2), pp. 92 - 99. https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000053
Age and individual differences in prospective memory during a "Virtual Week" : The roles of working memory, vigilance, task regularity and cue focality
Rose, Nathan S., Rendell, Peter G., McDaniel, Mark A., Aberle, Ingo and Kliegel, Matthias. (2010). Age and individual differences in prospective memory during a "Virtual Week" : The roles of working memory, vigilance, task regularity and cue focality. Psychology and Aging. 25(2), pp. 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019771
Time-based prospective memory performance in young children
Aberle, Ingo and Kliegel, Matthias. (2010). Time-based prospective memory performance in young children. European Journal of Developmental Psychology. 7(4), pp. 419 - 431. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405620802507707
Dismantling the age-prospective memory paradox: The classic laboratory paradigm simulated in a naturalistic setting
Bailey, Phoebe, Henry, Julie, Rendell, Peter, Phillips, Louise H. and Kliegel, Matthias. (2010). Dismantling the age-prospective memory paradox: The classic laboratory paradigm simulated in a naturalistic setting. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. 63(4), pp. 646 - 652. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470210903521797
Forming intentions successfully : Differential compensational mechanisms of adolescents and old adults
Zollig, J, Martin, Mike and Kliegel, Matthias. (2010). Forming intentions successfully : Differential compensational mechanisms of adolescents and old adults. Cortex. 46(4), pp. 575 - 589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2009.09.010
Time-based prospective memory performance in young children
Aberle, Ingo and Kliegel, Matthias. (2010). Time-based prospective memory performance in young children. European Journal of Developmental Psychology. 7(4), pp. 419 - 431. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405620802507707
Large-scale application of a telephone-based test of cognitive functioning in older adults
Breitling, L, Wolf, M, Muller, H, Raum, E, Kliegel, Matthias and Brenner, H. (2010). Large-scale application of a telephone-based test of cognitive functioning in older adults. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. 30(4), pp. 309 - 316. https://doi.org/10.1159/000319896
Associative recognition memory for faces : More pronounced age-related impairments in binding intracan inter-item associations
Jager, T, Mecklinger, A and Kliegel, Matthias. (2010). Associative recognition memory for faces : More pronounced age-related impairments in binding intracan inter-item associations. Experimental Aging Research. 36(2), pp. 123 - 139. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610731003613391
Effect of motivational incentives on prospective memory performance in preschoolers
Kliegel, Matthias, Brandenberger, Miriam and Aberle, Ingo. (2010). Effect of motivational incentives on prospective memory performance in preschoolers. European Journal of Developmental Psychology. 7(2), pp. 223 - 232. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405620802025643
Visuospatial short-term memory explains deficits in tower task planning in high-functioning children with autism spectrum disorder
Zinke, K, Fries, E, Altgassen, Mareike, Kirschbaum, C, Dettenborn, L and Kliegel, Matthias. (2010). Visuospatial short-term memory explains deficits in tower task planning in high-functioning children with autism spectrum disorder. Child Neuropsychology. 16(3), pp. 229 - 241. https://doi.org/10.1080/09297040903559648
Effect of motivational incentives on prospective memory performance in preschoolers
Kliegel, Matthias, Brandenberger, Miriam and Aberle, Ingo. (2010). Effect of motivational incentives on prospective memory performance in preschoolers. European Journal of Developmental Psychology. 7(2), pp. 223 - 232. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405620802025643
The age prospective memory paradox : Young adults may not give their best outside of the lab
Aberle, Ingo, Rendell, Peter G., Rose, Nathan S., McDaniel, Mark A. and Kliegel, Matthias. (2010). The age prospective memory paradox : Young adults may not give their best outside of the lab. Developmental Psychology. 46(6), pp. 1444-1453. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020718
Time-based prospective memory performance and time-monitoring in children with ADHD
Zinke, K, Altgassen, Mareike, Mackinlay, R, Rizzo, P, Drechsler, R and Kliegel, Matthias. (2010). Time-based prospective memory performance and time-monitoring in children with ADHD. Child Neuropsychology. 16(4), pp. 338 - 349. https://doi.org/10.1080/09297041003631451
Emotional target cues eliminate age differences in prospective memory
Altgassen, Mareike, Phillips, Louise H., Henry, Julie, Rendell, Peter and Kliegel, Matthias. (2010). Emotional target cues eliminate age differences in prospective memory. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. 63(6), pp. 1057 - 1064. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470211003770920
Proactive and coactive interference in age-related performance in a recognition-based operation span task
Zeintl, M and Kliegel, Matthias. (2010). Proactive and coactive interference in age-related performance in a recognition-based operation span task. Gerontology. 56(4), pp. 421 - 429. https://doi.org/10.1159/000237875
Are older adults more social than Younger Adults? : Social importance increases older Adults' prospective memory performance
Altgassen, Mareike, Kliegel, Matthias, Brandimonte, M and Filippello, P. (2010). Are older adults more social than Younger Adults? : Social importance increases older Adults' prospective memory performance. Neuropsychology, Development and Cognition. Section B: Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition: a journal on normal and dysfunctional development. 17(3), pp. 312 - 328. https://doi.org/10.1080/13825580903281308
Components of executive functioning in metamemory
Mantyla, T, Ronnlund, M and Kliegel, Matthias. (2010). Components of executive functioning in metamemory. Applied Neuropsychology. 17(4), pp. 289 - 298. https://doi.org/10.1080/09084282.2010.525090
Prospective memory in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and their healthy siblings
Wandschneider, B, Kopp, U, Kliegel, Matthias, Stephani, U, Kurlemann, G, Janz, D and Schmitz, B. (2010). Prospective memory in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and their healthy siblings. Neurology. 75(24), pp. 2161 - 2167. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e318202010a
Children with high-functioning autism show a normal cortisol awakening response (CAR)
Zinke, K, Fries, E, Kliegel, Matthias, Kirschbaum, C and Dettenborn, L. (2010). Children with high-functioning autism show a normal cortisol awakening response (CAR). Psychoneuroendocrinology. 35(10), pp. 1578 - 1582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.03.009
The transience and nature of cognitive impairments in transient global amnesia: A meta-analysis
Jager, Theodor, Bazner, Hansjorg, Kliegel, Matthias, Szabo, Kristina and Hennerici, Michael G.. (2009). The transience and nature of cognitive impairments in transient global amnesia: A meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. 31(1), pp. 8 - 19. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803390801955193
Effect of delay on children's delay-execute prospective memory performance
Rendell, Peter Gregory, Vella, Melissa J., Kliegel, Matthias and Terrett, Gillian. (2009). Effect of delay on children's delay-execute prospective memory performance. Cognitive Development. 24(2), pp. 156 - 168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2008.12.002
Go no-go performance under psychosocial stress: Beneficial effects of implementation intentions
Scholz, Urte, La Marca, Roberto, Nater, Urs M., Aberle, Ongo, Ehlert, Ulrike, Hornung, Rainer, Martin, Mike and Kliegel, Matthias. (2009). Go no-go performance under psychosocial stress: Beneficial effects of implementation intentions. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory. 91(1), pp. 89 - 92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2008.09.002
Event-based prospective memory in depression: The impact of cue focality
Altgassen, Mareike, Kliegel, Matthias and Martin, Mike. (2009). Event-based prospective memory in depression: The impact of cue focality. Cognition and Emotion. 23(6), pp. 1041 - 1055. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930802284158
Die kognitive Leistungsfahigkeit im mittleren und hoheren Erwachsenenalter aus Sicht der Entwicklungspsychologie
Jager, Theodr and Kliegel, Matthias. (2009). Die kognitive Leistungsfahigkeit im mittleren und hoheren Erwachsenenalter aus Sicht der Entwicklungspsychologie. In In A. Dehmel, H. Kremer and N. Schaper & P.F.E. Sloane (Ed.). Bildungsperspektiven in alternden Gesellschaften pp. 31 - 53 Peter Lang Publishing.
The role of dual-task and task-switch in prospective memory: Behavioural data and neural correlates
Bisiacchi, Patrizia S., Schiff, Sami, Ciccola, Alessia and Kliegel, Matthias. (2009). The role of dual-task and task-switch in prospective memory: Behavioural data and neural correlates. Neuropsychologia. 47(5), pp. 1362 - 1373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.01.034
Time-based prospective memory in children with autism spectrum disorder
Altgassen, Mareike, Williams, Tim I., Bolte, Sven and Kliegel, Matthias. (2009). Time-based prospective memory in children with autism spectrum disorder. Brain Impairment. 10(1), pp. 52 - 58. https://doi.org/10.1375/brim.10.1.52
Repetition errors in habitual prospective memory: Elimination of age differences via complex actions or appropriate resource allocation
McDaniel, Mark A., Bugg, Julie M., Ramuschkat, Grit M., Kliegel, Matthias and Einstein, Gilles O.. (2009). Repetition errors in habitual prospective memory: Elimination of age differences via complex actions or appropriate resource allocation. Neuropsychology, Development and Cognition. Section B: Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition: a journal on normal and dysfunctional development. 16(5), pp. 563 - 588. https://doi.org/10.1080/13825580902866646
Predictors of time-based prospective memory in children
Mackinlay, Rachael J., Kliegel, Matthias and Mantyla, Timo. (2009). Predictors of time-based prospective memory in children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. 102(3), pp. 251 - 264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2008.08.006
Changes in self-regulatory cognitions as predictors of changes in smoking and nutrition behaviour
Scholz, Urte, Nagy, Gabriel, Gohner, Wiebke, Luszczynska, Aleksandra and Kliegel, Matthias. (2009). Changes in self-regulatory cognitions as predictors of changes in smoking and nutrition behaviour. Psychology and Health. 24(5), pp. 545 - 561. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870440801902519
Psychological aspects in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion: A retrospective study
Aberle, Ingo, Scholz, Urte, Bach-Kliegel, Birgit, Fischer, Christine, Gorny, Martin, Langer, Karin and Kliegel, Matthias. (2009). Psychological aspects in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion: A retrospective study. The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and applied. 143(2), pp. 147 - 160. https://doi.org/10.3200/JRLP.143.2.147-160
Age effects in prospective memory performance within older adults: The paradoxical impact of implementation intentions
Schnitzspahn, Katharina Marlene and Kliegel, Matthias. (2009). Age effects in prospective memory performance within older adults: The paradoxical impact of implementation intentions. European Journal of Ageing. 6(2), pp. 147 - 155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-009-0116-x
Differential effects of age on involuntary and voluntary autobiographical memory
Schlagman, Simone, Kliegel, Matthias, Schulz, Jorg and Kvavilashvili, Lia. (2009). Differential effects of age on involuntary and voluntary autobiographical memory. Psychology and Aging. 24(2), pp. 397 - 411. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015785
Development of the Saxon Health Target "active aging - Aging in health, autonomy, and participation" [Entwicklung des Sachsischen Gesundheitsziels "Aktives Altern - Altern in Gesundheit, Autonomie und Mitverantwortlichkeit"]
Brockow, Thomas, Schulze, Jana, Furst, F., Sawatzki, R., Wegge, Jurgen, Kliegel, Matthias, Zwingenberger, W., Thonges, B., Eberhard, C. and Resch, Karl-Ludwig. (2009). Development of the Saxon Health Target "active aging - Aging in health, autonomy, and participation" [Entwicklung des Sachsischen Gesundheitsziels "Aktives Altern - Altern in Gesundheit, Autonomie und Mitverantwortlichkeit"]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz. 52(7), pp. 775 - 788. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-009-0878-5
Prospective and retrospective memory complaints in mild cognitive impairment and mild alzheimer's disease
Eschen, Anne, Martin, Mike, Gasser, Ursula Schreiter and Kliegel, Matthias. (2009). Prospective and retrospective memory complaints in mild cognitive impairment and mild alzheimer's disease. Brain Impairment. 10(1), pp. 59 - 75. https://doi.org/10.1375/brim.10.1.59
The added value of an applied perspective in cognitive gerontology
Kliegel, Matthias, Rendell, Peter Gregory and Altgassen, Mareike. (2008). The added value of an applied perspective in cognitive gerontology. In In S. M. Hofer and D. F. Alwin (Ed.). Handbook of cognitive aging: Interdisciplinary perspectives pp. 587 - 602 SAGE Publications.
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion leads to immediate, stable and long-term changes in metabolic control
Aberle, I., Zimprich, D., Bach-Kliegel, B., Fischer, C., Gorny, M., Kliegel, A., Langer, K. and Kliegel, Matthias. (2008). Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion leads to immediate, stable and long-term changes in metabolic control. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism: a journal of pharmacology and therapeutics. 10(4), pp. 329 - 335. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-1326.2007.00707.x
Age differences and changes of coping behavior in three age groups: Findings from the Georgia Centenarian Study
Martin, Peter, Kliegel, Matthias, Rott, Christoph, Poon, Leonard W. and Johnson, Mary Ann Nn. (2008). Age differences and changes of coping behavior in three age groups: Findings from the Georgia Centenarian Study. International Journal of Aging and Human Development. 66(2), pp. 97 - 114. https://doi.org/10.2190/AG.66.2.a
Time-based and event-based prospective memory across adulthood: Underlying mechanisms and differential costs on the ongoing task
Jager, Theodor and Kliegel, Matthias. (2008). Time-based and event-based prospective memory across adulthood: Underlying mechanisms and differential costs on the ongoing task. Journal of General Psychology: Experimental, physiological, and comparative psychology. 135(1), pp. 4 - 22. https://doi.org/10.3200/GENP.135.1.4-22
Prospective memory in schizophrenia: The impact of varying retrospective-memory load
Altgassen, Mareike, Kliegel, Matthias, Rendell, Peter, Henry, Julie and Zöllig, Jacqueline. (2008). Prospective memory in schizophrenia: The impact of varying retrospective-memory load. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. 30(7), pp. 777 - 788. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803390701779552
Prospective memory performance in preschoolers: Inhibitory control matters
Wang, Lijuan, Kliegel, Matthias, Liu, Wei and Yang, Zhiliang. (2008). Prospective memory performance in preschoolers: Inhibitory control matters. European Journal of Developmental Psychology. 5(3), pp. 289 - 302. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405620600778161
Die kognfitive leistungsfahigkeit im mittleren und hoheren erwachsenenalter aus sicht der entwicklungpsychologie
Kliegel, Matthias and Jager, T. (2008). Die kognfitive leistungsfahigkeit im mittleren und hoheren erwachsenenalter aus sicht der entwicklungpsychologie. In In H. Gembris (Ed.). Musik im Alter - Soziokulturelle Rahmenbedingungen und individuelle Moglichkeiten pp. 91 - 23 Peter Lang Publishing.
A life span approach to the development of complex prospective memory
Kliegel, Matthias, Mackinlay, Rachael J. and Jager, Theodor. (2008). A life span approach to the development of complex prospective memory. In In M. Kliegel, M.A. McDaniel and G.O. Einstein (Ed.). Prospective memory: Cognitive, neuroscience, developmental, and applied perspectives pp. 187 - 216 Lawrence Erlbaum Associates inc..
Adult age differences in event-based prospective memory: A meta-analysis on the role of focal versus nonfocal cues
Griego, Jacqueline A. and Kliegel, Matthias. (2008). Adult age differences in event-based prospective memory: A meta-analysis on the role of focal versus nonfocal cues. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition. 15(1), pp. 1 - 30. https://doi.org/10.1080/13825580701442805
Complex prospective memory: Development across the lifespan and the role of task interruption
Kliegel, Matthias, Mackinlay, Rachael J. and Jager, Theodor. (2008). Complex prospective memory: Development across the lifespan and the role of task interruption. Developmental Psychology. 44(2), pp. 612 - 617. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.44.2.612
Clinical neuropsychology of prospective memory
Kliegel, Matthias, Jager, Theodor, Altgassen, Mareike and Shum, David. (2008). Clinical neuropsychology of prospective memory. In In M. Kliegel, M.A. McDaniel and G.O. Einstein (Ed.). Prospective memory: Cognitive, neuroscience, developmental, and applied perspectives pp. 283 - 308 Lawrence Erlbaum Associates inc..
Cognitive development in young-old type-2 diabetes patients: A longitudinal analysis from the "interdisciplinary Longitudinal study of aging"
Aberle, Ingo, Kliegel, Matthias and Zimprich, Daniel. (2008). Cognitive development in young-old type-2 diabetes patients: A longitudinal analysis from the "interdisciplinary Longitudinal study of aging". Current Psychology: A journal for diverse perspectives on diverse psychological issues. 27(1), pp. 6 - 15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-008-9020-3
Adult age differences in event-based prospective memory: A meta-analysis on the role of focal versus nonfocal cues
Kliegel, Matthias, Jager, Theodor and Phillips, Louise H.. (2008). Adult age differences in event-based prospective memory: A meta-analysis on the role of focal versus nonfocal cues. Psychology and Aging. 23(1), pp. 203 - 208. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.23.1.203
Cognitive abilities in old age: Results from the Zurich longitudinal study on cognitive aging
Zimprich, Daniel, Martin, Mike, Kliegel, Matthias, Dellenbach, Myriam, Rast, Philippe and Zeintl, Melanie. (2008). Cognitive abilities in old age: Results from the Zurich longitudinal study on cognitive aging. Schweizerische Zeitschrift fuer Psychologie. 67(3), pp. 177 - 195. https://doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185.67.3.177
Prospective memory in schizophrenia: Primary or secondary impairment?
Henry, Julie, Rendell, Peter, Kliegel, Matthias and Altgassen, Mareike. (2007). Prospective memory in schizophrenia: Primary or secondary impairment? Schizophrenia Research. 95(March), pp. 179 - 185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2007.06.003