Validating a forced‑choice method for eliciting quality‑of‑reasoning judgments

Journal article


Marcoci, Alexandru, Stelmach, Margaret E., Rowe, Luke, Barnett, Ashley, Primoratz, Tamar, Kruger, Ariel, Karvetski, Christopher W., Stone, Benjamin, Diamond, Michael L., Saletta, Morgan, van Gelder, Tim, Tetlock, Philip E. and Dennis, Simon. (2023). Validating a forced‑choice method for eliciting quality‑of‑reasoning judgments. Behavior Research Methods. pp. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-023-02234-x
AuthorsMarcoci, Alexandru, Stelmach, Margaret E., Rowe, Luke, Barnett, Ashley, Primoratz, Tamar, Kruger, Ariel, Karvetski, Christopher W., Stone, Benjamin, Diamond, Michael L., Saletta, Morgan, van Gelder, Tim, Tetlock, Philip E. and Dennis, Simon
Abstract

In this paper we investigate the criterion validity of forced-choice comparisons of the quality of written arguments with normative solutions. Across two studies, novices and experts assessing quality of reasoning through a forced-choice design were both able to choose arguments supporting more accurate solutions—62.2% (SE = 1%) of the time for novices and 74.4% (SE = 1%) for experts—and arguments produced by larger teams—up to 82% of the time for novices and 85% for experts—with high inter-rater reliability, namely 70.58% (95% CI = 1.18) agreement for novices and 80.98% (95% CI = 2.26) for experts. We also explored two methods for increasing efficiency. We found that the number of comparative judgments needed could be substantially reduced with little accuracy loss by leveraging transitivity and producing quality-of-reasoning assessments using an AVL tree method. Moreover, a regression model trained to predict scores based on automatically derived linguistic features of participants’ judgments achieved a high correlation with the objective accuracy scores of the arguments in our dataset. Despite the inherent subjectivity involved in evaluating differing quality of reasoning, the forced-choice paradigm allows even novice raters to perform beyond chance and can provide a valid, reliable, and efficient method for producing quality-of-reasoning assessments at scale.

Keywordsreasoning; quality of reasoning; comparative judgment; forced choice; automatic reasoning assessment
Year2023
JournalBehavior Research Methods
Journal citationpp. 1-16
PublisherSpringer
ISSN0743-3808
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-023-02234-x
PubMed ID37833511
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85174061724
Open accessPublished as ‘gold’ (paid) open access
Page range1-16
FunderOffice of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), United States of America
Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), United States of America
The British Academy
The Leverhulme Trust
Publisher's version
License
File Access Level
Open
Output statusIn press
Publication dates
Online13 Oct 2023
Publication process dates
Accepted02 Sep 2023
Deposited27 Nov 2023
Grant ID16122000002
SRG2223\231699
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