Hans J. Eysenck and Raymond B. Cattell on intelligence and personality
Journal article
Boyle, Gregory J., Stankov, Lazar, Martin, Nicholas G., Petrides, K. V., Eysenck, Michael W. and Ortet, Generos. (2016). Hans J. Eysenck and Raymond B. Cattell on intelligence and personality. Personality and Individual Differences. 103, pp. 40 - 47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.029
Authors | Boyle, Gregory J., Stankov, Lazar, Martin, Nicholas G., Petrides, K. V., Eysenck, Michael W. and Ortet, Generos |
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Abstract | The two most prominent individual differences researchers of the twentieth century were Hans J. Eysenck and Raymond B. Cattell. Both were giants of scientific psychology, each publishing scores of books and hundreds of empirical peer-reviewed journal articles. Influenced by Hebb's distinction between physiological (Intelligence A) and experiential (Intelligence B), Eysenck focused on discovering the underlying biological substrata of intelligence. Analogously, Cattell proposed the Gf–Gc theory which distinguishes between fluid and crystallised intelligence. Cattell's Culture Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT), a measure primarily of fluid intelligence, was constructed specifically to minimise differences in test bias in IQ scores between different ethnic/racial groups. Within the personality realm, Eysenck adopted a pragmatic three-factor model as measured via the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R) and its variants. In contrast, Cattell employed a lexical approach that resulted in a large number of primary and secondary normal and abnormal personality trait dimensions, measured via the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF), and the corresponding Clinical Analysis Questionnaire (CAQ), respectively. Recent molecular genetics findings provide empirical confirmation of Eysenck and Cattell's positions on the biological underpinnings of personality and ability traits, allowing an improved understanding of the causes of individual differences. |
Keywords | individual differences; personality; cognitive abilities; Gf–Gc theory; culture fair intelligence test; PEN model; EPQ-R; 16PF |
Year | 2016 |
Journal | Personality and Individual Differences |
Journal citation | 103, pp. 40 - 47 |
Publisher | Pergamon Press |
ISSN | 0191-8869 |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.029 |
Scopus EID | 2-s2.0-84989888374 |
Page range | 40 - 47 |
Research Group | Institute for Positive Psychology and Education |
Publisher's version | File Access Level Controlled |
Place of publication | United Kingdom |
https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/item/85824/hans-j-eysenck-and-raymond-b-cattell-on-intelligence-and-personality
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