Sex Differences in Bone Health Among Indian Older Adults with Obesity, Sarcopenia, and Sarcopenic Obesity

Journal article


Gandham, Anoohya, Scott, David, Bonham, Maxine, Kulkarni, Bharati, Kinra, Sanjay, Ebeling, Peter and Zengin, Ayse. (2022). Sex Differences in Bone Health Among Indian Older Adults with Obesity, Sarcopenia, and Sarcopenic Obesity. Calcified Tissue International. 111(2), pp. 152-161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-022-00981-1
AuthorsGandham, Anoohya, Scott, David, Bonham, Maxine, Kulkarni, Bharati, Kinra, Sanjay, Ebeling, Peter and Zengin, Ayse
Abstract

Age-related changes in fat and lean mass contribute to bone health, but these associations may be influenced by sex and ethnicity. This study investigated sex-specific associations of obesity and sarcopenia with bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) among Indian older adults. 1057 adults aged ≥ 50 years were included. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measured BMD at the hip, spine and whole-body, and BMAD was calculated as BMD/√bone area. Obesity was defined by body fat percentage (cut points; > 25% for men and > 35% for women), and sarcopenia was defined using the revised Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia classification with low hand grip strength (< 28 kg for men and < 18 kg for women) and appendicular lean mass index (< 7.0 kg/m2 for men and < 5.4 kg/m2 for women). Participants were classified into four groups: controls (no obesity or sarcopenia), obesity, sarcopenia, or sarcopenic obesity. Linear regression (β-coefficients and 95%CI) analyses were performed with adjustments for age, smoking status, protein intake, and socioeconomic status. Prevalence of sarcopenia (37%) and sarcopenic obesity (6%) were higher in men than women (17% and 4%, respectively). Compared with controls, men with obesity had lower whole-body BMD and BMAD, but women with obesity had higher hip and spine BMD and BMAD (all p < 0.05). Men, but not women, with sarcopenic obesity, had lower hip and whole-body BMD and BMAD (all p < 0.05) than controls. Men with sarcopenia had lower BMD and BMAD at the hip only, whereas women had lower BMD at all three sites and had lower BMAD at the hip and spine (all p < 0.05), compared with controls. Obesity, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity have sex-specific associations with BMD and BMAD in Indian older adults. With the aging population in India, it is important to understand how body composition contributes to poor bone health among older adults.

KeywordsBone; Obesity; Older adults; Sarcopenia
Year01 Jan 2022
JournalCalcified Tissue International
Journal citation111 (2), pp. 152-161
PublisherSpringer New York LLC
ISSN0171-967X
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-022-00981-1
PubMed ID35507092
PubMed Central IDPMC9300534
Web address (URL)https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00223-022-00981-1
Open accessPublished as ‘gold’ (paid) open access
Research or scholarlyResearch
Page range152-161
Publisher's version
License
File Access Level
Open
Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Print04 May 2022
Publication process dates
Accepted06 Apr 2022
Deposited05 Jan 2023
Additional information

© 2022. The Author(s). This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Place of publicationUnited States
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