Stable isotope approaches to study muscle mass outcomes in clinical populations

Journal article


Chapple, Lee-Anne S., Dirks, Marlou L. and Kouw, Imre W. K.. (2021). Stable isotope approaches to study muscle mass outcomes in clinical populations. Clinical Nutrition Open Science. 36, pp. 98-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutos.2021.01.004
AuthorsChapple, Lee-Anne S., Dirks, Marlou L. and Kouw, Imre W. K.
Abstract

Both low muscle mass and muscle loss are associated with reduced physical function, mobility, independence, and quality of life, and are characteristic of a number of clinical conditions including diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and critical illness. The accurate measurement of muscle mass is critical to assess the efficacy of an intervention or therapy. Stable isotope amino acid approaches can be used to quantify specific aspects of whole-body and muscle protein turnover, including synthesis and breakdown, which play distinctive roles in muscle mass maintenance in direct response to therapies. This review aims to elucidate whether acute responses measured using stable isotope amino acid tracers relate to changes in muscle mass in vulnerable clinical populations. Experimental studies quantifying whole-body protein synthesis and breakdown rates in clinical populations have been conducted to determine the response to nutritional interventions or to compare disease with health; however, these studies show limited potential to translate to expected muscle mass outcomes. In addition, clinical studies that have assessed both muscle mass and acute changes in whole-body or muscle protein turnover are lacking. We argue that the assessment of both muscle protein synthesis and breakdown rates, or simply limb net balance, obtains the most complete picture in relation to muscle-specific outcomes. While stable isotope amino acid tracer experiments provide meaningful mechanistic insight into the acute response to clinical interventions, they should be combined with, and/or followed-up by, longer-term studies incorporating measurements of muscle mass to ascertain the impact of an intervention on muscle mass maintenance in clinical populations.

Keywordsstable isotope tracers; amino acid; protein metabolism; muscle mass
Year2021
JournalClinical Nutrition Open Science
Journal citation36, pp. 98-108
PublisherElsevier Ltd
ISSN2667-2685
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutos.2021.01.004
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85102819695
Open accessPublished as ‘gold’ (paid) open access
Research or scholarlyResearch
Page range98-108
Publisher's version
License
File Access Level
Open
Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Online01 Mar 2021
Publication process dates
Accepted19 Jan 2021
Deposited14 Mar 2022
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