Mediation of cognitive function improvements by strength gains after resistance training in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: Outcomes of the study of mental and resistance training

Journal article

Mavros, Yorgi, Gates, Nicola, Wilson, Guy C., Jain, Nidhi, Meiklejohn, Jacinda, Brodaty, Henry, Wen, Wei, Singh, Nalin, Baune, Bernhard T., Suo, Chao, Baker, Michael K., Foroughi, Nasim, Wang, Yi, Sachdev, Peminder S., Valenzuela, Michael and Fiatarone Singh, Maria A.. (2017). Mediation of cognitive function improvements by strength gains after resistance training in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: Outcomes of the study of mental and resistance training. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 65(5), pp. 550 - 559. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.14542
AuthorsMavros, Yorgi, Gates, Nicola, Wilson, Guy C., Jain, Nidhi, Meiklejohn, Jacinda, Brodaty, Henry, Wen, Wei, Singh, Nalin, Baune, Bernhard T., Suo, Chao, Baker, Michael K., Foroughi, Nasim, Wang, Yi, Sachdev, Peminder S., Valenzuela, Michael and Fiatarone Singh, Maria A.
Abstract

Objectives: To determine whether improvements in aerobic capacity (VO2peak) and strength after progressive resistance training (PRT) mediate improvements in cognitive function. Design: Randomized, double‐blind, double‐sham, controlled trial. Setting: University research facility. Participants: Community‐dwelling older adults (aged ≥55) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (N = 100). Intervention: PRT and cognitive training (CT), 2 to 3 days per week for 6 months. Measurements: Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–cognitive subscale (ADAS‐Cog); global, executive, and memory domains; peak strength (1 repetition maximum); and VO2peak. Results: PRT increased upper (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.69, 95% confidence interval = 0.47, 0.91), lower (SMD = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.69–1.20) and whole‐body (SMD = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.62–1.05) strength and percentage change in VO2peak (8.0%, 95% CI = 2.2–13.8) significantly more than sham exercise. Higher strength scores, but not greater VO2peak, were significantly associated with improvements in cognition (P < .05). Greater lower body strength significantly mediated the effect of PRT on ADAS‐Cog improvements (indirect effect: β = −0.64, 95% CI = −1.38 to −0.004; direct effect: β = −0.37, 95% CI = −1.51–0.78) and global domain (indirect effect: β = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.02–0.22; direct effect: β = −0.003, 95% CI = −0.17–0.16) but not for executive domain (indirect effect: β = 0.11, 95% CI = −0.04–0.26; direct effect: β = 0.03, 95% CI = −0.17–0.23). Conclusion: High‐intensity PRT results in significant improvements in cognitive function, muscle strength, and aerobic capacity in older adults with MCI. Strength gains, but not aerobic capacity changes, mediate the cognitive benefits of PRT. Future investigations are warranted to determine the physiological mechanisms linking strength gains and cognitive benefits.

Keywordsexercise; cognition; resistance training; dementia
Year2017
JournalJournal of the American Geriatrics Society
Journal citation65 (5), pp. 550 - 559
PublisherWiley-Blackwell
ISSN0002-8614
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.14542
Scopus EID2-s2.0-84997824431
Page range550 - 559
Research GroupSports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre
Publisher's version
File Access Level
Controlled
Grant IDNHMRC/512672
NHMRC/568969
Place of publicationUnited States of America
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Multi-modal exercise programs for older adults
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Efficacy and feasibility of a novel tri-modal robust exercise prescription in a retirement community : A randomized, controlled trial
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Degenerative meniscus tears and mobility impairment in women with knee osteoarthritis
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Effect of high-fat meals and fatty acid saturation on postprandial levels of the hormones ghrelin and leptin in healthy men
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