Therapeutically relevant structural and functional mechanisms triggered by physical and cognitive exercise

Journal article


Suo, Chao, Singh, Maria Fiatarone, Gates, Nicola J., Wen, Wei, Sachdev, Perminder, Brodaty, Henry, Saigal, Nidhi, Wilson, Guy C., Meiklejohn, Jacinda, Singh, Nalin, Baune, Bernhard T., Baker, Michael Kevin, Foroughi, Nasim, Wang, Yi, Mavros, Yorgi, Lampit, Amit, Leung, Isabella and Valenzuela, Michael J.. (2016). Therapeutically relevant structural and functional mechanisms triggered by physical and cognitive exercise. Molecular Psychiatry. 21(11), pp. 1633 - 1642. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2016.19
AuthorsSuo, Chao, Singh, Maria Fiatarone, Gates, Nicola J., Wen, Wei, Sachdev, Perminder, Brodaty, Henry, Saigal, Nidhi, Wilson, Guy C., Meiklejohn, Jacinda, Singh, Nalin, Baune, Bernhard T., Baker, Michael Kevin, Foroughi, Nasim, Wang, Yi, Mavros, Yorgi, Lampit, Amit, Leung, Isabella and Valenzuela, Michael J.
Abstract

Physical and cognitive exercise may prevent or delay dementia in later life but the neural mechanisms underlying these therapeutic benefits are largely unknown. We examined structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) brain changes after 6 months of progressive resistance training ( PRT ), computerized cognitive training ( CCT ) or combined intervention. A total of 100 older individuals ( 68 females, average age=70.1, s.d.±6.7, 55–87 years ) with dementia prodrome mild cognitive impairment were recruited in the SMART ( Study of Mental Activity and Resistance Training ) Trial. Participants were randomly assigned into four intervention groups: PRT+CCT, PRT+SHAM CCT, CCT+SHAM PRT and double SHAM. Multimodal MRI was conducted at baseline and at 6 months of follow-up ( immediately after training ) to measure structural and spontaneous functional changes in the brain, with a focus on the hippocampus and posterior cingulate regions. Participants’ cognitive changes were also assessed before and after training. We found that PRT but not CCT significantly improved global cognition ( F( 90 )=4.1, P < 0.05 ) as well as expanded gray matter in the posterior cingulate ( Pcorrected < 0.05 ), and these changes were related to each other ( r=0.25, P=0.03 ). PRT also reversed progression of white matter hyperintensities, a biomarker of cerebrovascular disease, in several brain areas. In contrast, CCT but not PRT attenuated decline in overall memory performance ( F( 90 )=5.7, P < 0.02 ), mediated by enhanced functional connectivity between the hippocampus and superior frontal cortex. Our findings indicate that physical and cognitive training depend on discrete neuronal mechanisms for their therapeutic efficacy, information that may help develop targeted lifestyle-based preventative strategies.

Year2016
JournalMolecular Psychiatry
Journal citation21 (11), pp. 1633 - 1642
PublisherNature Publishing Group
ISSN1359-4184
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2016.19
Scopus EID2-s2.0-84961393355
Open accessOpen access
Page range1633 - 1642
Research GroupSports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre
Publisher's version
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if thematerial is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Place of publicationUnited Kingdom
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Baker, Michael, Atlantis, Evan and Fiatarone Singh, Maria. (2007). Multi-modal exercise programs for older adults. Age and Ageing. 36, pp. 375 - 381. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afm054
Efficacy and feasibility of a novel tri-modal robust exercise prescription in a retirement community : A randomized, controlled trial
Baker, Michael, Kennedy, David, Bohle, Philip, Campbell, Deena, Knapman, Leona, Grady, Jodie, Wiltshire, James, McNamara, Maria, Evans, William and Fiatarone Singh, Maria. (2007). Efficacy and feasibility of a novel tri-modal robust exercise prescription in a retirement community : A randomized, controlled trial. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 55, pp. 1 - 10. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.01031.x
Degenerative meniscus tears and mobility impairment in women with knee osteoarthritis
Lange, Angela, Fiatarone Singh, Maria, Smith, Richard, Foroughi, Nasim, Baker, Michael, Shnier, Ron and Vanwanseele, Benedicte. (2007). Degenerative meniscus tears and mobility impairment in women with knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 15(6), pp. 701 - 708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2006.11.004
Effect of high-fat meals and fatty acid saturation on postprandial levels of the hormones ghrelin and leptin in healthy men
Poppitt, S. D., Leahy, F. E., Keogh, G. F., Wang, Y, Mulvey, T B., Stojkovic, M, Chan, Kai, Choong, Y S., McArdle, B H. and Cooper, G. J. S.. (2006). Effect of high-fat meals and fatty acid saturation on postprandial levels of the hormones ghrelin and leptin in healthy men. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 60(1), pp. 77 - 84. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602270