Applicability of the compensatory encoding model in foreign language reading : An investigation with Chinese college english language learners
Journal article
Han, Feifei. (2017). Applicability of the compensatory encoding model in foreign language reading : An investigation with Chinese college english language learners. Frontiers in Psychology. 8, p. Article 681. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00681
| Authors | Han, Feifei |
|---|---|
| Abstract | While some first language (L1) reading models suggest that inefficient word recognition and small working memory tend to inhibit higher-level comprehension processes; the Compensatory Encoding Model maintains that slow word recognition and small working memory do not normally hinder reading comprehension, as readers are able to operate metacognitive strategies to compensate for inefficient word recognition and working memory limitation as long as readers process a reading task without time constraint. Although empirical evidence is accumulated for support of the Compensatory Encoding Model in L1 reading, there is lack of research for testing of the Compensatory Encoding Model in foreign language (FL) reading. This research empirically tested the Compensatory Encoding Model in English reading among Chinese college English language learners (ELLs). Two studies were conducted. Study one focused on testing whether reading condition varying time affects the relationship between word recognition, working memory, and reading comprehension. Students were tested on a computerized English word recognition test, a computerized Operation Span task, and reading comprehension in time constraint and non-time constraint reading. The correlation and regression analyses showed that the strength of association was much stronger between word recognition, working memory, and reading comprehension in time constraint than that in non-time constraint reading condition. Study two examined whether FL readers were able to operate metacognitive reading strategies as a compensatory way of reading comprehension for inefficient word recognition and working memory limitation in non-time constraint reading. The participants were tested on the same computerized English word recognition test and Operation Span test. They were required to think aloud while reading and to complete the comprehension questions. The think-aloud protocols were coded for concurrent use of reading strategies, classified into language-oriented strategies, content-oriented strategies, re-reading, pausing, and meta-comment. The correlation analyses showed that while word recognition and working memory were only significantly related to frequency of language-oriented strategies, re-reading, and pausing, but not with reading comprehension. Jointly viewed, the results of the two studies, complimenting each other, supported the applicability of the Compensatory Encoding Model in FL reading with Chinese college ELLs. |
| Keywords | Compensatory Encoding Model; word recognition; working memory; reading comprehension; foreign language reading; Chinese college English language learners |
| Year | 2017 |
| Journal | Frontiers in Psychology |
| Journal citation | 8, p. Article 681 |
| Publisher | Frontiers Research Foundation |
| ISSN | 1664-1078 |
| Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00681 |
| PubMed ID | 28522984 |
| Scopus EID | 2-s2.0-85019647513 |
| PubMed Central ID | PMC5415605 |
| Open access | Published as ‘gold’ (paid) open access |
| Page range | 1-13 |
| Publisher's version | License File Access Level Open |
| Output status | Published |
| Publication dates | |
| Online | 04 May 2017 |
| Publication process dates | |
| Accepted | 19 Apr 2017 |
| Deposited | 05 Jul 2023 |
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| File access level: Open | |
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