Increasing valued behaviors precedes reduction in suffering : Findings from a randomized controlled trial using ACT

Journal article

Gloster, Andrew T., Klotsche, Jens, Ciarrochi, Joseph, Eifert, Georg, Sonntag, Rainer, Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich and Hoyer, Jürgen. (2017). Increasing valued behaviors precedes reduction in suffering : Findings from a randomized controlled trial using ACT. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 91, pp. 64-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2017.01.013
AuthorsGloster, Andrew T., Klotsche, Jens, Ciarrochi, Joseph, Eifert, Georg, Sonntag, Rainer, Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich and Hoyer, Jürgen
Abstract

Background
Psychological flexibility theory (PFT) suggests three key processes of change: increases in value-directed behaviors, reduction in struggle with symptoms, and reduction in suffering. We hypothesized that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) would change these processes and that increases in valued action and decreases in struggle would precede change in suffering.

Method
Data were derived from a randomized clinical trial testing ACT (vs. waitlist) for treatment-resistant patients with primary panic disorder with/without agoraphobia (n = 41). Valued behavior, struggle, and suffering were assessed at each of eight sessions.

Results
Valued actions, struggle, and suffering all changed over the course of therapy. Overall changes in struggle and suffering were interdependent whereas changes in valued behavior were largely independent. Levels of valued behaviors influenced subsequent suffering, but the other two variables did not influence subsequent levels of valued action.

Discussion
This finding supports a central tenet of PFT that increased (re-)engagement in valued behaviors precedes reductions in suffering. Possible implications for a better understanding of response and non-response to psychotherapy are discussed.

Keywordspsychological flexibility; ACT; valued behavior; suffering; process; treatment resistance
Year2017
JournalBehaviour Research and Therapy
Journal citation91, pp. 64-71
PublisherElsevier Ltd
ISSN0005-7967
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2017.01.013
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85011074134
Open accessPublished as green open access
Page range64-71
FunderAustralian Research Council (ARC)
Research GroupInstitute for Positive Psychology and Education
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Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Online24 Jan 2017
Publication process dates
Accepted23 Jan 2017
ARC Funded ResearchThis output has been funded, wholly or partially, under the Australian Research Council Act 2001
Grant IDDP140103874
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Cognitive and psychological flexibility after a traumatic brain injury and the implications for treatment in acceptance-based therapies: A conceptual review
Whiting, Diane L., Deane, Frank P., Simpson, Grahame K., McLeod, Hamish J. and Ciarrochi, Joseph. (2017). Cognitive and psychological flexibility after a traumatic brain injury and the implications for treatment in acceptance-based therapies: A conceptual review. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation. 27(2), pp. 263 - 299. https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2015.1062115
Emotion identification skill and social support during adolescence : A three-year longitudinal study
Rowsell, H. Claire, Ciarrochi, Joseph, Deane, Frank P. and Heaven, Patrick C. L.. (2016). Emotion identification skill and social support during adolescence : A three-year longitudinal study. Journal of Research on Adolescence. 26(1), pp. 115-125. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12175
Is belief in God related to differences in adolescents' psychological functioning?
Huuskes, Lee M., Heaven, Patrick C. L., Ciarrochi, Joseph, Parker, Philip and Caltabiano, Nerina. (2016). Is belief in God related to differences in adolescents' psychological functioning? Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 55(1), pp. 40-53. https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12249
Measures that make a difference: A functional contextualistic approach to optimizing psychological measurement in clinical research and practice
Ciarrochi, Joseph, Zettle, Robert D., Brockman, Robert, Duguid, James, Parker, Phillip David, Sahdra, Baljinder Kaur and Kashdan, Todd B.. (2016). Measures that make a difference: A functional contextualistic approach to optimizing psychological measurement in clinical research and practice. In In R. D. Zettle, S. C. Hayes and D. Barnes-Holmes and Anthony Biglan (Ed.). The Wiley handbook of contextual behavioral science pp. 320 - 346 John Wiley & Sons.
Developing a tool to identify therapeutic alliance in a health coaching weight-loss intervention program
Nagy, A., McMahon, Anne T., Arenson, D., Deane, Frank P., Ciarrochi, Joseph and Tapsell, Linda C.. (2016). Developing a tool to identify therapeutic alliance in a health coaching weight-loss intervention program. Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism. 4, pp. 22 - 23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnim.2015.12.232
A cluster-randomised controlled trial of values-based training to promote autonomously held recovery values in mental health workers
Williams, Virginia, Deane, Frank P., Oades, Lindsay G., Crowe, Trevor P., Ciarrochi, Joseph and Andresen, Retta. (2016). A cluster-randomised controlled trial of values-based training to promote autonomously held recovery values in mental health workers. Implementation Science. 11(13), pp. 1 - 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-015-0363-5
Enhancing recovery orientation within mental health services: Expanding the utility of values
Williams, Virginia C., Deane, Frank P., Oades, Lindsay G., Crowe, Trevor P., Ciarrochi, Joseph and Andresen, Retta. (2016). Enhancing recovery orientation within mental health services: Expanding the utility of values. The Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice. 11(1), pp. 23 - 32. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMHTEP-09-2015-0042
Feasibility of a community-based interdisciplinary lifestyle intervention trial on weight loss (the HealthTrack study)
Tapsell, Linda, Thorne, Rebecca, Batterham, Marijka J., Russell, Joanna, Ciarrochi, Joseph, Peoples, Gregory, Lonergan, Maureen and Martin, Allison. (2016). Feasibility of a community-based interdisciplinary lifestyle intervention trial on weight loss (the HealthTrack study). Nutrition and Dietetics. 73(4), pp. 321 - 328. https://doi.org/10.1111/1747-0080.12234
A heart and a mind: Self-distancing facilitates the association between heart rate variability
Grossmann, Igor, Sahdra, Baljinder Kaur and Ciarrochi, Joseph. (2016). A heart and a mind: Self-distancing facilitates the association between heart rate variability. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience. 10, pp. 1 - 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00068
The development of compulsive internet use and mental health : A four-year study of adolescence
Ciarrochi, Joseph, Parker, Philip, Sahdra, Baljinder, Marshall, Sarah L., Jackon, Chris, Gloster, Andrew and Heaven, Patrick C.L.. (2016). The development of compulsive internet use and mental health : A four-year study of adolescence. Developmental Psychology. 52(2), pp. 272-283. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000070
The wisdom to know the difference : Strategy-situation fit in emotion regulation in daily life is associated with well-being
Haines, Simon J., Gleeson, John, Kuppens, Peter, Hollenstein, Tom, Ciarrochi, Joseph, Labuschagne, Izelle, Grace, Caitlin and Koval, Peter. (2016). The wisdom to know the difference : Strategy-situation fit in emotion regulation in daily life is associated with well-being. Psychological Science. 27(12), pp. 1651-1659. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797616669086
Contextual positive psychology: Policy recommendations for implementing positive psychology into schools
Ciarrochi, Joseph, Atkins, Paul W., Hayes, Louise L., Sahdra, Baljinder and Parker, Phil. (2016). Contextual positive psychology: Policy recommendations for implementing positive psychology into schools. Frontiers in Psychology. 7, pp. 1 - 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01561
Nonattachment and mindfulness: Related but distinct constructs
Sahdra, Baljinder Kaur, Ciarrochi, Joseph and Parker, Phillip David. (2016). Nonattachment and mindfulness: Related but distinct constructs. Psychological Assessment. 28(7), pp. 1 - 5. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000264
Using genetic algorithms in a large nationally representative American sample to abbreviate the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire
Sahdra, Baljinder Kaur, Ciarrochi, Joseph, Parker, Phillip David and Scrucca, Luca. (2016). Using genetic algorithms in a large nationally representative American sample to abbreviate the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire. Frontiers in Psychology. 7(189), pp. 1 - 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00189
Flourishing, languishing and moderate mental health: Prevalence and change in mental health during recovery from drug and alcohol problems
McGaffin, Breanna Joy, Deane, Frank P., Kelly, Peter J. and Ciarrochi, Joseph. (2015). Flourishing, languishing and moderate mental health: Prevalence and change in mental health during recovery from drug and alcohol problems. Addiction Research and Theory. 23(5), pp. 351 - 360. https://doi.org/10.3109/16066359.2015.1019346
Self-compassion protects against the negative effects of low self-esteem : A longitudinal study in a large adolescent sample
Marshall, Sarah, Parker, Philip D., Ciarrochi, Joseph, Sahdra, Baljinder, Jackson, Chris and Heaven, Patrick. (2015). Self-compassion protects against the negative effects of low self-esteem : A longitudinal study in a large adolescent sample. Personality and Individual Differences. 74, pp. 116 - 121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.09.013
The relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement in high ability students: Evidence from the Wollongong Youth Study
Vialle, Wilma, Heaven, Patrick C. L. and Ciarrochi, Joseph. (2015). The relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement in high ability students: Evidence from the Wollongong Youth Study. The Australasian Journal of Gifted Education. 24(2), pp. 17 - 23.
High-frequency heart rate variability linked to affiliation with a new group
Sahdra, Baljinder, Ciarrochi, Joseph and Parker, Philip D.. (2015). High-frequency heart rate variability linked to affiliation with a new group. PLoS One (online). 10(6), pp. 1 - 14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0129583
Validating measures of psychological flexibility in a population with acquired brain injury
Whiting, Diane L., Deane, Frank P., Ciarrochi, Joseph, McLeod, Hamish J. and Simpson, Grahame. (2015). Validating measures of psychological flexibility in a population with acquired brain injury. Psychological Assessment. 27(2), pp. 415 - 423. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000050
The thriving adolescent: Using Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Positive Psychology to help teens manage emotions, achieve goals, and build connection
Hayes, Louise L. and Ciarrochi, Joseph. (2015). The thriving adolescent: Using Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Positive Psychology to help teens manage emotions, achieve goals, and build connection Context Press.
Hope and emotional well-being: A six-year study to distinguish antecedents, correlates, and consequences
Ciarrochi, Joseph, Parker, Philip, Kashdan, Todd B., Heaven, Patrick C. L. and Barkus, Emma. (2015). Hope and emotional well-being: A six-year study to distinguish antecedents, correlates, and consequences. The Journal of Positive Psychology. 10(6), pp. 520 - 532. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2015.1015154
Interdisciplinary lifestyle intervention for weight management in a community population (HealthTrack study): Study design and baseline sample characteristics
Tapsell, Linda C., Lonergan, Maureen, Martin, Allison, Batterham, Marijka J., Neale, Elizabeth P., Ciarrochi, Joseph, Deane, Frank, Peoples, Gregory, Steel, David, Russell, Joanna, Thorne, Rebecca, Probst, Yasmine, McMahon, Anne, Battocchio, Kate, Charlton, Karen, Ndanuko, Rhoda, Wibisono, Cinthya, Fuller, Stacey and Sattler, Krystal. (2015). Interdisciplinary lifestyle intervention for weight management in a community population (HealthTrack study): Study design and baseline sample characteristics. Contemporary Clinical Trials. 45(Part B), pp. 394 - 403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2015.10.008
Hope, friends, and subjective well-being : A social network approach to peer group contextual effects
Parker, Philip D., Ciarrochi, Joseph, Heaven, Patrick, Marshall, Sarah, Sahdra, Baljinder and Kiuru, Noona. (2015). Hope, friends, and subjective well-being : A social network approach to peer group contextual effects. Child Development. 86(2), pp. 642-650. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12308
A psychological profile of potential youth mentor volunteers
Randle, Melanie, Miller, Leonie, Ciarrochi, Joseph and Dolnicar, Sara. (2014). A psychological profile of potential youth mentor volunteers. Journal of Community Psychology. 42(3), pp. 338 - 351. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21613
The role of emotion identification skill in the formation of male and female friendships: A longitudinal study
Rowsell, H. Claire, Ciarrochi, Joseph, Heaven, Patrick C. L. and Deane, Frank P.. (2014). The role of emotion identification skill in the formation of male and female friendships: A longitudinal study. Journal of Adolescence. 37(2), pp. 103 - 111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.11.005
A contextual approach to experiential avoidance and social anxiety: Evidence from an experimental interaction and daily interactions of people with social anxiety disorder
Kashdan, Todd, Goodman, Fallon, Machell, Kyla, Kleiman, Evan, Monfort, Samuel, Ciarrochi, Joseph and Nezlek, John. (2014). A contextual approach to experiential avoidance and social anxiety: Evidence from an experimental interaction and daily interactions of people with social anxiety disorder. Emotion. 14(4), pp. 769 - 781. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035935
The science of attracting foster carers
Randle, Melanie, Miller, Leonie, Dolnicar, Sara and Ciarrochi, Joseph. (2014). The science of attracting foster carers. Child and Family Social Work. 19(1), pp. 65 - 75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2012.00881.x
Original and revised reinforcement sensitivity theory in the prediction of executive functioning : A test of relationships between dual systems
Jackson, Christopher, Loxton, N, Harnett, P, Ciarrochi, Joseph and Gullo, M. (2014). Original and revised reinforcement sensitivity theory in the prediction of executive functioning : A test of relationships between dual systems. Personality and Individual Differences. 56, pp. 83 - 88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.08.024
A Comparison of Two Coaching Approaches to Enhance Implementation of a Recovery-Oriented Service Model
Deane, Frank, Andresen, Retta, Crowe, Trevor, Oades, Lindsay, Ciarrochi, Joseph and Williams, Virginia. (2014). A Comparison of Two Coaching Approaches to Enhance Implementation of a Recovery-Oriented Service Model. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research. 41(5), pp. 660 - 667. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0514-4
Value congruence, importance and success and in the workplace: Links with well-being and burnout amongst mental health practitioners
Veage, Stephanie, Ciarrochi, Joseph, Deane, Frank, Andresen, Retta, Oades, Lindsay and Crowe, Trevor. (2014). Value congruence, importance and success and in the workplace: Links with well-being and burnout amongst mental health practitioners. Journal of Contextual Behavioural Science. 3(4), pp. 258 - 264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.06.004
Psychological flexibility is not a single dimension: The distinctive flexibility profiles of underweight, overweight, and obese people
Ciarrochi, Joseph, Sahdra, Baljinder, Marshall, Sarah, Parker, Philip and Horwath, Caroline. (2014). Psychological flexibility is not a single dimension: The distinctive flexibility profiles of underweight, overweight, and obese people. Journal of Contextual Behavioural Science. 3(4), pp. 236 - 247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.07.002
Is Self-Esteem a Cause or Consequence of Social Support? : A 4-Year Longitudinal Study
Marshall, Sarah, Parker, Philip D., Heaven, Patrick and Ciarrochi, Joseph. (2014). Is Self-Esteem a Cause or Consequence of Social Support? : A 4-Year Longitudinal Study. Child Development. 85(3), pp. 1275 - 1291. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12176
Juxtaposing math self-efficacy and self-concept as predictors of long-term achievement outcomes
Parker, Philip David, Marsh, Herbert W., Ciarrochi, Joseph, Marshall, Sarah and Abduljabbar, Adel Salah. (2014). Juxtaposing math self-efficacy and self-concept as predictors of long-term achievement outcomes. Educational Psychology. 34(1), pp. 29-48. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2013.797339
Agreeableness, conscientiousness, and psychoticism : Distinctive influences of three personality dimensions in adolescence
Heaven, Patrick C. L., Ciarrochi, Joseph, Leeson, Peter and Barkus, Emma. (2013). Agreeableness, conscientiousness, and psychoticism : Distinctive influences of three personality dimensions in adolescence. British Journal of Psychology. 104(4), pp. 481 - 494. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12002
A preliminary exploration of the working alliance and real relationship in two coaching approaches with mental health workers
Sun, Belinda, Deane, Frank, Crowe, Trevor, Andresen, Retta, Oades, Lindsay and Ciarrochi, Joseph. (2013). A preliminary exploration of the working alliance and real relationship in two coaching approaches with mental health workers. International Coaching Psychology Review.
The psychological impact of anal cancer screening on HIV-infected men
Landstra, Jodie M. B., Ciarrochi, Joseph, Deane, Frank Patrick, Botes, Leon P. and Hillman, Richard J.. (2013). The psychological impact of anal cancer screening on HIV-infected men. Psycho-Oncology: journal of the psychological, social and behavioral dimensions of cancer. 33(3), pp. 614-620. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.3040
The longitudinal relationships between adolescent religious values and personality
Huuskes, Lee, Ciarrochi, Joseph and Heaven, Patrick. (2013). The longitudinal relationships between adolescent religious values and personality. Journal of Research in Personality. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2013.04.010
improving implementation of evidence-based practice in mental health service delivery : Protocol for a cluster randomised quasi-experimental investigation of staff-focused values interventions
Williams, Virginia, Oades, L, Deane, F, Crowe, T, Ciarrochi, Joseph and Andresen, R. (2013). improving implementation of evidence-based practice in mental health service delivery : Protocol for a cluster randomised quasi-experimental investigation of staff-focused values interventions. Implementation Science. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-8-75
Identifying and describing feelings and psychological flexibility predict mental health in men with HiV
Landstra, Jodie M. B., Ciarrochi, Joseph, Deane, Frank P. and Hillman, Richard J.. (2013). Identifying and describing feelings and psychological flexibility predict mental health in men with HiV. British Journal of Health Psychology. 18(4), pp. 844 - 857. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12026
A Comparison of Two Coaching Approaches to Enhance implementation of a Recovery-Oriented Service Model
Deane, Frank, Andresen, Retta, Crowe, Trevor, Oades, Lindsay, Ciarrochi, Joseph and Williams, Virginia. (2013). A Comparison of Two Coaching Approaches to Enhance implementation of a Recovery-Oriented Service Model. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0514-4
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for improving the lives of cancer patients : A preliminary study
Feros, D, Lane, L, Ciarrochi, Joseph and Blackledge, J. (2013). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for improving the lives of cancer patients : A preliminary study. Psycho-Oncology: journal of the psychological, social and behavioral dimensions of cancer. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.2083
The interrelations among the perception of parental styles and psychological well-being in adolescence : A longitudinal study
Shahimi, F, Heaven, Patrick and Ciarrochi, Joseph. (2013). The interrelations among the perception of parental styles and psychological well-being in adolescence : A longitudinal study. Iranian Journal of Public Health.
The self in cognitive-behavioral therapy
McLeod, Hamish J. and Ciarrochi, Joseph. (2012). The self in cognitive-behavioral therapy. In In McHugh, Louise (Ed.). The self and perspective taking : Contributions and applications from modern behavioral science pp. 161-180 New Harbinger Publications.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for psychological adjustment after traumatic brain injury : Reporting the protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Whiting, Diane, Simpson, Grahame, McLeod, Hamish, Deane, Frank and Ciarrochi, Joseph. (2012). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for psychological adjustment after traumatic brain injury : Reporting the protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Brain Impairment. 13(3), pp. 360 - 376. https://doi.org/10.1017/BrImp.2012.28
Cognitive ability and health-related behaviors during adolescence : A prospective study across five years
Ciarrochi, Joseph, Heaven, Patrick C. L. and Skinner, Timothy. (2012). Cognitive ability and health-related behaviors during adolescence : A prospective study across five years. Intelligence. 40(4), pp. 317 - 324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2012.03.003
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for psychological adjustment after traumatic brain injury : Reporting the protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Whiting, Diane, Simpson, Grahame, McLeod, Hamish, Deane, Frank and Ciarrochi, Joseph. (2012). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for psychological adjustment after traumatic brain injury : Reporting the protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Brain Impairment. 13(3), pp. 360 - 376. https://doi.org/10.1017/BrImp.2012.28
Revisiting the link between low verbal intelligence and ideology
Leeson, Peter, Heaven, Patrick and Ciarrochi, Joseph. (2012). Revisiting the link between low verbal intelligence and ideology. Intelligence. 40(2), pp. 213 - 216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2011.11.006
Psychosocial aspects of anal cancer screening : A review and recommendations
Landstra, J, Ciarrochi, Joseph and Deane, F. (2012). Psychosocial aspects of anal cancer screening : A review and recommendations. Sexual Health. 9(6), pp. 620 - 627. https://doi.org/10.1071/SH11169
Religious values and the development of trait hope and self-esteem in adolescents
Ciarrochi, Joseph and Heaven, Patrick C. L.. (2012). Religious values and the development of trait hope and self-esteem in adolescents. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 51(4), pp. 676 - 688. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5906.2012.01675.x
Reflection impulsivity in adolescent cannabis users: a comparison with alcohol-using and non-substance-using adolescents
Solowij, Nadia, Jones, Katy A., Rozman, Megan E., Davis, Sasha M., Ciarrochi, Joseph, Heaven, Patrick C. L., Pesa, Nicole, Lubman, Dan I. and Yücel, Murat. (2012). Reflection impulsivity in adolescent cannabis users: a comparison with alcohol-using and non-substance-using adolescents. Psychopharmacology. 219(2), pp. 575 - 586. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-011-2486-y
When IQ is not everything : Intelligence, personality and academic performance at school
Heaven, Patrick C. L. and Ciarrochi, Joseph. (2012). When IQ is not everything : Intelligence, personality and academic performance at school. Personality and Individual Differences. 53(4), pp. 518 - 522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.04.024
Inflexible Parents. Inflexible Kids : A 6-Year Longitudinal Study of Parenting Style and the Development of Psychological Flexibility in Adolescents
Williams, Kathryn, Ciarrochi, Joseph and Heaven, Patrick. (2012). Inflexible Parents. Inflexible Kids : A 6-Year Longitudinal Study of Parenting Style and the Development of Psychological Flexibility in Adolescents. Journal of Youth Adolescence. 41(8), pp. 1053 - 1066. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-012-9744-0
Heterogeneity Among Potential Foster Carers: An investigation of Reasons for Not Foster Caring
Randle, Melanie, Miller, Leonie, Dolnicar, Sara and Ciarrochi, Joseph. (2012). Heterogeneity Among Potential Foster Carers: An investigation of Reasons for Not Foster Caring. Australian Social Work. 65(3), pp. 382 - 397. https://doi.org/10.1080/0312407X.2011.574229
Hope for the future: identifying the individual difference characteristics of people who are interested in and intend to foster-care
Ciarrochi, Joseph, Randle, Melanie, Miller, Leonie and Dolnicar, Sara. (2012). Hope for the future: identifying the individual difference characteristics of people who are interested in and intend to foster-care. The British Journal of Social Work. 42(1), pp. 7 - 25. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcr052
Cognitive ability, right-wing authoritarianism, and social dominance orientation :a five-year longitudinal study amongst adolescents
Heaven, Patrick Charles Lionel, Ciarrochi, Joseph and Leeson, Peter. (2011). Cognitive ability, right-wing authoritarianism, and social dominance orientation :a five-year longitudinal study amongst adolescents. Intelligence. 39(1), pp. 15 - 21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2010.12.001
Verbal learning and memory in adolescent cannabis users, alcohol users and non-users
Solowij, Nadia, Jones, Katy, Rozman, Megan, Davis, Sasha, Ciarrochi, Joseph, Heaven, Patrick Charles Lionel, Lubman, Dan and Yucel, Murat. (2011). Verbal learning and memory in adolescent cannabis users, alcohol users and non-users. Psychopharmacology. 216, pp. 131 - 144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-011-2203-x
On being aware and accepting :a one-year longitudinal study into adolescent well-being
Ciarrochi, Joseph, Kashdan, Todd, Leeson, Peter, Heaven, Patrick Charles Lionel and Jordan, Carlie. (2011). On being aware and accepting :a one-year longitudinal study into adolescent well-being. Journal of Adolescence. 34, pp. 695 - 703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.09.003
The link between value motives, value success, and well-being among people diagnosed with cancer
Ciarrochi, Joseph, Fisher, Darrell and Lane, Lisbeth. (2011). The link between value motives, value success, and well-being among people diagnosed with cancer. Psycho-Oncology: journal of the psychological, social and behavioral dimensions of cancer. 20(11), pp. 1184 - 1192. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.1832
Importance, pressure, and success :dimensions of values and their links to personality
Veage, Stephanie, Ciarrochi, Joseph and Heaven, Patrick Charles Lionel. (2011). Importance, pressure, and success :dimensions of values and their links to personality. Personality and Individual Differences. 50(3), pp. 1180 - 1185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.01.028
On being mindful, emotionally aware, and more resilient : Longitudinal pilot study of police recruits
Williams, Virginia, Ciarrochi, Joseph and Deane, Frank. (2010). On being mindful, emotionally aware, and more resilient : Longitudinal pilot study of police recruits. Australian Psychologist. 45(4), pp. 274 - 282. https://doi.org/10.1080/00050060903573197
Parental styles and religious values among teenagers : A 3-year prospective analysis
Heaven, Patrick, Ciarrochi, Joseph and Leeson, Peter. (2010). Parental styles and religious values among teenagers : A 3-year prospective analysis. The Journal of Genetic Psychology. 171(1), pp. 93 - 99. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221320903500861
On being mindful, emotionally aware, and more resilient : Longitudinal pilot study of police recruits
Williams, Virginia, Ciarrochi, Joseph and Deane, Frank. (2010). On being mindful, emotionally aware, and more resilient : Longitudinal pilot study of police recruits. Australian Psychologist. 45(4), pp. 274 - 282. https://doi.org/10.1080/00050060903573197
Motivation for and commitment to social values : The roles of age and gender
Ferssizidis, Patty, Adams, Leah, Kashdan, Todd, Plummer, Christine, Mishra, Anjali and Ciarrochi, Joseph. (2010). Motivation for and commitment to social values : The roles of age and gender. Motivation and Emotion. 34(4), pp. 354 - 362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-010-9187-4
The distinctiveness and utility of a brief measure of alexithymia for adolescents
Heaven, Patrick, Ciarrochi, Joseph and Hurrell, Katherine. (2010). The distinctiveness and utility of a brief measure of alexithymia for adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences. 49(3), pp. 222 - 227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.03.039
The distinctiveness and utility of a brief measure of alexithymia for adolescents
Heaven, Patrick, Ciarrochi, Joseph and Hurrell, Katherine. (2010). The distinctiveness and utility of a brief measure of alexithymia for adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences. 49(3), pp. 222 - 227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.03.039
Substance abusers report being more alexithymic than others but do not show emotional processing deficits on a performance measure of alexithymia
Lindsay, Julie and Ciarrochi, Joseph. (2009). Substance abusers report being more alexithymic than others but do not show emotional processing deficits on a performance measure of alexithymia. Addiction Research and Theory. 17(3), pp. 315 - 321. https://doi.org/10.1080/16066350802472056
Personality development at school: Assessing a reciprocal influence model of teachers' evaluations and students' personality
Heaven, Patrick, Leeson, Peter and Ciarrochi, Joseph. (2009). Personality development at school: Assessing a reciprocal influence model of teachers' evaluations and students' personality. Journal of Research in Personality. 43(5), pp. 815 - 821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2009.06.009
A longitudinal study into the link between adolescent personality and peer-rated likeability and adjustment: Evidence of gender differences
Ciarrochi, Joseph and Heaven, Patrick Charles Lionel. (2009). A longitudinal study into the link between adolescent personality and peer-rated likeability and adjustment: Evidence of gender differences. Journal of Research in Personality. 43(6), pp. 978 - 986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2009.08.006
A longitudinal study into the interplay between problem orientation and adolescent well-being
Ciarrochi, Joseph, Leeson, Peter and Heaven, Patrick Charles Lionel. (2009). A longitudinal study into the interplay between problem orientation and adolescent well-being. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 56(3), pp. 441 - 449. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015765
The longitudinal links between shame and increasing hostility during adolescence
Heaven, Patrick, Ciarrochi, Joseph and Leeson, Peter. (2009). The longitudinal links between shame and increasing hostility during adolescence. Personality and Individual Differences. 47(8), pp. 841 - 844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.07.002
Promoting social intelligence using the experiential role-play method
Bilich, Linda L. and Ciarrochi, Joseph. (2009). Promoting social intelligence using the experiential role-play method. In In J.T. Blackledge, J. Ciarrochi and F.P. Deane (Ed.). Acceptance and commitment therapy pp. 247 - 262 Australian Academic Press.
The stability and change of trait emotional intelligence, conflict communication patterns, and relationship satisfaction: A one-year longitudinal study
Smith, Lynne, Ciarrochi, Joseph and Heaven, Patrick Charles Lionel. (2008). The stability and change of trait emotional intelligence, conflict communication patterns, and relationship satisfaction: A one-year longitudinal study. Personality and Individual Differences. 45(8), pp. 738 - 743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.07.023
Self-nominated peer crowds, school achievement, and psychological adjustment in adolescents: Longitudinal analysis
Heaven, Patrick, Ciarrochi, Joseph and Vialle, Wilma J.. (2008). Self-nominated peer crowds, school achievement, and psychological adjustment in adolescents: Longitudinal analysis. Personality and Individual Differences. 44(4), pp. 977 - 988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.10.031
A CBT Practitioners Guide to ACT - How to bridge the gap between cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy
Ciarrochi, Joseph and Bailey, Anne. (2008). A CBT Practitioners Guide to ACT - How to bridge the gap between cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy New Harbinger Publications.
Cognitive ability, personality, and academic performance in adolescence
Leeson, Peter, Ciarrochi, Joseph and Heaven, Patrick Charles Lionel. (2008). Cognitive ability, personality, and academic performance in adolescence. Personality and Individual Differences. 45(7), pp. 630 - 635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.07.006
Parental styles, conscientiousness, and academic performance in high school: A three-wave longitudinal study
Heaven, Patrick and Ciarrochi, Joseph. (2008). Parental styles, conscientiousness, and academic performance in high school: A three-wave longitudinal study. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 34(4), pp. 451 - 461. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167207311909
The link between emotion identification skills and socio-emotional functioning in early adolescence: A 1-year longitudinal study
Ciarrochi, Joseph, Heaven, Patrick Charles Lionel and Supavadeeprasit, Sunila. (2008). The link between emotion identification skills and socio-emotional functioning in early adolescence: A 1-year longitudinal study. Journal of Adolescence. 31(5), pp. 565 - 582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2007.10.004
Parental styles, conscientiousness, and academic performance in high school: A three-wave longitudinal study
Heaven, Patrick and Ciarrochi, Joseph. (2008). Parental styles, conscientiousness, and academic performance in high school: A three-wave longitudinal study. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 34(4), pp. 451 - 461. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167207311909
Trait emotional intelligence, conflict communication patterns, and relationship satisfaction
Smith, Lynne, Heaven, Patrick and Ciarrochi, Joseph. (2008). Trait emotional intelligence, conflict communication patterns, and relationship satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences. 44(6), pp. 1314 - 1325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.11.024
Learned social hopelessness: The role of explanatory style in predicting social support during adolescence
Ciarrochi, Joseph and Heaven, Patrick Charles Lionel. (2008). Learned social hopelessness: The role of explanatory style in predicting social support during adolescence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 49(12), pp. 1279 - 1286. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01950.x
Parental styles, gender and the development of hope and self-esteem
Heaven, Patrick and Ciarrochi, Joseph. (2008). Parental styles, gender and the development of hope and self-esteem. European Journal of Personality. 22(8), pp. 707 - 724. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.699
Conscientiousness and Eysenckian psychoticism as predictors of school grades: A one-year longitudinal study
Heaven, Patrick, Ciarrochi, Joseph and Vialle, Wilma J.. (2007). Conscientiousness and Eysenckian psychoticism as predictors of school grades: A one-year longitudinal study. Personality and Individual Differences. 42(3), pp. 535 - 546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.07.028
The impact of hope, self-esteem, and attributional style on adolescents' school grades and emotional well-being: A longitudinal study
Ciarrochi, Joseph, Heaven, Patrick and Davies, Fiona. (2007). The impact of hope, self-esteem, and attributional style on adolescents' school grades and emotional well-being: A longitudinal study. Journal of Research in Personality. 41(6), pp. 1161 - 1178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2007.02.001
Longitudinal examination of the impact of Eysenck's psychoticism dimension on emotional well-being in teenagers
Ciarrochi, Joseph and Heaven, Patrick. (2007). Longitudinal examination of the impact of Eysenck's psychoticism dimension on emotional well-being in teenagers. Personality and Individual Differences. 42(3), pp. 597 - 608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.07.022
Psychological acceptance and quality of life in the elderly
Butler, Jodie and Ciarrochi, Joseph. (2007). Psychological acceptance and quality of life in the elderly. Quality of Life Research. 16(4), pp. 607 - 615. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-006-9149-1
On being gifted, but sad and misunderstood: Social, emotional, and academic outcomes of gifted students in the Wollongong Youth Study
Vialle, Wilma J., Heaven, Patrick and Ciarrochi, Joseph. (2007). On being gifted, but sad and misunderstood: Social, emotional, and academic outcomes of gifted students in the Wollongong Youth Study. Educational Research and Evaluation: an international journal on theory and practice. 13(6), pp. 569 - 586. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803610701786046
Personality and religious values among adolescents: A three-wave longitudinal analysis
Heaven, Patrick and Ciarrochi, Joseph. (2007). Personality and religious values among adolescents: A three-wave longitudinal analysis. British Journal of Psychology. 98(4), pp. 681 - 694. https://doi.org/10.1348/000712607X187777
Emotional expression, perceptions of therapy, and help-seeking intentions in men attending therapy services
Cusack, Jason, Deane, Frank P., Wilson, Coralie J. and Ciarrochi, Joseph. (2006). Emotional expression, perceptions of therapy, and help-seeking intentions in men attending therapy services. Psychology of Men and Masculinity. 7(2), pp. 69 - 82. https://doi.org/10.1037/1524-9220.7.2.69
The link between emotional competence and well-being: A longitudinal study
Ciarrochi, Joseph and Scott, Greg. (2006). The link between emotional competence and well-being: A longitudinal study. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling. 34(2), pp. 231 - 243. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069880600583287
Perceptions of parental styles and Eysenckian psychoticism in youth: A prospective analysis
Heaven, Patrick and Ciarrochi, Joseph. (2006). Perceptions of parental styles and Eysenckian psychoticism in youth: A prospective analysis. Personality and Individual Differences. 41(1), pp. 61 - 70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.12.011