Effect of environmental and feedback interventions on pacing profiles in cycling: a meta-analysis
Journal article
Davies, Michael J., Clark, Bradley, Welvaert, Marijke, Skorski, Sabrina, Lewis, Laura, Saunders, Philo and Thompson, Kevin G.. (2016). Effect of environmental and feedback interventions on pacing profiles in cycling: a meta-analysis. Frontiers in Physiology. 7, pp. 1 - 24. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00591
Authors | Davies, Michael J., Clark, Bradley, Welvaert, Marijke, Skorski, Sabrina, Lewis, Laura, Saunders, Philo and Thompson, Kevin G. |
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Abstract | Insearchoftheiroptimalperformanceathleteswillaltertheirpacingstrategyaccordingtointrinsicandextrinsicphysiological,psychologicalandenvironmentalfactors.However,theeffectofsomeofthesevariablesonpacingandexerciseperformanceremainssomewhatunclear.Therefore,theaimofthismeta-analysiswastoprovideanoverviewastohowmanipulationofdifferentextrinsicfactorsaffectspacingstrategyandexerciseperformance.Onlyself-pacedexercisestudiesthatprovidedcontrolandinterventiongroup(s),reportedtrialvarianceforpoweroutput,disclosedthetypeoffeedbackreceivedorwithheld,andwheretime-trialpoweroutputdatacouldbesegmentedintostart,middleandendsections;wereincludedinthemeta-analysis.Studieswithsimilarthemesweregroupedtogethertodeterminethemeandifference(MD)with95%confidenceintervals(CIs)betweencontrolandinterventiontrialsfor:hypoxia,hyperoxia,heat-stress,pre-cooling,andvariousformsoffeedback.Atotalof26studieswithcyclingastheexercisemodalitywereincludedinthemeta-analysis.Ofthese,fourstudiesmanipulatedoxygenavailability,elevenmanipulatedheat-stress,fourimplementedpre-coolinginterventionsandsevenstudiesmanipulatedvariousformsoffeedback.Meanpoweroutput(MPO)wassignificantlyreducedinthemiddleandendsections(p < 0.05),butnotthestartsectionofhypoxiaandheat-stresstrialscomparedtothecontroltrials.Incontrast,therewasnosignificantchangeintrialorsectionMPOforhyperoxicorpre-coolingconditionscomparedtothecontrolcondition(p > 0.05).NegativefeedbackimprovedoveralltrialMPOandMPOinthemiddlesectionoftrials(p < 0.05),whileinformedfeedbackimprovedoveralltrialMPO(p < 0.05).However,positive,neutralandnofeedbackhadnosignificanteffectonoveralltrialorsectionMPO(p > 0.05).Theavailabledatasuggestsexerciseregulationinhypoxiaandheat-stressisdelayedinthestartsectionoftrials,beforesignificantreductionsinMPOoccurinthemiddleandendofthetrial.Additionally,negativefeedbackinvolvingperformancedeceptionmayaffordanupwardshiftinMPOinthemiddlesectionofthetrialimprovingoverallperformance.Finally,performanceimprovementscanberetainedwhenparticipantsareinformedofthedeception. |
Keywords | Garvican-Lewis |
Year | 2016 |
Journal | Frontiers in Physiology |
Journal citation | 7, pp. 1 - 24 |
Publisher | Frontiers Research Foundation |
ISSN | 1664-042X |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00591 |
Scopus EID | 2-s2.0-85009259816 |
Open access | Open access |
Page range | 1 - 24 |
Research Group | Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research |
Publisher's version | |
Place of publication | Switzerland |
Editors | G. E. Billman |
https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/item/8qv6z/effect-of-environmental-and-feedback-interventions-on-pacing-profiles-in-cycling-a-meta-analysis
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